阅读理解
济宁真题剖析
(2018·山东济宁中考)
二、阅读理解(共15小题，计30分)
阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。
A
Maps are pictures of places. You must have seen a map of the world, of your home country, and even of your home city. They show us towns, cities, roads, parks, schools, hospitals, and more.
There are also many other types(类型) of maps. Each gives a special kind of information. There are street maps, tourist maps, and even maps of the air and sea.
Here is a simple road map.
16．Which is the biggest town on the map?
A．Greentown. B．Bluetown.
C．Smalltown. D．Bigtown.
17．If you drive from Smalltown to Bluetown, which is the best way to choose?
A．M3. B．M13. C．M23. D．R67.
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18.What does the writer mainly want to tell us?
A．Ways to choose maps.
B．Ways to read maps.
C．Some types of maps.
D．The importance of maps.
B
It’ s that time of the yeargraduation. The end of school year is nearly in sight, and it’ s an especially big deal if you’ re finishing high school or college.
One amazing 16yearold Florida girl, Grace Bush, graduated from both high school and college this week! She actually got her college diploma before her high school diploma. How did she manage to do that?
“Hard work and great attention，” she told a local TV news station, “have made me succeed in doing high school and college at the same time.” She started taking college courses when she was just 13. She would often get up at 5：30 a．m. and go to bed after 11：00 p．m.
Doing both at the same time is a huge achievement, and it has also helped her family save money. She’ s one of the 9 children, all homeschooled until the age of 13. Her father is a math professor while her mother is a parttime history teacher in a high school. Grace Bush has earned her college degree in law, with a near perfect GPA of 3.8 and she hopes to become a lawyer one day, although her parents expect her to teach at university. By the way, she also played basketball in her college team in her spare time.
19．In what way is Grace “amazing”？
A．She is a 16yearold Florida girl.
B．She finished high school this week.
C．She worked very hard at her lessons every day.
D．She graduated from both high school and college at 16.
20．Which picture might Grace’ s diploma look like?
21．What is the key to Grace’ s success?
A．Taking college courses at 13.
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B．Working hard at her courses.
C．Growing up in a professor’ s family.
D．Having a dream of becoming a teacher.
22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph?
A．The Bushes have 13 children altogether.
B．Grace’ s mother is a fulltime history teacher.
C．Grace wants to teach at university in the future.
D．Grace received her education at home before 13.
C
In America, boys and girls often join clubs. The members of a club work together. They also learn certain skills and share good times.
Many boys belong to Boy Scouts. Boy Scouts enjoy hiking and camping out together, and they learn many things. Scouts learn safety rules, first aid, and what to do when in danger. Members have a chance to learn outdoor living. They learn to build fires and cook out in the open.
Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls. These two clubs give their members a chance to have fun and learn. The girls in a group take trips, have parties and go hiking and camping together. The Camp Fire Girls earn honor beads(荣誉珠) for learning such skills as swimming and cooking. The Girl Scouts earn badges(徽章)．
Both boys and girls can be members of 4h clubs. Children who live in either the city or the country may belong to 4h. A project such as raising a pig or a calf can be carried on only by farm children, while city children can take part in gardening and cooking projects.
In all these clubs the boys and girls learn to be good and useful citizens.
23．Why do boys and girls join clubs according to the passage?
A．To make their parents happy.
B．To earn honor beads and badges.
C．To learn skills and share good times.
D．To enjoy hiking and camping out.
24．What does Para.2 mainly talk about?
A．What to do when in danger.
B．Some activities of Boy Scouts.
C．What Boy Scouts really enjoy.
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D．Some skills about outdoor living.
25．What can we know from Para.3?
A．In America there are many clubs for girls.
B．Camp Fire Girls is quite popular in America.
C．Girls can go hiking and camping with the boys.
D．Girls are encouraged to learn swimming and cooking.
26．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Members of 4h clubs in America.
B．Clubs for boys and girls in America.
C．Different kinds of clubs in America.
D．Children who are interested in clubs.
D
Inventions make our life easier and better than before. What are the best inventions of last year? Here are three amazing things in Time magazine’ s list of the 25 best inventions of 2017.
Smart mug
It’ s hard to keep coffee or tea warm, especially in winter. But this smart mug from US company Ember Technologies can solve this problem. There is an app for the mug that allows people to set the mug to a certain temperature between 48 ℃ and 62 ℃. Then, the mug keeps your coffee or tea at that temperature for about an hour, and even longer if you put the mug on a charging(充电) plate.
Social robot
Can robots talk to us like humans? Jibo, a robot made by US company Jibo Inc, can do this. With a big, round head and a big body, Jibo looks like a cartoon character. And its voice sounds like a 10yearold boy. As soon as you say “Hey, Jibo，” it dances and turns to face you.
When it talks to you, it moves its head and body to communicate with you. Its appearance, tone of voice and humor make you feel that you have a little friend. Jibo is able to tell stories to children, take pictures just by hearing your order “Jibo, take a picture”， and do hundreds of other jobs. Although its creators think that Jibo still has a lot to learn, it’ s available with a price of $899; a good price for a pretty smart and friendly robot!
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Fidget spinner
What is the most popular toy this year? The answer is probably fidget spinners. They are small plastic or metal toys with a bearing(滚珠轴承) in the middle. The toys can keep turning around on your fingertip for a few minutes after you start them. Once they are turning, you can put them on any other flat surface, such as a ruler or even the nose of a pet dog. This toy is very popular among young people around the world. Some people say that it helps them calm down and relax. But it may not be a good thing to spend too much time playing with it.
27．Why is the smart mug special?
A．It’ s not easy to get broken in winter.
B．It can heat coffee or tea up to 48 ℃.
C．It can solve many difficult problems.
D．It has an app to control the temperature.
28．What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．Jibo is not perfect yet but worth buying.
B．Although Jibo is cheap, it’ s not worth buying.
C．Although Jibo is expensive, it is worth the money.
D．The creators have to learn a lot to make Jibo perfect.
29．What is a fidget spinner used for?
A．Having fun. B．Cleaning fingers.
C．Doing homework. D．Answering questions.
30．What’ s the best title for the whole text?
A．Inventions and Our Life B．Time Magazine’ s List
C．Best Inventions of 2017 D．Mugs, Robots and Toys
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参考答案
【参考答案及解析】
A
16．A 细节理解题。根据读图中左下角的图标可知，Large Town的标志是最大城镇的标志，由图可知Greentown有此标志，故选A。
17．B 细节理解题。观察地图可知，M3和M23路线不能从Smalltown到Bluetown，故排除A、C两项；结合地图右下角可知，R67是崎岖小路，且路程遥远；M13是平坦的道路，且比R67的路程近，故选M13路线。
18．D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了地图的一些类型，以及我们从中能获得哪些信息，最终的目的是说明地图的重要性。
B
19．D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知，Grace了不起的地方是年仅16岁的她，同时完成了高中和大学学业，故选D。
20．C 词义猜测题。diploma意为“毕业文凭，学位证书”，C选项certificate of graduation与diploma同义，故选C。A选项意思“护照”，B选项意思“牛津英语词典”，D选项意思“驾照”。
21．B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话及第三段第一句话可知选B。
22．D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，她们家9个孩子，A错误；根据最后一段第三句可知她妈妈是学校的兼职历史老师，B项错误；根据倒数第二句话可知未来在大学教学只是她父母的想法，并非她自己的想法，C项错误；根据最后一段第二句可知D项正确。
C
23．C 细节理解题。A选项文中未提及，B、D选项说法太片面。根据文中第一段最后一句话可知C选项正确。
24．C 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，这一段主要讲了男孩们参加俱乐部Boy Scouts从中能享受到什么，A、B、D三项概括不全面，故选C。
25．D 细节理解题。A选项表述不准确，第三段中只提到两种俱乐部；B选项文中未提及；C选项文中未提及女孩们可以和男孩们一起去徒步旅行和野营；根据第三段最后两句话可知女孩们学习游泳和做饭可以得到荣誉珠，所以这个可以鼓励女孩子们去学习游泳和做饭，故选D。
26．B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了在美国专门为孩子们开办的一些俱乐部，A、C、D三个选项说法不全面，故选B。
D
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27．D 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知数字马克杯特别的地方是它有一个可控制温度的应用程序，故选D。
28．A 细节理解题。根据这句话开头单词Although“虽然；即使”提示，可知作者强调的是后半部分，虽然社交机器人仍有很多需要学习的地方，但是它是值899美元这个价格的，所以说作者认为虽然它不完美，但是它值得购买。
29．A 细节理解题。通读文章最后一段可知指尖陀螺是一种玩具，用来玩乐的，故选A。
30．C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了2017年最好的三个发明，故选C。
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