[
祈使句的用法及
have to
与
must
的辨析
]
单元语法聚焦四
1.Don't arrive
late for class.
上课不要迟到。
2
.
Don't run
in the hallways.
不要在走廊里跑。
3
.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school?
他上学不得不穿校服吗?
4
.
We
have to
be quiet in the library.
我们在图书馆不得不保持安静。
5
.
We
must
be on time for class.
我们必须准时上课。
教材典句
语法探究
一、祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令或建议。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称
you,
但通常省略。祈使句的句末一般用句号,表示较强语气时用感叹号。为表示礼貌,可在祈使句句首或句末加
please
。 句末用
please
时,前面通常加逗号,即用“
Please…”
或“
…
,
please.”
句式。若有称呼语,要用逗号隔开,放在句首或句末。
1
.祈使句的肯定形式:
____________
+其他.
Please buy some bananas for me.
请为我买一些香蕉。
2
.祈使句的否定形式:在动词原形前加
________
,即“
Don't
+动词原形+其他.”
Don't look out of the window.
不要向窗外看。
3
.祈使句的反意疑问句用
will you/won‘t you
。 但是,以
let’s
开头的祈使句的反意疑问部分用
____________
;以
let us
开头的祈使句的反意疑问部分用
____________
。
动词原形
don't
shall we
will you
Don't swim here, will you?
不要在这儿游泳,好吗?
Let's go to the zoo, shall we?
让我们去动物园吧,好吗?
4
.
let
引导的句子也是祈使句的一种。其肯定形式为“
Let
+
sb.
+
____________
+其他.”;否定形式为“
Let
+
sb.
+
________
+
____________
+其他.
/Don't let
+
sb.
+
____________
+其他.”
Let's join the soccer club.
让我们加入足球俱乐部吧。
Don't let them play with fire.
别让他们玩火。
动词原形
not
动词原形
动词原形
5
.“
No
+
n./v.ing
!”常用于标识语。
No smoking!
禁止吸烟!
No fishing
!禁止钓鱼!
二、
have to
与
must
1
.
have to
表示客观上“不得不”,
must
表示主观需要或受责任感的驱使认为有必要或有义务去做某事,通常译为“必须”。
I have to do my homework now.
现在我不得不做作业。
(
不得不做
)
We must be there on time.
我们一定准时到达。
(
受责任感的驱使
)
2
.
have to
与
must
的否定形式分别是
don't have to(
不必
), mustn't(
一定不要,禁止
)
。
3
.在含有
must
的一般疑问句中,肯定回答为“
Yes
,主语+
must.”
,否定回答为“
No
,主语+
needn't/don't have to.”
实战演练
Ⅰ.
单项填空
(
)1. 2018·
齐齐哈尔
—________ I finish my work now?
—No, you ________. You can do it later.
A
.
May; needn't B
.
Must; don't have to
C
.
Can; couldn't
(
)2.2018·
北京
I ________ go now, or I'll miss(
错过
) my train.
A
.
can
B
.
might
C
.
must
D
.
could
B
C
(
)3. “No swimming
!”
means that ________.
A. we can swim B. it's safe to swim
C. better swim D
.
don't swim
(
)4.2017·
永州
—Must we finish the homework now?
—________. Our teacher doesn't ask us to.
A
.
Yes, we must B
.
No, we mustn't
C
.
No, we needn't
D
C
(
)5.2016·
齐齐哈尔
—Hi, you ________walk on the grass.
—Sorry, I ________ do it again.
A
.
can't; will B
.
needn't; won't C
.
mustn't; won't
(
)6.2017·
永州
David, ________ make trouble at school.
A
.
can't
B
.
don't
C
.
doesn't
C
B
【
解析
】
考查祈使句的用法。句意:戴维,不要在学校惹麻烦。根据语境可知,本句应是一种命令,这是一个否定祈使句,以
don't
开头。故选
B
。
Ⅱ.
翻译下列句子
1.
让我们用英语交谈吧。
___________________________________________________
2.
老师要来了。安静。
___________________________________________________
Let's talk in English.
The teacher is coming. Be quiet.
3.
坐下休息一下吧。
___________________________________________________
4.
咱们别看电视了。
___________________________________________________
5.
不要玩电脑游戏了。
__________________________________________________
Sit down and have a rest.
Let's not watch TV.
Don't play computer games.