单元语法聚焦十
[
可数名词与不可数名词以及
some
与
any
的用法
]
教材典句
1．—Are there
any vegetables
in the beef soup?
牛肉汤里有蔬菜吗？
—
Yes. There are
some tomatoes
.
是的，有一些西红柿。
2
．
—
Is there
any meat
in the tomato and egg soup?
西红柿鸡蛋汤里有肉吗？
—No, there isn't
any
.
不，没有。
3．Yes, there are
some carrots
.
是的，有一些胡萝卜。
4
．
I'd like
beef noodles
with
carrots
.
我想要带有胡萝卜的牛肉面。
语法探究
一、可数名词与不可数名词
英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。简单地说，能数出个数的为可数名词，不能数出个数的为不可数名词。可数名词有单复数之分，而不可数名词没有复数形式。
可数名词与不可数名词用法对比：
可数名词
不可数名词
有单数和复数两种形式。如：
a book, two books; a bus, three buses
只有一种形式。如：
bread, water, juice, milk
可以直接用不定冠词
a/an
或数词等修饰。如：
a cake, an apple, four boys
不能用不定冠词或数词直接修饰。如：
a rice(×), a juice(×), three water(×)
可以用
some, any, few, a few, many, a lot of
等修饰。如：
some girls, a few friends, many pears
可以用
some, any, little, a little, much, a lot of
等修饰。如：
some milk, a little water, a lot of food
用
how many
来询问数量。如：
How many people are there in your family
？
用
how much
来询问数量。如：
How much milk is there in the bottle
？
二、
some
与
any
的用法
1.
一般说来，
some
用于肯定句，
any
用于否定句和疑问句。
She wants some juice.
她想要些果汁。
She doesn't want any milk.
她不想要牛奶。
2
．
any
可以用于条件句中。
If you have any trouble, please let me know.
如果你有困难的话，请告诉我。
3
．
some
可以用于疑问句的情况。
常用于款待用语或提出一个要求并希望得到对方肯定回答的问句中。这类用语中的
some
不能用
any
代替。
Would you like some more tea?
你想再来点儿茶吗？
Could you get me some bread?
你能给我拿些面包吗？
实战演练
Ⅰ.
把下列名词分类
beef, tomato, water, noodle, potato, carrot, milk, rice, egg, meat
1.
可数名词：
__________________________________________________________
2.
不可数名词：
__________________________________________________________
tomato, noodle, potato, carrot, egg
beef, water, milk, rice, meat
Ⅱ.
单项填空
(
)1.2018·
桂林
________
is a healthy drink.
A．Water B．Egg C．Apple
( )2.2018·
怀化
There are many old________ and ________ in the park.
A．man; children B．men; child
C．men; children
A
C
(
)3.2018·
铜仁
—What would you like to drink?
—I'd like three ________
．
A
．
bottles of waters B
．
bottle of waters
C
．
bottle of water D
．
bottles of water
D
【
解析
】
句意：“你想喝点什么？”“我想来三瓶水。”
water
是不可数名词，表达数量时，需借助量词，
bottle
是可数名词，故选
D
。
(
)4.2018·
益阳
—I like ________. They are my favorite fruit.
—Really? But I like apples.
A
．
strawberries B
．
orange
C
．
banana
A
(
)5. Hurry up
！
There is ________ time left.
A. a little B. little
C. few D. a few
B
【
解析
】
time
是不可数名词；
a little, little
都可以修饰不可数名词，
a little
意为“一点儿”，表示肯定意义；
little
意为“几乎没有”，表示否定意义。根据语境可知选
B
。
(
)6.Hurry up! Some ________ and ________ are on sale in the supermarket.
A
．
tomato; egg B
．
tomatoes; egg
C
．
tomatoes; eggs D
．
tomato; eggs
(
)7.2018·
东营
—Let's see what food you've got for dinner.
—Look, we have mutton(
羊肉
), fish, eggs, tomatoes and ________
．
A
．
milk B
．
Bread C
．
coffee D
．
juice
C
B
(
)8.2017·
十堰
—What is your sister's favorite ________
？
—She is always in red. Don't you know?
A
．
song B
．
movie
C
．
color D
．
food
C
【
解析
】
句意：“你姐姐最喜欢的颜色是什么？”“她总是穿红色的衣服。难道你不知道吗？”结合答语中的“
in red”
可知，询问的是颜色，故选
C
。
(
)9.2017·
重庆
—Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week.
—Well, you'd better take a ________ with you, or you may easily get lost.
A
．
photo B
．
stamp
C
．
map D
．
postcard
C
【
解析
】
句意：“
Judy,
下周我将在加拿大开会。”“哦，你最好带上地图，否则你可能会很容易迷路。”
photo
意为“照片”；
stamp
意为“邮票”；
map
意为“地图”；
postcard
意为“明信片”。由“
you may easily get lost”
可知，要带上“地图”，故选
C
。
(
)10.2016·
贵港
—Can I help you?
—Yes, please. I need a pair of ________
．
A
．
shoes B
．
Tshirt
C
．
sweater D
．
bags
A
Ⅲ.
用
some
或
any
填空
1. Could you get me ________ coffee, please?
2
．
Don't take ________ magazines out of the reading room.
3. —Does he buy ________ cakes or cookies?
—Cookies, I think.
4. If you have ________ questions, ask me, please.
5. He is going to visit ________ places of interest in Beijing tomorrow.
some
any
any
any
some
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