2019中考英语阅读、首字母、短文语法选择精享新选（5）
一、阅读理解。
A
（2019中考教育类选练）
Escaping (逃) from a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, for example, you can use stairways, roofs and fire escapes, but no lifts. From the lower floors of buildings, to escape through windows is possible. The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. It is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building. Windows are also useful while you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed, before opening the window. Otherwise, smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low next to the window to be sure you get fresh air.
Here are some tips on how to stay safe in earthquakes. Stay inside and duck and cover. Get under a desk or table, or stand in a corner or under a doorway. Cover your head and neck with your arms. Stay in your seat if in a cinema or a theater. Get below the level of the back of the sea and cover your head and neck with your arms. Try to stay away from kitchens, where there are often many objects that might fall or get hurt.
It is necessary for all to keep the traffic rules in mind and obey them strictly. When one crosses the street, he should take the crosswalk , underground passage or pedestrian overpass. Keep riding on the right side of the road. When the red light is on, please stop and wait until the green light is on. It is important to let the children know that playing on the road is very dangerous. Helping the aged and children cross the road is always a kind deed. If everyone obeys the traffic rules, it will be much safer to walk or ride on the road.
( ) 1. You can try to escape a fire through the following ways except _____________.
A. fire escapes B. lifts C.
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roofs D. stairways
( ) 2. According to the first passage, windows are _______________.
A. of no use when a fire breaks out B. useful in putting out a fire
C. the only way of escaping from a fire D. one of the ways of escaping from a fire
( ) 3. The main idea of the second paragraph is_____________.
A. how to protect yourself in an earthquake
B. covering your head and neck with your arms can protect you in an earthquake.
C. advice for dangerous situations
D. how to stay calm in an earthquake
( ) 4. The underlined word “duck” in the passage “means______________ .
A. a water bird with short legs B. some kind of meat for eating
C. walk like a duck D. lower your head and body very quickly
( ) 5. Which is the correct behavior according to the last paragraph?
A. You’d better play and ride on the road.
B. When the green light is on, please wait.
C. When one crosses the street, one must take the crosswalk
D. You should keep the traffic rules in mind and obey them strictly.
参考答案1B 2D 3A 4D 5D
B
面貌识别技术
The Spring Festival travel rush started on Friday Jan.13, in 2017. It is the biggest thing for Chinese to travel in the Spring Festival. It has become the world's largest human movement every year.
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During those days, billions of trips were made by travellers. On Friday, 8.55 million trips were made on railways, 58 million by roads, 0.59 million by waterways and 1.3 million by air across the country, according to the Ministry of Transport. New services were offered during this year's spring rush to improve passengers' travel speed.
A few major train stations, such as Guangzhou and Changsha, used face recognition(面貌识别) technology for the first time. The technology could shorten passengers' travel time. It was convenient for train station staff who checked train tickets and ID cards.
The technology compared passengers' faces with the photos on the ID cards. Passengers at those stations only needed to stand in front of a camera for a few seconds after putting their ID cards into a machine. Many passengers experienced the technology at Guangzhou South Railway Station. They described the technology with “convenient, fast and wonderful”.
根据上述内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的为“T”，错误的为“F”。
1. It is very difficult for Chinese to travel in the Spring Festival.
2. Most trips were made by air across the country during the Spring Festival.
3. The train stations in Guangzhou and Changsha used face recognition(面貌识别) technology for the first time.
4. Travellers didn't need to show their ID cards with the new technology.
5. The technology is convenient, fast and wonderful.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的春运，这是一年一度人潮流动最大的时候。公路、铁路和航空都在全速运转。文章重点提到了新技术的运用——面貌识别技术。
1. T 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：对中国人来说春节出行很困难。根据文章第一段可知，春节是每年规模最大的人口迁移的时候，所以出行肯定是困难的。故本题表述正确。
2. F 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在春节期间全国的旅行主要是通过航空。根据第二段第二句“On Friday, 8.55 million trips were made on railways, 58 million by roads, 0.59 million by waterways and 1.3 million by air across the country...”可知主要是通过公路，故本题表述错误。
3. T 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：广州和长沙火车站第一次使用面貌识别技术。根据第三段第一句“A few major train stations, such as Guangzhou and Changsha, used face recognition(面貌识别) technology for the first time.”可知本题表述正确。
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4. F 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：有了这项新科技，旅客不再需要出示身份证。根据第四段第二句“Passengers at those stations only needed to stand in front of a camera for a few seconds after putting their ID cards into a machine.”可知需要出示身份证，故本题表述错误。
5. T 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这项科技便捷、迅速而且很棒。根据文章最后一句“They described the technology with ‘convenient, fast and wonderful’．”可知本题表述正确。
C
(2018年湖北省宜昌中考)
I'm not much of a crier most of the time. But recently when I was reading a book on a plane, I started crying. Of course, it came as a big surprise when tears came up, no matter how hard I tried, I wasn’t able to control myself.
Oh no, not this now. I thought to myself. But even as the thought entered my brain. I felt the first hot drop of salty water coming down my face. I put my head down, hoping that I could go on reading.
In fact, the harder I tried, the more tears pushed their way out of my eyes. You could guess how surprised the man next to me looked.
I dropped my head in shame. He must think I was crazy. May be I could turn toward him, hold up the cover of the book and say in my crying voice. "I'm sorry, sir. It's just a really good book! "But I didn't say anything. Instead, I just put my head back against the seat and let the tears run. Do you know what decision I made while I was crying? My decision was that it was okay if he thought I was crazy. I'd rather be crazy than be the kind of person who wouldn't cry when the situation called for it, or who wouldn't let herself feel anything at all.
I’ve been that girl who has spent so much time trying to make sure people didn’t think I was crazy. But now I don’t want to be that girl any more ---that bored and sad girl. I'd rather be this girl who is able to forgive(原谅), love and act, even if it means being disappointed or being hurt again and again.
( )1. The writer started crying because____________.
A. she is usually a crier
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B. she is kind of crazy
C. she was moved by the book
D. she felt uneasy on the plane
( )2. When tears came up, the writer at first____________.
A. thought deeply
B. went on reading
C. tried to control herself
D. explained to the man beside her
( )3. As tears got out of her eyes, the writer did NOT______________.
A. drop her head shamefully
B. think about others' feelings
C. let her head against the seat
D. say sorry to anyone in a crying voice
( )4. According to the passage, we know the writer ____________.
A. decided to change herself bravely
B. lived a sad and boring life
C. wouldn't cry in any terrible situation
D. wouldn't let others feel anything at all
( )5. The passage mainly tells us ____________.
A. why the writer cried hard on the plane
B. how the writer tried to stop herself crying
C. what the writer thought about while she cried
D. how the writer overcame herself and decided to change
【参考答案】CCDAD
二、语法选择。
阅读下面短文，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Have you ever felt uncomfortable? Many of __1___ feel uneasy when someone stands too close __2__ us, talks to us too __3__ or makes eye contact with us for too long. But have
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you ever wondered why those things make you uncomfortable?
Its all about personal peace, which means not only __4__ imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the ___5___. People feel that their space is being violated(侵
犯) when they meet with an unwelcome sound, smell or look. This is probably why a man on a
crowded bus shouting into his mobile phone or a woman next to you putting on strong perfume(香水) makes you feel __6___.
___7___ people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space or not in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire(渴
望) to have space to ___8___. In a survey by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they
___9___ pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food.
Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers __10__their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers.
Go and watch a library table. You will notice __11__ one of the corner seats will usually __12__ first, because they are the farthest way. What if someone sits __13__ you? Maybe you will pile up books as if to make a wall.
Preference (偏好) for personal space are different from culture to culture. Scientists have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people from __14__ cultures. In Latin(拉丁人的) cultures, __15__, people are more comfortable standing near each other.
（ ） 1. A. we B. us C. our D. ours
（ ） 2. A. with B. in C. to D. at
（ ） 3. A. loudness B. louder C. loudly D. loudest
（ ） 4. A. a B. an C. the D. /
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（ ） 5. A. sense B. senses C. sensing D. sensings
（ ） 6. A. anger B. angry C. angers D. angrily
（ ） 7. A. Whether B. What C. That D. Which
（ ） 8. A. them B. their C. themselves D. they
（ ） 9. A. has to B. have to C. had to D. having to
（ ） 10. A. in the front B. in front C. in the front of D. in front of
（ ） 11. A. that B. what C. where D. if
（ ） 12. A. be taken B. be taking C. take D. takes
（ ） 13. A. opposite with B. opposite to C. opposite at D. opposite for
（ ） 14. A. another B. others C. other D. the others
（ ） 15. A. but B. however C. either D. although
参考答案 1-5 BCCCB 6-10 BACCD 11-15 AABCB
三、短文首字母填空。
根据短文内容及首字母提示完成短文。（每空一词）
What can you do to keep healthy? Perhaps for children, healthy eating is one of the most important things. Here are some ideas about h 1 to eat healthily.
A good breakfast is very important to children. It's n 2 to have it in the morning. But some children often go to school without breakfast, just because they want to sleep a little l 3 . Remember that a good breakfast will help you study better.
"My dream is that all the Chinese children can get half a kilogram of milk a day." The Chinese Premier(总理) Wen Jiabao said this during his v 4 to a milk farm. Milk is also very important to children's health. It makes children grow stronger. It's
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better for you to drink a glass of warm milk b 5 going to bed. That will help you have a good s 6 .
Having healthy food is the most important. That means eating lots of different kinds of food, e 7 fruits and vegetables. Don't eat too much chocolate o 8 ice-cream. Some of you p 9 to eat fast food, but in fact it is not good for your health. Try to eat healthy food as much as possible. Have healthy eating h 10 , and you will have a strong body.
【参考答案 】
1.how 2.necessary 3.longer 4. visit 5. before
6.sleep 7. especially 8.or 9.prefer 10.habits
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