2019中考英语短文语法选择、首字母、阅读题金新选（4）
一、阅读理解。
A
（2019中考选练）
How much sleep is enough?
To stay in good health, some experts in the US say, adults should get seven to eight hours of sleep. Teenagers need nine to ten hours. And pre-school children need more than 10 hours of sleep a night.
Experts say the quality（质量） of our sleep becomes poor as we grow older. This happens because the brain unit that controls sleep begins to weaken slowly as we age.
Experts say the change starts in our 30s. By the time we reach our 50s, a person may have lost 50 percent of his or her ability to have a restful sleep.
These people have trouble falling and staying asleep through the night. From middle age on, these problems only get worse, and they can have a bad effect on their health.
Signs that show you may not be getting enough sleep:
You’re always hungry or you’ve got unwanted weight. If you are in short of sleep, certain chemicals（化学物质） in your body will not work well and tell your brain in time that you have eaten enough.
You have trouble making decisions. Not having enough sleep may make your brain work slower in problem solving.
You have trouble remembering things. Sleep helps prepare the brain for new memories.
Your feeling changes unreasonably. People who don’t sleep well may feel unable to control their feeling.
You are having trouble seeing. If there is a shortage of sleep, you may not be able to see things as clearly as usual.
How to improve your sleep? Here are a few things people can do to get better
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sleep.
Health experts say that exercise and avoiding work on computers make people go to sleep more easily. A cool room is also a good choice for sleeping well.
1.What can we learn from the passage?
A.With the help of medicine, we can sleep better.
B.People begin to have sleep problems in their 40s.
C.Teenagers usually need more sleep than adults.
D.Few people have sleep problems in their late years.
2.The underlined word “effect” in the passage is close in meaning to .
A.knowledge B.influence
C.excuse D.activity
3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a sign that shows you are not sleeping well?
A.You often get hungry.
B.Your eyesight is failing.
C.You have poorer memory.
D.You always feel tired.
4.It is possible that the article is taken from .
A.a middle school textbook
B.a travel guide
C.a magazine on health
D.an ad in the newspaper
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文,阐述了不同年龄段的人每晚需要多长时间的睡眠以及睡眠不足有哪些表现。文章最后提出要想睡眠好,多锻炼,少玩电脑。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…adults should get seven to eight hours of sleep. Teenagers need nine to ten hours.”可知,青少年需要的睡眠时间要比成人多些,故选C。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据上文“These people have trouble falling and staying asleep through the night. From middle age on, these problems only get worse”可知,这部分人整夜睡眠有问题,从中年开始,这个问题愈加严重;又根据bad和health可推测对健康有影响,
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故effect意为“影响”,与influence同义。
3.D 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知睡眠不好会导致记忆力差、经常有饥饿感、视力下降,没有提到感觉疲劳,故选D。
4.C
B
Earthquakes are common on earth.They shake below the earth surface(表面)thousands of times every day.Sometimes they do great harm(伤害)to human beings.So it's quite necessary for everyone to learn some knowledge about them.Here are some tips which are useful to you.
Safety Tips：
◆Know how to turn off your gas and water.
◆Look for a place in each room so that you can hide when the earthquake happens.
◆Keep a bottle of water around you when you are sleeping.
If earthquake begins：
◆Take a cover under a desk or table.
◆Stay indoors until the shaking stops or you're sure it's safe.
◆Stay away from bookcases or furniture that can fall on you.
◆Stay away from windows.In a highrise building，expect the fire alarms to go off during a quake.
◆If you are outdoors，find a clear spot away from buildings，trees，and power lines.Drop to the ground.
◆If you are in a car，slow down and drive to a clear place.Stay in the car until the shaking stops.
( )1. According to the passage，we know that earthquakes ______.
A．are not common on earth B．shake below the earth surface
C．only do great harm to humans D．come to us many times every day
( )2. When you are sleeping，you'd better ______.
A. keep a bottle of water around B. look for a place in each room
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C. know how to turn off your gas and water D. take a cover under a desk or table
( )3. If the earthquake begins，you can get ______ tips to help you from this passage.
A. 3 B. 4
C. 5 D. 6
( )4. If you are outdoors，you can't ______when the earthquake begins.
A. find a clear spot away from buildings B. find a clear spot away from trees
C. drop to the ground D. go into a high building
( )5. What's the best title of this passage?
A. Earthquakes Are Common B. How Does the Earthquakes Happen
C. Safety Tips About Accident D. What to Do When the Earthquake Happens
参考答案1～5 B A D D D
C
（2019中考日常生活类训练）
Zinc(锌) is one of about 20 elements(元素) necessary for good health. It is present in the body in a very small amount, but it makes it possible for important chemical actions to be carried out in cells. Scientists are just beginning to discover how zinc and other elements work.
Researchers first studied zinc as a way to speed recovery. Dr. Waltor Powys formerly with the United States Air Force, noted that the laboratory animals recovered faster when some matters were added to their food. One of these matters was zinc. Dr. Powys later tested the zinc treatment on an American airman recovering from medical operations. The airman who received zinc sulphate(硫酸锌) recovered in half of the usual time. Other doctors studied persons who had a number of strange disorders. The doctors learned that all of these problems were caused by lack of zinc in the body. They treated these disorders successfully by giving the patients zinc sulphate.
The amount of zinc in the body can be found by examining blood and hair. A lack of this important element is not uncommon among people in both industrial and developing countries. Zinc is found in most high protein(蛋白质) foods such as meat, milk, fish and eggs. It is also found in whole grains. But many people do not
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eat enough of these food. Food markets should add these elements so that more people could get needed amount of these necessary matters.
1．One of the functions of zinc is that it can ________.
A．make people's bones stronger
B．help people recover faster
C．be good for people's memory
D．change people's sleep for the better
2．How can the amount of zinc in the body found?
A．by examining blood and hair.
B．by checking tears and sweat.
C．by taking people's temperatures.
D．by testing people's blood pressure.
3．To get enough zinc, people should eat foods that contain ________.
A．a lot of fibre B．high fat
C．much protein D．many vitamins
4．Which of the following statements is true?
A．People need a large amount of zinc to be healthy.
B．Zinc must be used in the course of medical operation.
C．Zinc allows important chemical actions to take place in cells.
D．Scientists added only zinc to the foods that the laboratory animals ate.
参考答案1B 2A 3 C 4C
二、语法选择。
阅读下面短文，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Ma Yun became one of 1 men in China when his company Alibaba went on the stock market last year with a value of around 140 billion --- the largest public offering in history. Here are some stories about him 2 to success.
Ma made his 3 trip to the US in 1995 and used the Internet for the first time. After 4 “beer”, he saw that no results came up about China. Then he
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searched for “China” and still saw no results. He decided 5 a Chinese website --- the seed for Alibaba was sown (播种)。
Ma said he 6 many times in his life. He failed the College Entrance Examination in China three times and 7 companies offered him jobs, including one at KFC. And he was refused by the famous Harvard University 10 times.
8 was difficult to learn English when Ma was a teenager 9 limited resources. 10 , he found that he could learn English well by giving tourists free guides around his hometown Hangzhou. And he kept it 11 nine years. Ma said 12 a new world for him because everything they said and did was so different for what he had been taught at school and by his parents.
Ma’s hero is Forest Gump 13 never gives up. When he made a speech about his 14 at Davos (达沃斯论坛) in 2015, Ma said, “Life is like a box of chocolates because you never know what you 15 .”
( ) 1.
A. rich
B. richer
C. richest
D. the richest
( ) 2.
A. on the way
B. in the way
C. by the way
D. at the way
( ) 3.
A. one
B. once
C. first
D. the first
( ) 4.
A. search for
B. searching for
C. searched for
D. searching
( ) 5.
A. to set out
B. to set up
C. to set off
D. to set down
( ) 6.
A. refuses
B. refused
C. is refused
D. was refused
( ) 7.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
( ) 8.
A. This
B. It
C. That
D. Those
( ) 9.
A. as
B. since
C. because of
D. because
( ) 10.
A. But
B. So
C. However
D. And
( ) 11.
A. since
B. for
C. in
D. after
( ) 12.
A. that tourists opens up
B. if tourists opened up
C. that tourists will open up
D. that tourists opened up
( ) 13.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. which
( ) 14.
A. succeed
B. success
C. successful
D. successfully
( ) 15.
A. get
B. have got
C. are going to get
D. are getting
参考答案1—5：DACBB 6—10：DABCC 11—15：BDABC
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三、短文首字母填空。
（2019中考选练）
I’m sure you all know how important recycling is. Recycling is when you collect old things and turn them into new things. It sounds like magic. B 1 in fact it’s very scientific.
How it all works? The first thing is to collect items that can be recycled. Soda cans are made out of metal. Some bottles of juice are made out of g 2 . Magazines and newspapers are made out of paper. Bags are made out of plastic. Many o 3 old things can be recycled，too.
Let’s get back to the process（过程）of recycling. Once you put all your items in a recycling factory. There，the materials get separated. They go into d 4 piles. There are special machines that crush（挤压变形）each pile together. The materials c 5 into square cubes（立方体）. They are really heavy. It is h 6 for humans to carry them. Companies buy these cubes and turn them into n 7 products.
Now let’s take a closer look at how old paper is transformed（改变形态）. First the paper is torn（撕）into tiny p 8 . Then a special water with chemicals is poured onto them. The fibers start to stick together. In time，a completely new roll of paper is c 9 ! If there were things written or printed on the first paper，they disappear.
Recycling keeps our planet healthy. It reduces waste and saves money. It a 10 saves energy. You can do your part. So just remember the golden rule：always recycle your products!
参考答案
1.But 2.glass 3.other 4.different 5.change
6.hard 7.new 8.pieces 9.completed 10.also
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