2019中考英语短文语法选择、首字母、阅读题金新选（7）
一、阅读理解。
A
（2019中考科普环保类选练）
The world is not only hungry but also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70%of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97%of that is sea water or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%of fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground and so on. And we can not even use all of that because some of it has been made dirty.
Earth Day is April 22. But on all other days, we must also remember how important water is. The water that we use is the most important natural resource on the earth. Today we face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too.
How do cars and factories make our water dirty? First they pollute the air. Then when it rains, the rain water makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain（酸雨）, is also bad for plants, animals and buildings. Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough dean water. We have to learn how to stop wasting water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water i~ used only once and then sere out into a sewer system（下水道）. From there it returns to the sea or goes underground.
But even though every large city reused its water, we would still not have enough. So we should make use of sea water by removing the salt in it. If we can take these steps, fresh water won't be used up.
1. The world is thirsty for water because______.
A．we don't have enough fresh water
B．a lot of water goes into sewer systems
C．only 70% of the earth's surface is water
7
D．sea water is widely used rather than fresh water
2. The underlined word "face" means"______".
A．turn the face down B．turn the face up
C．turn the face to D．turn the face back
3. From this passage, we know acid rain________.
A．is only bad for living things
B．is not bad for buildings and factories
C．can be produced in factories
D．is bad for people, animals, plants and buildings
4. One difficult way we can solve the problem is to ______.
A．use the water with salt in it B．remove the salt from sea water
C．get water from underground D．reuse the water in cities
5. What is the best title for this passage?
A．Fresh water and sea water B．A thirsty country
C．The importance of water D．The world's water problem
参考答案ACDBD
B
Different countries have many different kinds of climate (气候)．And in one big country people in different areas may often have different kinds of climates as well.
The United States has many different kinds of climate.On the northwest coast (海岸)，the temperature changes very little between summer and winter.It is not hot or cold all the year around.But the people in the north central states have a very different kind of climate.In those states，people wear light clothes in summer，and in winter they
7
need to wear heavy woolen clothes.
In the southwest coast of the United States，temperatures in summer are very different from those in winter.Summer is usually hot，and winter is usually cold.In spring the temperatures are warm，and in fall temperatures are cool.Many years ago，people in the cold parts of the United States didn't often get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits during the summer.Today，however，trucks and trains carry fruits and vegetables very quickly to the cold parts of the United States.In this way，Americans“send their climates”to people in other states.
( )6. The summer and winter temperatures are almost the same ______.
A. in the northeast of the United States B. on the north central states
C. in the west of the United States D. on the northwest coast
( )7. In the north central states people wear ______ clothes in summer and ______clothes during the winter.
A. silk; light B. light; heavy wollen
C. wool; cotton D. wool; silk
( )8. The word “temperature”in this passage means “______” in Chinese.
A. 湿度 B. 脾气
C. 气候 D. 温度
( )9. Today people ______ can get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits.
A. in the north central states B. in every part of the United States
C. in the cold parts of the United States D. in the southwest part of the United States
( )10. From the passage we know that the climate of the United States ______.
A. is always very cold B. is warm in winter
C. is widely different D. changes very little between summer and winter
参考答案6～10 D B D C C
C
（2019年选练--科普环保类）
When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time.
Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the
7
earth’s atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earth’s atmosphere. As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.
The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.
This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。
1．What happens to the light from the stars we see when the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving?
A. It looks even brighter.
B. It looks as if it is bent.
C. It looks as if it is moving.
D. It looks like drops of rain.
2．Scintillation also happens on according to the passage.
A. rainy days B. shiny days
C. cloudy days D. windy days
3．What can you see when you drop a rock into the water?
A. The rock gets broken.
B. The rock becomes unclear.
C. The water becomes much polluted.
D. The water does not move anymore.
4．The underlined word “observe” means “ ”.
A. watch B. listen C. draw D. explain
7
5．Why is scintillation a problem for astronomers?
A. The stars never stay still.
B. It makes the stars too dark to see.
C. It makes astronomers feel too hot to work.
D. Astronomers cannot observe the stars clearly.
【参考答案】
1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．D
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了发生在大气中的一种重要的自然现象——交光现象，短文详细的介绍了这种现象的科学原理及其对宇航员工作的影响。
1．根据第二段As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.描述，可知它看起来好像在移动，故选C。
2．根据第三段The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, 描述，可知交光现象也可能发生在白天，故选B。
3．根据第三段You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.描述，可知石头变得看不清楚了。故选B。
4．联系上下文，可知此处指的是，由于他们不能清楚地观察到星星。故选A，观察。
5．根据最后一段This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. 描述，可知因此宇航员就不能清晰地观察星星了。故选D。
考点：科普类说明文阅读
点评：本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据。只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，就能顺利完成阅读。文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。
二、语法选择。
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C、D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
7
Last summer holidays, my classmates and I helped with a charity show. Its aim was to raise money for those children _1_ couldn’t go to school in poor areas. It was very meaningful for us to do it.
We did a lot for that. I felt happy when I _2_ to be the host. Though it was exciting, I was _3_ nervous because of the TV cameras that I couldn’t sleep all night. I knew that lots of people _4_ to watch the show, also there would be a large audience in _5_ front of the TV. As a few famous stars would come to the show, one of my duties _6_ to introduce each of them. I also had some _7_ things to do. So I often worked _8_ morning to night. It was hard work, _9_ I was happy. I practiced a lot before the show. I had to remember all the words and do _10_ right at the same time. At first, I thought I would never be able to do it better. I kept _11_ myself not to be nervous.
Slowly everything became easier. The big day came very fast. _12_ people came to the show. They donated money and materials. And the local business also gave _13_ a lot of support. How generous they are! After the show, we sent the donations to those poor children. Soon they wrote back. They were really grateful to us. I was very proud _14_ I could help them. I hope_15_ people will always help them.
1. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
2. A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen
3. A. very B. so C. too D. such
4. A. come B. will come C. coming D. would come
5. A. a B. an C. the D. /
6. A. is B. was C. are D. were
7. A. other B. others C. the other D. another
8. A. from B. in C. at D. on
9. A. or B. but C. and D. so
10. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
7
11. A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell
12. A. Hundred B. Hundreds of C . Hundred of D. Two hundreds of
13. A. we B. us C. our D. ourselves
14. A.of B. which C. what D. that
15 . A. many and many B. more and many C. more and more D. much and much
参考答案1—5 CDBDC 6—10 BAABD 11—15 BBBDC
三、短文首字母填空。
.根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限填一词。
Have you ever complained why life is so tiring? Does the sky sometimes seems d___1____to you? Well, friends, cheer up and smile all the time. If you see the world with your warm heart, you will find the whole world ____2___ to you.
On a sunny morning, you plan to have a walk to relax y__3____. Just before you go out, it s___4____starts to rain. Maybe you would feel very sad and start to complain about the weather. But dear friends, why not sit down and e___5_____ the free concert that the nature brings you? And with the timely rain, crops in the fields will grow better and farmers will have a good harvest.
A___6____everyone wants to succeed in what he tries to do; life isn’t a bed of roses. It’s very common to meet difficulties on the w____7____to success. In fact, difficulty isn't terrible. The real terrible thing is that we are afraid of it. Difficulty is l___8____a spring (弹簧). If you are w___9____, it will be strong. So when you meet difficulties, don't give up. Instead, you should face them with a smile.
Attitude(态度) d___100_____ everything. With an optimistic (乐观的) attitude, life is easy and pleasant.
1. _________ 2. _______ 3. ________ 4. _________ 5.__________
6. _________ 7. _______ 8. _________ 9. _________ 10. _________
【参考答案】
1. dark 2. smiling 3. yourself 4. suddenly 5. enjoy
6. Although 7. way 8. like 9. weak 10.decides
7
微信/支付宝扫码支付