Review of Units 3-4
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. speak,say,talk & tell
(1)speak 既可以作不及物动词也可以作及物动词,它的意思是“说、讲话”,作及物动词的时宾语是某种语言。
例如:My father is speaking. 我的爸爸在讲话。(不及物动词)
My sister can speak French. 我的姐姐会说法语。(及物动词)
(2)say是及物动词,它的意思是“说”,后面要有说的内容。
例如:I have to say sorry to the teacher. 我不得不向那位老师道歉。
Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗?
(3)talk意为:“交谈、谈论”,常作不及物动词。后面用介词to/with, 表示“与……谈话/交谈”;接介词about 时表示“谈论……”;接of时表示“谈到/起……”。
例如:What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?
Who are you talking with? 你在和谁谈话?
(4)tell的意思是“告诉、讲述”,经常用动词短语tell sb. sth. 表示“告诉某人某事”或tell sb. to do sth. 表示“告诉某人做某事”。
例如:Please tell your brother not to swim here. 请告诉你弟弟不要在这里游泳。
My grandmother often tells me some stories. 我的奶奶经常给我讲故事。
2. some&any
(1)some和any后面可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词,意思是“一些”。some一般用在肯定句,疑问句和否定句经常用any。例如:
Is there any food on the desk? 桌上有食物吗?
There are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。
(2)在表示希望对方给予肯定回答的一般疑问句中用some。例如:
Can you bring some things to school? 你能把一些东西带到学校吗?
(3)any可以用于肯定句中表示“任何”。 例如:
He likes any book in his father’s room.他喜欢他爸爸房间里的任何一本书。
3. many&much
(1)many 意为“许多,大量”。用来修饰可数名词的复数形式。与some相比较,many的数量更多一些,但是some既可以修饰可数名词的复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如:
There are some books on the table. 桌子上有一些书。
There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
We have many new books. 我们有许多新书。
(2)much 也是“许多,大量”的意思,但是只能修饰不可数名词。
例如:There is much meat in the fridge. 冰箱里有很多肉。
She makes much noise in the classroom. 她在教室里制造很多噪音。
4. few/a few; little/a little
(1)few/a few只能用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定,意为“没有,几乎没有”;a few表示肯定,意为“有几个,有一些”。例如:
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
(2)little/a little只能用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定,意为“没有,几乎没有”;a little
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表示肯定,意为“有一点,有一些”。例如:
There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
5. have to&must
(1)have to强调客观需要;must强调主观愿望。例如:
I must go now. 我现在必须走。
I have to finish my homework first. 我不得不先完成我的作业。
(2)must只用一般现在时;have to可以用各种时态。例如:
My sister had to learn how to make tea. 我姐姐不得不学习如何泡茶。
She must work hard. 她必须努力工作。
(3)have to 有人称和数的变化,但must 没有。例如:
My mother has to look after me when I am ill.
当我生病的时候我妈妈不得不照顾我。
She must tell him the truth. 她必须告诉他事实的真相。
(4)在否定结构中,don’t have to 表示“不必”; mustn’t表示“不允许,禁止”。例如:
You don’t have to tell him the news. 你不一定要把这个消息告诉他。(不必)
You mustn’t park your car here. 你不能把车停在这里。(禁止,不允许)
6. past&pass
(1)past 可以作介词,副词和形容词。作形容词时,意为“以前的, 过去的”;作介词时,通常用来表示时间,意为“迟于, 在……之后, 晚于”;作副词时,要和动词连用,意为“经过, 过 ,穿过”。例如:
These things happened in the past years. 这些事情都发生在过去的年代里。(past作形容词)
He gets up at a quarter past six every morning. 他每天早上六点过15分起床。(past作介词)
A car ran past at full speed. 一辆汽车以全速驶过。(past作副词)
(2)pass 作动词,意为“走过,经过,传递”,作“走过,经过”讲时,可以与“动词+past”互换。
它的过去式是passed,现在分词是passing,三单是passes。例如;
When will he pass your house?
= When will he run pass your house?
他什么时候从你家经过?
Jake passed the football quickly. 杰克传球迅速。
(3)这两个词都可以作名词,但是意思差别很大。past 意为“过去,往事,过去的事情 ”;pass意为“通行证, 许可证”。例如:
The past is past. Let us look ahead. 过去的事已成过去, 让我们向前看吧。
Tom gave him a free pass on the railway. 汤姆给了他一张火车免费乘车券。
7. shop&store
store 和 shop 都有商店的意思;但是,shop多用于英国,指规模较小,且买特定东西的店铺。而store多用于美国,指规模较大的百货商店等。
例如:butcher’s shop 肉店 barber’s shop 理发店
department store 百货商店 furniture store 家具店
8. free
(1)free 形容词,意为“免费的”。例如:
Here is your free lunch. 这是你的免费午餐。
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Your ticket is free. 你的票是免费的。
(2)free 作形容词还可以意为“自由的,有空的”。
Are you free tomorrow? 明天你有空吗?
I have some free time on weekends. 在周末我有些空闲的时间。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1给……买 __________ 2. no problem __________ 3.随便吃 __________
4. 为你点菜_________ 5. do my homework__________ 6. 空闲时间_________
7. 去购物__________ 8. 书店_________ 9. a few ________
10. have to _________
II. 根据句意及首字母提示写出所缺单词。
1. Jackie Chan is Michael's f______ actor.
2. My father is a d_______, he works in a hospital.
3. —Who are the old man and the old woman in the photo?
—They are my g_______.
4. Tomorrow we’ll have a picnic. Don’t f_________ to take some drinks with you.
5 — Can you speak Chinese, Helen?
—Yes. But a l________
6. These things happened in the p _______ years.
7. What do you usually do in your f_______ time?
8. Please look a________ your sister at home.
9. —What time do you get up in the morning?
—I get up at a q____ past six.
10. I’m in Grade 7 and my brother is in Grade 8. We are in d____ grades.
III. 选词填空。
1. There are ________ (many, much) people on the street.
2. She is new here; so she has ________ (few, a few) friends here.
3. Can you see ________ (some, any) birds in the tree?
4. We should ________ (say, tell, speak, talk)English in English class.
5. She usually gets up at half ________ (past, passed) six.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. buy....for 2. 没问题 3. help yourself / yourselves 4. take your order
5. 做我的家庭作业 6. free / spare time 7. go shopping 8. book shop
9. 一些,一点儿 10. 必须,不得不
II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. favorite 2. doctor 3. grandparents 4. forget 5. little
6. past 7. free 8. after 9. quarter 10. different
III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.many 2. few 3. any 4. speak 5. Past
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句式精讲
1. Could you help me with it?
(1)help sb. with sth.在某事上帮助某人 例如:
My maths teacher helps me with my maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。
(2)help 也可以作名词,作名词时常用于下列短语:
with one’s help= with the help of 在……的帮助下 例如:
With Mary’s help, I made rapid progress in English learning.
= With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learning.
在Mary的帮助下,我在英语学习方面进步很快。
2. What about you, Jane?
这个句式是用来询问消息或者提出建议的,其中的about是介词,后面要加名词或者动词-ing形式。
例如:What about going shopping? 去购物怎么样啊?
What about this skirt? 这条裙子怎么样啊?
【拓展】
how about意为“……怎么样?”,about是介词,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,即:
how about + sb./sth. (可接表示人或物的名词及代词)
how about + doing sth. 例如:
How about sitting in the garden? 在花园里坐坐怎么样?
I’m going to the park. How about you? 我要去公园,你呢?
How about your exam last week, Tom? Tom, 你上周考试怎么样?
3. What does your mother do?
英语中询问某人现在从事何种职业或做什么工作,常用句型“What do/does+某人+do?”。
例如:
— What do you do? 你是做什么工作的?(你的职业是什么?)
— I’m a doctor. 我是名医生。
— What does she do? 她的职业是什么?
— She is a teacher. 她是一名教师。
【拓展】询问职业的其他句型还有:
(1)What+be+某人?(一般不用第二人称)例如:
— What’s your brother? 你弟弟是做什么工作的?
— He’s a waiter. 他是一名服务员。
(2)What’s sb’s job? 例如:
— What’s your father’s job? 你爸爸的工作是什么?
— He is a worker. 他是一名工人。
(3)What+do/does+某人+want to be?(询问关于职业的打算)例如:
— What do you want to be? 你想做什么工作?
— I want to be a pilot. 我想成为一名飞行员。
4. How much is it?
(1)How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句?是用来询问东西(不可数名词)的多少。
例如:How much rice is there in the bag? 袋子里有多少米?
(2)How many + 可数名词 + 一般疑问句?是用来询问东西(可数名词)的多少。例如:
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How many desks are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少课桌?
(3)How long…?
1)how long意为“多长时间”,询问某一动作或状态持续了多久,故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如:
How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了?
2)how long还可用来询问长度。
How long is the river? 这条河多长?
5. What time is it now?
(1)这是一个用来询问什么时间做某事的常用句型,意思是“现在几点了?”。它的句式是“What+time+助动词do/does+主语+谓语动词原形+其他?”。当主语是三单时用does,其余人称用do。它经常用来询问具体的点钟,相当于对划线部分(表示具体时间的状语)提问。
例如:I usually have lunch at 12:00. (对划线部分提问)
我通常在12点吃午饭。
What time do you usually have lunch?
你通常什么时间吃午饭?
-What time does Rick eat breakfast? 里克什么时候吃早餐?
-He eats breakfast at seven o’clock. 他七点吃早餐。
(2)短语what time的意思是“几点”,它和when是同义词,都是对时间进行提问,但what time所问的时间范围比较小,一般用来提问比较精确的时间,回答的时候一般具体到几点。而when所问的时间范围比what time要大,回答的时候可以用几点钟,也可以是上午或者下午,甚至是哪一天、哪一年。
例如:-What time/When do you usually get up? 你通常什么时间起床?
-I usually get up at seven o’clock. 我通常七点起床。
-When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
-It’s May 10. 是5月10日。
(3)询问时间还可以用句型:
What’s the time now? = What time is it by your watch? =What’s the time by your watch? (你的手表)现在几点了?
回答别人询问几点可以用句型:“It+is+时间.”。
例如:It’s six. 现在六点了。
句式精练
I. 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。
1. 你通常几点起床?
________ ________ ________ you usually ________ ________?
2. 你妈妈是做什么工作的?
What _______ your mother _________?
3. 一起去购物怎么样?
________ _______ ________ _________ together?
4. 这双鞋多少钱?
________ ________ are this pair of shoes?
5. 先生,你点餐吗?
May I _________ ________ _________, sir?
6. 打扰了, 你的电话号码是多少?
________ me, what’s your _________ number?
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7. 这是我的小妹妹, 她在七年级二班。
This is my little sister. She is ________ ________ ________, Grade Seven.
8. —那个女人是谁?
—穿红色裙子的那个?她是李红的老师。
—________ is that woman?
—The ________ ________ a red dress? She is Li Hong’s teacher.
9. —你愿意和我共进午餐吗?
—是的, 我很乐意。
—Would you like ________ ________ lunch _________ me?
—Yes, I’d love to.
10. 你能帮助我学习英语吗?
Can you _______ me _______my English?
II. 按要求完成句子。
1. How do you like the shoes? (改为同义句)
What do you _________ ________ the shoes?
2. What is the price of your coat? (改为同义句)
________ ________ is your coat?
3. My penfriend lives in England. (对画线部分提问)
________ _______ your penfriend ________?
4. like, does, English, what, your, look, teacher (连词成句)
_____________________________________________
5. Helen is my friend. Amy is my friend, too.(合并为一句)
Helen and Amy _________ _________ my _________.
III. 从方框中选出适当的句子补全对话,有两项多余。
A. May I have her name?
B. Come in and please have a seat.
C. What does your mother do?
D. Sit down (请坐), please.
E. How old is she?
F. Where does she work?
G. How is your mother?
A: Mom, this is my new friend, Jim.
B: Welcome to our home, Jim. 1
C: Thanks. Wow, your home is very nice!
B: Thank you. 2 Jim, are you and Jeff in the same class?
C: No, but we’re in the same grade.
B: 3
C: She’s a nurse.
B: Oh, I’m a nurse, too. 4
C: She works at the People’s Hospital.
B: Me, too. 5
C: Sure. Her name is Tina Green.
B: Oh! It’s a small world(世界). Your mother and I are friends like you and Jeff.
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IV.选词填空。
从方框内所给词的适当形式填空。每个词只能用一次。
have, relax, tomato, she, nine
1.September is the ______month of the year(年).
2.She __________P.E. on Thursday every week.
3.How much are the__________?.
4. Mary lost ____keys in the classroom.
5. I like listening to music. It’s ____.
参考答案
I. 根据汉语提示,完成英语句子(每空一词)。
1. What time do, get up 2. does, do 3. How about going shopping 4. How much
5. take your order 6. Excuse; telephone/phone 7. in Class Two 8. Who; one in
9. to have; with 10. help, with
II. 按要求完成句子。
1.think of 2.How much 3.Where does live 4.What does your English teacher look like?
5. are both, friends
III. 从方框中选出适当的句子补全对话,有两项多余。
1-5:BDCFA
IV.选词填空。
1. ninth 2.has 3.tomatoes 4.her 5. relaxing
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