八年级英语上册全册词汇与语法基础训练(共8套牛津版)
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Unit 7 Seasons 知识精讲 一、必背词汇 foggy adj. 有雾的,多雾的 rainy adj. 有雨的 snowy adj. 有雪的 butterfly n. 蝴蝶 shower n. 阵雨;阵雪 memory n. 记忆,回忆 stream n. 小河,溪流 shade n. 阴凉处,树荫处 pile n. 堆 upon prep. (=on)在……之上 harvest vt. & vi. 收割,收获 crop n. 庄稼,收成 as conj. 当……时;随着 temperature n. 温度 drop vi. & vt. 下降,落下 rise vi. 上升;升起 kick vt. 踢 3‎ fever n. 发烧 cough vi. 咳嗽 land n. 陆地 exciting adj. 激动人心的 throw vt. 扔,投,掷 snowman n. (pl. snowmen ) 雪人 scream vi. & vt. 尖叫,惊呼 everywhere adv. 到处 bet vt. & vi. 打赌;敢说 shine n. 光亮,光泽 cause vt. 引起,使发生 awful adj. 糟糕的,很坏的 wind n. 风 around adv. 大约 snowstorm n. 暴风雪 sunshine n. 阳光 rest n. 其余的部分(人)‎ degree n. 度数 bit n. 一点,少量 blow vi. & vt. 吹;刮 3‎ loud adv. 大声地 ring vt. & vi. 给……打电话;响起铃声 sleepy adj. 困倦的;瞌睡的 shiny adj. 光亮的;反光的 sudden adj. 突然的 snowball n. 雪球 fight n. 打仗(架)‎ deep adj. 深的 frozen adj. 结冰的 3‎ 二、重点词汇 ‎1. as adverb & preposition & conjunction /æz/‎ ‎1). adv. used in comparisons to refer to the degree of something:‎ 和……一样 例句:‎ She’ll soon be as tall as her mother.‎ 她马上就和她妈妈一样高了。‎ It’s not as good as it used to be.‎ 它不像以前那样好了。‎ ‎2). Prep. used to describe the purpose or quality of someone or something 以…的身份;作为 例句:‎ She works as a waitress.‎ 她是名服务员。‎ I meant it as a joke.‎ 这话我只是当玩笑讲的。‎ ‎3). conj. ‎ ‎(1). because 因为,由于 例句:‎ As it was getting late, I decided to book into a hotel.‎ 因为天色已晚,我决定找家旅馆投宿。‎ You can go first as you’re the oldest.‎ 你可以第一个去,因为你年纪最大。‎ ‎(2). during the time that 当…时;在…的同时;随着 例句:‎ I saw him as I was coming into the building.‎ 我进楼时看到了他。‎ He gets more attractive as he gets older.‎ 随着年龄的增长,他变得愈发有魅力。‎ ‎2. rise verb /raɪz/‎ ‎1). to move upwards 上升;升高;升起 例句:‎ The balloon rose gently (up) into the air.‎ 气球慢慢升入空中。‎ At ‎6 a.m. we watched the sun rise.‎ 我们在早晨6点钟观看了日出。‎ ‎2). to increase 增加,上涨,升高 例句:‎ The day after the explosion the death toll had risen to 90.‎ 爆炸发生的第二天,死亡人数已上升到90人。‎ The wind/storm is rising.‎ 风/暴风雨越来越猛烈。‎ ‎3. exciting adjective /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/‎ making you feel excited 令人兴奋的;使人激动的;刺激 例句:‎ It was a really exciting match.‎ 这的确是一场扣人心弦的比赛。‎ The end of the movie was much more exciting than I’d expected.‎ 电影的结尾比我想象的要使人激动得多。‎ ‎4. memory noun /ˈmeməri/‎ ‎1). the ability to remember information, experiences, and people 记忆力,记性 例句:‎ After the accident he suffered from loss of memory loss.‎ 事故发生之后,他丧失了记忆力。‎ She has an excellent memory for names.‎ 她特别善于记名字。‎ ‎2). something that you remember from the past 记忆,回忆 例句:‎ I have vivid memories of that evening.‎ 我对那晚仍记忆犹新。‎ School is just a distant memory for me now.‎ 学校生活现在对我来说只是一种遥远的往事了。‎ ‎5. sudden adjective /ˈsʌdən/‎ happening or done quickly and without warning 突然的,忽然的;意外的 例句:‎ He had a sudden heart attack while he was on holiday.‎ 他度假时心脏病突然发作。‎ I’d strongly advise against making a sudden decision.‎ 我强烈建议不要做出突然的决定。‎ 三、必背短语 ‎1. look cool 看起来很酷 2. with nothing on 一丝不挂的(地),赤裸的(地)‎ ‎3. the best time 最佳时机 4. full of 充满 ‎5. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 6. far away 遥远的 ‎7. drop below zero 降到零度以下 8. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 ‎9. turn brown 变成棕色 10. fall down 跌倒;倒塌 ‎11. from morning till night 从早到晚 12. have a high fever 发高烧 ‎13. cough a lot 咳嗽严重 14. kick a ball 踢球 ‎15. a bit 一点儿 16. the rest of 其他的 ‎17. this time of year 一年中的这个时候 四、经典句型 ‎1. …is my favourite season.‎ ‎……是我最喜欢的季节。‎ ‎2. I love…because…‎ 我喜欢……因为……‎ ‎3. The temperature is usually…‎ 气温通常……‎ ‎4 It is often sunny…‎ 经常是晴天……‎ ‎5 During this season, you can…‎ 在这个季节,你能……‎ ‎6 My friend and I often…‎ 我和我的朋友经常……‎ 三点剖析 一、考点 ‎1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。‎ ‎2. 动词及五种基本句型 S+V 主谓结构 S+V+O 主谓宾结构 S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾结构 S+V+P 主系表结构 S+V+DO+OC 主谓宾宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;IO=间接宾语;DO=直接宾语;OC=宾语补足语 ‎1). 主语+不及物动词(S+V)‎ 例句:‎ The teacher left. 老师离开了。‎ All the children laughed. 所有的孩子都笑了。‎ ‎2). 主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)‎ 例句:‎ Everyone likes him. 大家都喜欢他。‎ We study English and French. 我们学习英语和法语。‎ ‎3). 主语+(双宾)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)‎ 在英语中常跟双宾语的动词有:‎ give/show/send/pass/bring sb. sth.‎ ‎=give/show/send/pass/bring sth. to sb.‎ buy/make sb. sth.‎ ‎= buy/make sth. for sb.‎ 例句:‎ He told us a story. 他给我们讲了个故事。‎ He showed me his new radio. 他给我看他的新收音机。‎ ‎4). 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)‎ 常见的系动词有:be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, become, turn等。‎ 例句:‎ She is Peter’s sister. 她是彼得的妹妹。‎ That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。‎ ‎5). 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+DO+OC)‎ 常作宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。常见的可接宾语补足语地动词有:make, keep, find, call等。‎ 例句:‎ The news made her sad. 这消息使她很生气。‎ I find English grammar very difficult. 我发现英语语法很难。‎ 例题:‎ ‎1. “The volunteers bought the school some books.” This sentence’s structure is “_________”.‎ A. S+V B. S+V+P C. S+V+O D. S+V+IO+DO ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词基本句型。根据动词句型相关知识点动词buy后有两个宾语,符合 ‎“主语+(双宾)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”这个句型,故选D。‎ ‎2. The cloth _________ very soft and comfortable.‎ ‎ A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词主系表结构中系动词用法。根据句意:这件布料摸起来既柔软又舒服。smell, 闻起来,taste,尝起来,feel,摸起来,sound,听起来,故选C。‎ 二、易错点 ‎1. below和under ‎1).below指位置低于某物或在某物的下方,但不一定在某物的正下方,其反义词是above;below还可以指价值、地位、等级、温度等“低于……”,也可以表示“在下游”。‎ 例句:‎ Where shall I write the number, on, above, or below the line?‎ 我把号码写在哪儿,压线,线上,还是线下?‎ I am below him in rank. 我的职位比他低。‎ Did you see the boat below the bridge?‎ 你看见桥下游的船了吗?‎ ‎2). under指在某物的正下方,有垂直在下的意思,其反义词是over;under还可以用于抽象的东西,意为“在……(领导、管辖、统治等)之下”。‎ 例句:‎ What’s under the bridge? 桥底下有什么?‎ Under the wise leadership of the Party we are marching forward.‎ 在党的英明领导下,我们正在向前迈进。‎ ‎3). 表示数量多少时,两者可以通用。‎ 例句:‎ He is below/under fifty. 他不到五十。‎ 例题:‎ 用below或under填空:‎ ‎1. The temperature remained _________ freezing all day.‎ ‎2. He had a sick book _________ his arm.‎ ‎3. We can’t sell it _________ 100 yuan.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1. below ‎2. under ‎3. below/under ‎【解析】考查below和under的区分。根据两词的具体用法选择适当的词填空。‎ ‎2. few, a few, little, a little 词条 词义 用法 few 很少的;几乎没有的 表示否定含义,用来修饰名词复数 a few 少数的;有几个 表示肯定含义,用来修饰名词复数 little 很少的;稍许 表示否定含义,用来修饰不可数 a little 少量的;一点儿 表示肯定含义,用来修饰不可数名词、形容词、及比较级 例句:‎ There is little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有牛奶。‎ There is a little water in the cup. 杯子里面有一点水。‎ He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。‎ There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。‎ 例题:‎ Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have _________ time left.‎ A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查few, a few,little和 a little的区分。根据句意:快点,孩子们!校车要来了,我们几乎没有时间了。few“几乎没有”,修饰可数名词复数;a few“一些”,修饰可数名词复数;little“几乎没有”,修饰不可数名词;a little“一点点”,修饰不可数名词。time 为不可数名词,结合句意“校车快来了”可知,这里用little。故选C。‎ 题模精选 题模一:Unit 7 词汇应用 例‎1.1.1‎ ---Was there much _________ in Nanjing last week?‎ ‎---Yes. It snowed a lot.‎ A. snows ‎ B. snowy ‎ C. snowed ‎ D. snow 例‎1.1.2‎ 根据括号提示填空 ‎1). How is the _________ (天气) in Australia.‎ ‎2). It will be _________ (wind) in Sanya tomorrow.‎ 题模二:动词基本句型 例‎1.2.1‎ When the teacher asked the shy girl to answer the question, her face _________ red.‎ A. seemed ‎ B. looked ‎ C. turned ‎ D. appeared 例‎1.2.2‎ 根据中文提示完成句子 ‎1). 在炎热的夏日,我很少出去。‎ I seldom go out _________ _________ _________ _________.‎ ‎2). 乌云密布,太阳都被遮起来了。‎ The _________ became _________ and they _________ _________ _________.‎ 随堂练习 随练1.1 ---What a heavy rain! Will it last long?‎ ‎---I’m afraid so. We’re getting into the _________ season now.‎ A. rain ‎ B. rainy ‎ C. snow ‎ D. snowy 随练1.2 Linda is not good at Chinese, but she passed the exam _________ the help of her classmates.‎ A. with ‎ B. under ‎ C. on ‎ D. behind 随练1.3 In my hometown, lots of trees are _________ green leaves all year round.‎ A. full with ‎ B. full of C. all with ‎ D. all of 随练1.4 根据括号提示完成句子 ‎1. Look at the dark _________ (云). I’m afraid it’s going to rain soon.‎ ‎2. Don’t _________ (踢) the ball in the street.‎ ‎3. What a _________ (糟糕的) day!‎ ‎4. Autumn is my _________ (最喜欢的) season.‎ ‎5. The _________ (leaf) of these trees stay green all year round.‎ ‎6. Many sweet _________ (memory) came to me when I saw the photos.‎ ‎7. It is _________ (excite) to have a big snowball fight.‎ ‎8. It is going to rain. Don’t _________ (forget) to take an umbrella.‎ 随练1.5 “This news made me feel sad.” is a kind of _________ structure.‎ A. S+V+O ‎ B. S+V+DO+OC C. S+V+P ‎ D. S+V+IO +DO 随练1.6 My mum bought me a birthday present. Here, the sentence structure is the same as _________.‎ A. He likes English very much.‎ B. The ice cream tastes good.‎ C. They offered Jack some help.‎ D. My friends have some work to do.‎ 自我总结 课后作业 作业1 Students at Green High School often _________ books from their school library and can _________ them for a week.‎ A. borrow; keep ‎ B. lend; keep C. borrow; borrow ‎ D. keep; borrow 作业2 He is busy _________ at school, but he never forgets _________ his mom a phone call every day.‎ A. working; giving ‎ B. work; give C. working; to give ‎ D. work; to give 作业3 In cold winter , the temperature in Harbin often remains _________ zero all day.‎ A. above ‎ B. below ‎ C. over ‎ D. under 作业4 This piece of music _________ him _________ one of the most popular singers.‎ A. makes; becomes ‎ B. provide; become C. made; became ‎ D. made; become 作业5 根据中文提示完成句子 ‎1. 秋天树叶成堆落在院子里。‎ In autumn, _________ _________ _________ _________ piles in the yard.‎ ‎2. 看,整个城市都被白雪覆盖了。‎ Look, white snow _________ _________ _________ _________.‎ ‎3. 冬天,松鼠喜欢在树洞里躲避寒冷。‎ In winter, squirrels like to _________ _________ the cold in tree holes.‎ ‎4. 外面下雨了,但是我和哥哥在家里玩得很开心。‎ It is _________ outside, but I _________ _________ my brother happily at home.‎ ‎5. 杰克感冒很严重,所以他必须去看医生。‎ Jack _______ _________ _________ _________, so he must go to see the doctor.‎ 作业6 _________ fine weather it is! Let’s fly a kite.‎ A. How a ‎ B. What a ‎ C. How ‎ D. What 答案解析 题模精选 题模一:Unit 7 词汇应用 例‎1.1.1‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查词汇及there be句型。根据there be句型,此处应填名词,并且snow为不可数名词,故选D。‎ 例‎1.1.2‎ ‎【答案】 1). weather ‎2). windy ‎【解析】 考查本课重点核心词汇,根据提示和语境,填出相应单词及其适当形式。‎ 题模二:动词基本句型 例‎1.2.1‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查动词基本句型主系表结构。根据句意:当老师叫那个害羞的女孩回答问题的时候,她的脸变红了。turn red“变红”,故选C。‎ 例‎1.2.2‎ ‎【答案】 1).on hot summer days ‎2). clouds; dark; covered the sun ‎【解析】 考查本课重点短语和句型,注意单复数和固定搭配。‎ 随堂练习 随练1.1‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查词汇运用。根据句意:我们现在正进入雨季。此空需要一个形容词修饰名词season,故选B。‎ 随练1.2‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查固定搭配。根据句意:琳达不擅长汉语,但是在同学们的帮助下,她通过了考试。固定短语with the help of sb.“在某人的帮助下”,故选A。‎ 随练1.3‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查固定搭配。根据句意:在我的家乡,许多树都四季常青。固定短语be full of“充满”,故选B。‎ 随练1.4‎ ‎【答案】 1. clouds ‎2. kick ‎3. awful ‎4. favourite ‎5. leaves ‎6. memories ‎7. exciting ‎8. forget ‎【解析】 考查本课重点词汇。根据提示填出对应单词,注意词的正确形式。‎ 随练1.5‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查动词基本句型。This news是主语,made是谓语动词,me为直接宾语,feel sad是宾语补足语,故选B。‎ 随练1.6‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查动词基本句型。划线部分句子结构为:S+V+IO +DO ‎,与选项C的句子结构一样,故选C。‎ 课后作业 作业1‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查词汇辨析。borrow表示“借入”,通常与from连用;lend表示“借出”,通常与to连用;keep表示“保留”,是延续性动词。由for a week 可知第二空所填动词为keep。故选A。‎ 作业2‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查固定短语。be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”;forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事”,forget doing sth.忘记做过某事。故选C。‎ 作业3‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查词义辨析。根据句意:在寒冷的冬天,哈尔滨的气温通常保持在零度以下。below zero为零度以下,故选B。‎ 作业4‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查固定短语。根据句意:这首曲子让他成了最受欢迎的歌手之一。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”。又根据this piece of music为第三人称单数,故选D。‎ 作业5‎ ‎【答案】 1. tree leaves fall into ‎2. covers the whole city ‎3. hide from ‎4. raining; play with ‎5. caught a bad cold ‎【解析】 考查本课中重点表达,注意时态,固定搭配和单复数问题。‎ 作业6‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查感叹句型。感叹句的基本机构分为两种:what + (a/ an) + adj. + n. + 主语+谓语!How + adj./adv. +主语+谓语!本句中weather为不可数名词,不能用冠词,故选D。‎

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