Unit 8 Natural disasters
知识精讲
一、必背词汇
disaster n. 灾难；不幸，祸患
mop vt. 用拖把擦干净
up adv. 完全地
earthquake n. 地震
accident n. 事故，意外的事
coach n. 长途汽车
crash vi. & vt. 猛撞；碰撞
flood n. 洪水，水灾
village n. 村庄，乡村
lightning n. 闪电
storm n. 风暴，暴（风）雨
thunder n. 雷，雷声
slight adj. 轻微的
shake vi. & vt. 摇动，震动
loud adj. 响亮的；大声的；喧闹的
bomb n. 炸弹
fear n. 害怕，恐惧
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direction n. 方向
brick n. 砖，砖块
silent adj. 寂静的
nervous adj. 紧张不安的
heart n. 心脏
beat vi. & vt. （使）规律作响，作节奏运动
trapped adj. 困住的
mind n. 头脑
calm vi. & vt. （使）平静，（使）镇定
since conj. 由于，既然
still adv. 仍然
alive adj. 活着的
dark n. 黑暗
shout n. 呼喊，喊叫声
safe adj. 安全的
asleep adj. 睡着的
break vi. 损坏；打破
towel n. 毛巾，浴巾
rule n. 规则
railway n. 铁路
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pancake n. 烙饼，薄饼
burn n. 烧伤，烫伤，灼伤
board n. 木板
headache n. 头痛
toothache n. 牙痛
countryside n. 乡下, 农村
nearly adv. 几乎， 将近
clear vt. 清除，清理
shaking n. 摇动，震动
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二、重点词汇
1. break verb /breɪk/
1). to (cause something to) separate suddenly or violently into two or more pieces, or to (cause something to) stop working by being damaged
破碎，破裂；打破；打断；损坏，弄坏
例句：
The dish fell to the floor and broke.
碟子掉到地上摔碎了。
She fell and broke her arm.
她摔断了胳膊。
2). to destroy or end something, or to come to an end 毁坏，打破；结束，终结
例句：
Eventually someone spoke, breaking the silence.
最后终于有人开口打破了沉默。
She broke the record for the 5,000 meters.
她打破了5000米的纪录。
3). to interrupt or to stop something for a short period 打断；中断，中止
例句：
We usually break for lunch at 12.30.
我们通常12点半休息吃午饭。
The phone rang, breaking my concentration.
电话铃响了，打断了我的注意。
2. shake verb & noun /ʃeɪk/
1). v. to move backwards and forwards or up and down in quick, short movements, or to make something or someone do this 摇动；抖动；使颤动
例句：
A young boy climbed into the apple tree and shook the branches so that the fruit fell down.
一个男孩爬上苹果树，用力摇着枝条好让苹果掉下来。
She shook her hair loose from its ribbon.
她抖了抖头发，把丝带抖掉。
2). v. If you are shaking, your body makes quick short movements, or you feel as if it is doing so, because you are frightened or nervous. （因害怕或紧张而）打颤，发抖
例句：
She was shaking as she opened the letter.
她颤抖着拆开了信。
I was shaking like a leaf (= very nervous) before the test.
我考试前特别紧张。
3). n. an act of shaking something 摇动；抖动；震动
例句：
She gave the box a shake to see if there was anything inside it.
她摇了摇盒子，看里面有没有东西。
"No, no, no," he said with a shake of his head.
“不，不，不”，他摇着头说。
3. since adverb & preposition & conjunction /sɪns/
1). adv. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now
此后，从此
例句：
Emma went to work in New York a year ago, and we haven’t seen her since.
埃玛一年前去纽约工作了，自那时起我们就没有见过她。
He started working for the company in 1995, and has been there ever since.
他毕业后就开始为这家公司工作，在此之后他一直呆在那里。
2). prep. from a particular time in the past until a later time, or until now
自从……；从……以来
例句：
He hasn’t won a game since last year.
1966年以后，英格兰队就再没有拿过世界杯冠军。
It was the hottest October since records began.
这是有史以来最热的十月。
3). conj. because; as
因为；既然
例句：
Since we’ve got a few minutes to wait for the train, let’s have a cup of coffee.
既然等火车还需要几分钟，我们去喝杯咖啡吧。
Since she has lost weight that skirt bags on her.
因为她减肥了，她穿那条裙子显得太松垂了。
4. direction noun /daɪˈrekʃən/
1). the position towards which someone or something moves or faces
方向，朝向
例句：
He was going in the direction of the bedroom.
他正朝着卧室走去。
They drove away in opposite directions.
他们朝相反的方向驶去。
2). control or instruction 管理；控制；指挥；指导
例句：
I couldn’t understand the directions on the packet.
我看不懂包装盒上的说明。
The project was under the direction of a well-known academic.
这项工程是在一位著名学者的指导下进行的。
5. beat verb & noun /biːt/
1). v. to defeat or do better than 打败，战胜
例句：
Simon always beats me at tennis.
西蒙打网球总是赢我。
Holland beat Belgium (by) 3–1.
荷兰队3比1战胜比利时队。
2).v. to hit repeatedly （接连地）打，击
例句：
They saw him beating his dog with a stick.
他们看见他用棍子打他的狗。
Beat the drum.
打起鼓来。
3). v. to (cause to) make a regular movement or sound （使）跳动；使拍打；敲打
例句：
The doctor could feel no pulse beating.
医生感觉不到脉搏的跳动。
The hummingbird beats its wings at great speed.
蜂鸟高速振动翅膀。
4). n. a regular movement or sound, especially that made by your heart
（尤指心脏）连续的跳动（声）
例句：
I put my head on his chest but I could feel no heartbeat.
我把头贴近他的胸口，但感觉不到他的心跳。
They danced to the beat of the drums.
他们随着鼓声翩翩起舞。
6. silent adjective /ˈsaɪlənt/
1). without any sound 宁静的；寂静的
例句：
The empty house was completely silent.
那座空房子一片寂静。
It was four o’clock in the morning and the streets were as silent as the grave.
这是凌晨四点，伦敦如坟墓一样沉寂，十分安静。
2). without talking 沉默的；缄默的
例句：
Trish was silent because she was reluctant to put her thoughts into words.
特里希一言不发，因为她不愿意把她的想法说出来。
She and Ned sat silently for a moment, absorbing the peace of the lake.
她和内德默默地坐了片刻，享受着那湖泊的宁静。
三、必背短语
1. thousands of 许多；成千上万的 2. wash away 冲走；洗掉；忘却
3. crash into 闯入；撞到……上 4. fall from 从……落下
5. catch fire 着火 6. at first 起初；首先
7. in fear 害怕 8. run out of 用光，用尽
9. try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力 10. in all directions 四面八方；全面地
11. come down 下来，降落 12. not...at all 一点也不
13. calm down 平静下来 14. say to oneself 自言自语
15. find one’s way out 寻找解决方法 16. at last 最终，最后
17. the noise of ……之声 18. because of 因为，由于
19. as...as possible 尽可能…… 20. on fire 着火；起火
21. a loud noise like thunder 一声雷鸣般的巨响
四、经典句型
1. Then I heard a loud noise like…
然后我听到一声……般的巨响。
2. I tried my best to...
我尽最大的努力……
3. I could not see anything at all, and...
我什么都看不见，也……
三点剖析
一、考点
1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。
2. 过去进行时的用法
1). 定义
过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
2). 结构
was/were +doing (现在分词)
3). 用法
(1). 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
常用的时间状语：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
例句：
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
(2). 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。
例句：
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。
(3). 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
例句：
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报。（两个动作都是延续的）
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦车时我在做饭。（两个动作同时进行）
3. when，while和as在过去进行时中的用法
1). when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。
例句：
Sorry, I was out when you called me.
对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。
The students took notes as they listened.
学生们边听课边做笔记。
2). when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。
例句：
When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
While/ As we were dancing, a stranger came in.
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
3). 当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as这时，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
例句：
As the time went on, the weather got worse.
随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟了。
例题：
1. ---Sandy, the glass is broken. How did that happen?
---Sorry, Mum. I don’t know. I _________ outside.
A. play B. was playing C. have played D. am playing
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时。根据句意：——桑迪，这玻璃杯坏了，是怎样发生的？——对不起，妈妈，我不知道，我当时在外面玩。根据句意可知应该用过去进行时。故选D。
2. 用when，while，as填空
1).The teacher came in _________ the students were talking.
2). _________ was sleeping, my parents were watching TV.
3). _________ it grew darker, it became colder.
【答案】
1). when/ while/ as
2). While
3). As
【解析】考查过连词when，while，as的用法。根据相关用法填出对应连词即可。
二、易错点
loud，aloud和loudly
1. loud作副词时，常用比较级形式，意为“响亮地”或“高声地”，侧重发出的音量大，传得远，一股多用来修饰speak，talk，laugh等动词；作形容词时意为“大声的；响亮的”。
例句：
Speak louder, or I can’t hear you.
大点声，否则我听不见你说话。
The children made a loud noise downstairs.
孩子们在楼下大声喧哗。
2. aloud为副词，强调发出的声音能被听见，意为“出声地”或“大声地”。aloud作“出声地”讲时，主要与read连用；作“大声地”讲时，主要与call，shout，cry等词连用。
例句：
Please read the letter aloud so that everybody can hear.
请大声地把信读出来,让大家都能听见。
The boy is crying aloud.
那个男孩哭的声音很大。
3. loudly作副词，意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与loud相同，还常与ring，knock等动词连用，可指人的说话声、敲门声或其他各种声音，强调“声音高”。含有“喧闹”的意思。
例句：
Someone knocked loudly at the door.
有人大声敲门。
例题：
Suddenly the bell on the wall rang _________.
A. quiet B. aloud C. loudly D. quietly
【答案】C
【解析】考查词汇辨析。根据句意：突然墙上的铃突然想了起来。aloud意为“大声地”；loudly意为“响亮地”，故选C。
题模精选
题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用
例1.1.1 The girl felt so _________ that she fell _________ at the table.
A． sleepy; asleep
B． sleepy; sleepy
C． asleep; sleepy
D． asleep; asleep
例1.1.2 根据括号提示填空
1). There are many natural _________ (灾难) in the world every year.
2). A strong earthquake killed _________ (thousand) of people last year.
题模二：过去进行时
例1.2.1 I was writing a letter _________ she was making a telephone call.
A． while
B． when
C． before
D． as
例1.2.2 根据中文提示完成句子
1). 雷电总是跟在闪电后面，因为电的传播速度比声音快。
_________ _________ _________ _________ because light travels faster than sound.
2). 我们应该学习怎样在地震中保护自己。
We should learn _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
随堂练习
随练1.1 The man tried several times to start the car, and he _________ succeeded.
A． in the past
B． in the end
C． at first
D． at once
随练1.2 If there is any change to the plan, I will tell you as soon _________.
A． as possible
B． as impossible
C． as quick
D． as quickly
随练1.3 ---What’s wrong with you?
---I don’t feel well. I have _________.
A． toothache
B． headache
C． a headache
D． cold
随练1.4 根据括号提示完成句子
1. It is dangerous to travel by ship this week. There will be a _________ (暴风雨)on the sea.
2.There are lots of people in this _________ (村庄).
3. Don’t lose _________ (信心)when you fail. Cheer up and have another try.
4. My _________ (头脑) went empty when I heard the shocking news.
5. Without the help of the police, I wouldn’t be _________ (live) today.
6. The poor dog was _________ (trap) under the bricks and could do nothing but wait for help.
7. _________ (luck), we sent the boy to hospital in time and saved his legs.
8. Listen! Can you hear them _________ (shout) at each other? What is happening?
随练1.5 Jenny _________ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o’clock this afternoon.
A． is cooking
B． was cooking
C． cooks
D． cooked
随练1.6 The twins didn’t go to the theatre; they _________ the light music all night.
A． have enjoyed
B． will enjoy
C． are enjoying
D． were enjoying.
自我总结
课后作业
作业1 ---Is that a baby crying outside?
---No. It _________ a baby. But in fact, it is my neighbor’s cat.
A． looks like
B． sounds like
C． feels like
D． hears like
作业2 ---Does the child need any help?
---No. She is_________ to dress herself.
A． enough old
B． young enough
C． old enough
D． enough young
作业3 Last week a big flood _________ the village _________ and hundreds of people died.
A． put; away
B． ran; away
C． took; away
D． washed; away
作业4 _________ I got back, I found my mother cooking for me.
A． When
B． Before
C． since
D． Although
作业5 根据中文提示完成句子
1. 由于大雪，他们被困在汽车里了。
They were _________ in the car because of the _________ snow.
2. 当他的妈妈外出的时候，我将送他去上学。
I will _________ _________ _________ _________ when his mother is out.
3. 在那次事故中,他用手机打电话求救。
He _________ _________ _________ with his _________ _________ in that accident.
4. 如果你的手烧伤了，你应该把它放在冷水里10分钟左右。
If you burn your hand, you should _________ it _________ _________ _________ for about 10 minutes.
5. 我们应该采取有效措施来保护我们自己远离交通事故。
We should take effective measures to _______ _________ _________ _________.
作业6 ---I didn’t see you at the meeting yesterday. Why?
---I _________for an important telephone call at that moment.
A． wait
B． waited
C． am waiting
D． was waiting
答案解析
题模精选
题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用
例1.1.1
【答案】A
【解析】 考查词汇辨析。根据句意：这个女孩儿感到如此困倦以至于在桌子旁睡着了。feel sleepy表示“感到困倦的”，fall asleep表示“睡着了”，故选A。
例1.1.2
【答案】 1). disasters
2). thousands
【解析】 考查本课重点核心词汇，根据提示和语境，填出相应单词及其适当形式。
题模二：过去进行时
例1.2.1
【答案】A
【解析】 考查过去进行时连词辨析。根据句意：我在写信时她正在打电话。While并列连词，表示从句中谓语动词表示的动作与主句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，故选C。
例1.2.2
【答案】 1). Thunder always follows lighting
2). how to protect ourselves in an earthquake
【解析】 考查本课重点短语和句型，注意动词单复数和固定搭配。
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查短语辨析。根据句意：那个人次试图发动汽车，最后他成功了。in the past“在过去”；in the end“最后”；at first“起初”；at once“立刻，马上”，故选B。
随练1.2
【答案】A
【解析】 考查固定搭配。根据句意：如果计划有变，我会尽快告诉你。固定短语as soon as possible“尽可能快的”，故选A。
随练1.3
【答案】C
【解析】 考查固定搭配。根据句意：我感觉不舒服，我头疼。have a headache“头疼”，故选C。
随练1.4
【答案】 1. storm
2. village
3. heart
4. mind
5. alive
6. trapped
7. Luckily
8. shouting
【解析】 考查本课重点词汇。根据提示填出对应单词，注意词的正确形式。
随练1.5
【答案】B
【解析】 考查动词时态。根据句意：今天下午五点你打电话给詹妮时，她正在厨房做饭。根据when you called her at 5 o’clock this afternoon可知要用过去进行时，故选B。
随练1.6
【答案】D
【解析】 考查动词时态。根据句意：这对双胞胎没有去看戏，他们整晚都在听音乐。可知此处应该用过去进行时，故选D。
课后作业
作业1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查词汇辨析。根据句意：——那是一个婴儿正在外面哭吗？——不是，听起来像婴儿，但事实上那是我邻居家的猫，sound like“听起来像”符合题意，故选B。
作业2
【答案】C
【解析】 考查enough用法。根据句意：不，她已经足够大了，能自己穿衣服了。enough修饰形容词时常放在形容词之后，故选C。
作业3
【答案】D
【解析】 考查固定短语。根据句意：上周一场大洪水冲走了那座村庄，数百人死了。put away“放好”；run away“逃跑”；take away“带走”；wash away“冲走”，故选D。
作业4
【答案】A
【解析】 考查连词。根据句意：我回到家时，发现妈妈正在为我做饭。When“当……时候”；since“自从”；before“在……之前”；although“尽管”，故选A。
作业5
【答案】 1. trapped; heavy
2. send him to school
3. called for help; mobile phone
4. keep; in cold water
5. protect ourselves from traffic accidents
【解析】 考查本课中重点表达，注意时态，固定搭配和单复数问题。
作业6
【答案】D
【解析】 考查时态。根据句意：——昨天的会议上我没有看到你。为什么？——那时我在等一个重要的电话。因为等电话是昨天开会那段时间正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时，故选D。
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