八年级英语上册全册词汇与语法基础训练(共8套牛津版)
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Unit 6 Birdwatching 知识精讲 一、必背词汇 market n. 市场 hen n. 母鸡 crane n. 鹤 sparrow n. 麻雀 feather n. 羽毛 swan n. 天鹅 eagle n. 鹰 broad adj. 宽的,宽大的 wing n. 翅膀 type n. 种类 rare adj. 罕见的,稀有的 nature n. 大自然,自然界 wetland n. (尤指为野生动物保存的)湿地 provide vt. 提供 cover n. 庇护所 vt. 覆盖;包括 wildlife n. 野生动物 perfect adj. 极好的,完美的 3‎ round adv. 周围,绕一整圈;转过来 while conj. 然而 stay n. 停留,逗留 easily adv. 容易地,不费力地 percent n. 百分之……‎ space n. 空间 lead vi. & vt. 领导,带领 fisherman n. n. 渔民,钓鱼的人 government n. 政府 prevent vt. 防止,预防 record vt. 记录 tourist n. 旅行者,观光者 count vt. & vi. 计算(或清点)总数;数数 describe vt. 描述 understand vt. & vi. 理解,明白 importance n. 重要性 binoculars n. [复]望远镜 clearly adv. 清晰地 speaker n. 说话人;演讲者 tour n. 旅行 3‎ application n. 申请 form n. 表格;形式 address n. 地址 chairperson n. 主席 introduce vt. 介绍 natural adj. 自然的,天然的 society n. 协会;社会 bird-watching n. 观鸟 change n. 改变,变化 3‎ 二、重点词汇 ‎1. lead verb /liːd/‎ ‎1).v. to control a group of people, a country, or a situation 领导,带领,率领 例句:‎ I’ve asked Gemma to lead the discussion.‎ 我已请杰玛组织大家讨论。‎ I think we’ve chosen the right person to lead the expedition.‎ 我认为我们已经找到了带领这支探险队的合适人选。‎ ‎2). v. to show the way to a group of people, animals, etc. by going in front of them.‎ 带路,领路,引路 例句:‎ I don’t know the way, so you’d better lead.‎ 我不认识路,你最好在前面带路。‎ If you lead in the jeep, we’ll follow behind on the horses.‎ 如果你开吉普车带路,我们就骑马跟在后面。‎ ‎2. record verb & noun ‎1).v. /rɪˈkɔːd/ to store sounds or moving pictures using electronic ‎ equipment ‎ 录制;录(音);录(像)‎ 例句:‎ We recorded their wedding on video.‎ 我们给他们的婚礼录了像。‎ She recorded her first CD at the age of 12.‎ 她在12岁时录制了她的第一个CD。‎ ‎2). n. /ˈrekɔːd/ a piece of information of an event that is written on paper or stored on a computer 记录;记载 例句:‎ The weather centre keeps a record of the weather.‎ 气象中心对天气情况都备有记录。‎ This summer has been the hottest on record.‎ 今年夏天是有史以来最热的。‎ ‎3. prevent verb /prɪˈvent/‎ to stop something from happening or someone from doing something 阻止,妨碍;预防 例句:‎ Label your suitcases to prevent confusion.‎ 在你的手提箱上贴上标签以防弄混。‎ His disability prevents him (from) driving.‎ 他有残疾,不能开车。‎ ‎4. while conjunction & noun /waɪl/‎ ‎1). conj. during the time that, or at the same time as 在……的时候;与……同时 例句:‎ I read it while you were drying your hair.‎ 在你吹干头发的时候我读了它。‎ I thought I heard him come in while we were having dinner.‎ 我想在我们吃饭的时候我听见他进来了。‎ ‎2). conj. compared with the fact that; but 然而;但是 例句:‎ I do all the housework while he just does the dishes now and again.‎ 家务活我样样都得干,而他却只是偶尔刷刷碗而已。‎ He likes football, while I prefer rugby.‎ 他喜欢足球,但是我更喜欢橄榄球。‎ ‎3). n. a length of time 一会儿;一段时间 例句:‎ I only stayed for a short while.‎ 我就呆了一小会儿。‎ I haven’t seen him for a while (= for a long time).‎ 我已经很久没见到他了。‎ ‎5. application noun /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/‎ ‎1). an official request for something, usually in writing ‎(通常指书面的)申请,请求 例句:‎ I’ve sent off applications for four different jobs.‎ 我投寄申请4份不同工作的求职信。‎ Have you filled in the application form for your passport yet?‎ 你填写护照申请表了吗?‎ ‎2). a way in which something can be used for a particular purpose 用途,用法;应用 例句:‎ The design has many applications.‎ 这个设计有很多用途。‎ the application of this research in the treatment of cancer 将该研究成果应用于癌症治疗。‎ 三、必背短语 ‎1. go to the market 去市场 2 .provide…for… 给……提供……‎ ‎3. all year round 全年 4. for a short stay 短暂停留 ‎5. lead to 导致,通向 6. less and less 更少 ‎7. have enough food to eat 有足够的食物食用 8. write down 写下,记下 ‎9. cover an area of 占地面积 10. fly to 飞往,乘飞机去 ‎11. all over the world 全世界 12. take…with 带上 ‎13. introduce oneself 自我介绍 14. be interested in 对……感兴趣 ‎15. become a member of 成为一名成员 16. take part in 参加,参与 ‎17. call me on 给我打电话 18. email me at 给我发邮件 四、经典句型 ‎1. Do you like …?‎ 你喜欢……吗?‎ ‎2. It’s one of …‎ 它是……之一。‎ ‎3. The area provides…for…‎ 这个地区为……提供……‎ ‎4. Some people…in order to…‎ 一些人……为的是……‎ ‎5. This will lead to…‎ 这会导致……‎ ‎6. I think it is important for me to…‎ 我认为……对我来说很重要。‎ 三点剖析 一、考点 ‎1. 掌握本课核心词汇和固定搭配。‎ ‎2. 动词不定式作目的状语和宾语补足语用法 动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。‎ ‎1). 不定式短语作目的状语 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。例如:‎ I’ve written it down in order not to forget. 以防忘记我已经记下了。‎ He shouted and waved so as to be noticed. 他大声喊叫,挥手,以便引起注意。‎ ‎2). 作宾语补足语:‎ 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, tell, forget, advise等。‎ 复合宾语是由宾语和宾语补足语两部分组成。宾语补足语是表示宾语所代表的人或物所做的动作,或者和宾语有表语关系,表示状态、特性、身份等。复合宾语中的宾语和宾语补足语主要有下面几种类型:‎ ‎(1). 名词(或代词)+不定式 例句:‎ The teacher wants us all to become good pupils.‎ 老师希望我们成为好学生。‎ I didn’t expect you to arrive here so soon.‎ 我没有料到你会来得这么快。‎ ‎(2). 使役动词let, make, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at等,后面复合结构中的不定式不带to 例句:‎ They made the boy go to bed early.‎ 他们让那孩子早睡。‎ I didn’t hear anyone say anything about it.‎ 我没听见人谈过这事。‎ 例题:‎ ‎1. Mike went to the library _________ some books yesterday.‎ A. borrow B. to borrow C. borrows D. borrowed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据句意:昨天迈克去图书馆借了一些书。根据语境,故选B。‎ ‎2. You should ask Bob _________ his own clothes. He is ten years old now.‎ ‎ A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to ‎ wash ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。根据句意:你应该让鲍勃洗自己的衣服。现在他十岁了。ask sb. to do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,故选D。‎ 二、易错点 else和other ‎1.else用作副词。它的用法如下:‎ ‎1). else放在 something, anything, nothing,anyone,everyone 等复合不定代词之后。‎ 例句:‎ Who else can you see?‎ 你还能看见别的什么人吗?‎ ‎---What else do you want? 你还想要别的什么吗?‎ ‎---Nothing else. 别的什么也不要了。‎ Does anyone else know about it?‎ 还有别人知道这件事吗?‎ ‎2). else用作副词时通常放在疑问词when,where,how等的后面。‎ 例句:‎ Where else do you want to go?‎ 你想去别的什么地方吗?‎ When else can I meet you?‎ 我在其他什么时间可以与你见面?‎ ‎2. other 可作形容词,作形容词时,意为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。主要修饰名词,放在名词前面。‎ 例句:‎ Do you have any other questions? 你还有其他问题吗?‎ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧。‎ 例题:‎ ‎---_________ do you need for your trip?‎ ‎---_________. I have packed everything.‎ A. What else; Nothing else B. What else; Something else C. Who else; Nothing else D. Who else; Something else ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查else用法。根据句意:——你旅行还有什么需要的吗?——什么也不需要了,我已经打包好了所有东西。故选A。‎ 题模精选 题模一:Unit 6 词汇应用 例‎1.1.1‎ What do you want to buy _________ the market, Mum?‎ A. to ‎ B. in ‎ C. at ‎ D. on 例‎1.1.2‎ 根据括号提示填空 ‎1). My grandfather loves birds and he often goes _________ (观鸟) in the forest.‎ ‎2). That is a good place _________ (walk) the dog.‎ 题模二:动词不定式 例‎1.2.1‎ My parents often tell me _________ too much junk food because it’s bad for my health.‎ A. not eating ‎ B. not to eat C. eating ‎ D. eat 例‎1.2.2‎ 根据中文提示完成句子 ‎1). 为了更好地帮助这些鸟,我们在这里建了一个保护区。‎ We build a reserve here _________ _________ _________ _________ the birds better.‎ ‎2). 每年冬天,很多鸟飞到这个湖泊作短暂的停留,然后它们继续南飞。‎ Every winter, many birds fly to the lake‎ ‎‎_________‎ _________ _________ _________. And then they go on flying south.‎ 随堂练习 随练1.1 Kitty is _________ tomorrow.‎ A. going birdwatch ‎ B. going birdwatching C. go birdwatching ‎ D. go birdwatch 随练1.2 Those people don’t have _________ to live in.‎ A. space enough ‎ B. enough space C. spaces enough ‎ D. enough space 随练1.3 There are many fish in this lake, and the birds can catch _________ food.‎ A. they for ‎ B. them for C. them D. they to ‎ for ‎ 随练1.4 根据括号提示完成句子 ‎1. People should learn to share _________ (大自然) with all other living things.‎ ‎2. The Chinese _________ (政府) is doing much for the wild animals.‎ ‎3. I will take a notebook to _________ (记录) the birds I see.‎ ‎4. The snow _________ (覆盖) the land and all the trees are white.‎ ‎5. Let’s face the _________ (事实).‎ ‎6. The swallows _________ (fly) to northern countries in summer.‎ ‎7. We all know this lake is a _________ (the best) place for swans to spend cold winter.‎ ‎8. More and more people will understand the _________ (important) of saving birds.‎ 随练1.5 He lost his key. It made him _________ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.‎ A. to stay ‎ B. stayed ‎ C. stays ‎ D. stay 随练1.6 _________ energy, turn off the hot water after you take a shower.‎ A. Save ‎ B. Saving ‎ C. Saved ‎ D. To save 自我总结 课后作业 作业1 My _________ moved into the new _________ yesterday.‎ A. home; house ‎ B. family; house C. home; family ‎ D. house; home 作业2 Scientists know the number of the birds by _________.‎ A. do a bird record ‎ B. do a bird recording C. doing a bird record ‎ D. doing a bird recording 作业3 ---Lily, what did the man say just now?‎ ‎---Sorry, I didn’t hear him _________.‎ A. loudly ‎ B. clearly ‎ C. softly ‎ D. early 作业4 根据中文提示完成句子 ‎1. 游客们每年去扎龙是为了看鸟。‎ Visitors go to Zhalong every year _________ _________ birds.‎ ‎2. 我们想邀请更多的人加入我们的俱乐部。‎ We want to _________ more people _________ _________ our club.‎ ‎3. 观鸟俱乐部每年需要很多人帮忙数鸟。‎ The Birdwatching Club needs lots of people to _________ _________ _________ _________ every year.‎ ‎4. 孩子们迫不及待地想了解保护野生动物的重要性。‎ Children _________ _________ _________ _________ the _________ _________ _________ wild animals.‎ ‎5. 我对打排球感兴趣。‎ I _______ _________ _________ _________volleyball.‎ 作业5 _________, he eats fruit and vegetables and exercises every day A. to keep healthy ‎ B. In order to keep healthy C. keeping healthy ‎ D. both A and B 作业6 You should study hard. No one can _________ a good future _________ you.‎ A. provide; for ‎ B. provide; with C. keep; / ‎ D. offer; to have 答案解析 题模精选 题模一:Unit 6 词汇应用 例‎1.1.1‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查短语。根据句意:妈妈,你想在市场上买什么?根据短语at the market在市场上,故选C。‎ 例‎1.1.2‎ ‎【答案】 1). birdwatching ‎2). to walk ‎【解析】 考查本课重点核心词汇,根据提示和语境,填出相应单词。‎ 题模二:动词不定式 例‎1.2.1‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查动词不定式。根据句意:我的父母经常告诉我不要吃太多的垃圾食品,因为他对我的健康有害。主句的谓语动词tell构成的常见结构为tell sb. to do sth.或tell sb. not to do sth.故选B。‎ 例‎1.2.2‎ ‎【答案】 1).in order to help ‎2). for a short stay ‎【解析】 考查本课重点短语和句型。‎ 随堂练习 随练1.1‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查固定搭配。go birdwatching“去观鸟”,因为空格前有is,故动词用现在分词,这里be going 表将来,故选B。‎ 随练1.2‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查enough用法。enough修饰名词应放在名词之前,并且space作“空间”‎ 讲时是不可数名词。故选D。‎ 随练1.3‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查固定搭配。根据句意:湖里有很多鱼,鸟可以捕获鱼作食物。跟在动词catch后,应用宾格,故用them;捕鱼为食,用介词for,故选C。‎ 随练1.4‎ ‎【答案】 1. nature ‎2. government ‎3. record ‎4. covers ‎5. fact ‎6. fly ‎7. perfect ‎8. importance ‎【解析】 考查本课重点词汇。根据提示填出对应单词,注意词的正确形式。‎ 随练1.5‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查动词不定式作宾补。根据句意:他丢失了钥匙,这使他在寒冷中等待他的妻子的回来。make sb. do sth 表示“使某人做某事”,故选D。‎ 随练1.6‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据句意:为了节约能源,你淋浴后要关上热水。故选D。‎ 课后作业 作业1‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查词汇辨析。home指一个家庭共同生活的地方;family指家庭整体或家庭成员;house指房子。根据句意:昨天我家搬进了这个新的房子,故选B。‎ 作业2‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查固定短语。do a bird record意为“给鸟儿做记录”,by为介词,后面接v.-ing形式,故选C。‎ 作业3‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查副词辨析。根据句意:——莉莉,那男人刚才说了什么?——对不起,我没听清楚。loudly大声地;clearly;softly柔和地;early 早地,故选B。‎ 作业4‎ ‎【答案】 1. to watch ‎2. invite; to join ‎3. help count the birds ‎4. can’t wait to now; importance of protecting ‎5. am interested in playing ‎【解析】 考查本课中重点表达,注意固定搭配和单复数问题。‎ 作业5‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据句意:为了保持健康,他每天吃水果、蔬菜并锻炼。in order to do sth. = to do sth.为了做某事。故选D。‎ 作业6‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查动词搭配。根据语境:你应该努力学习,没人能为你提供一个好未来。provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with sth,意为“为某人提供某物”。故选A。‎

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