宜宾专版2019中考英语二轮复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题三形容词和副词讲与练.doc

‎2019（宜宾）中考英语语法：形容词和副词讲与练 专题三　形容词和副词 真 题 试 做 ‎(A)1.(2018伊春中考改编)We are ______ about the ______ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022.‎ A.excited；exciting B.exciting；excited C.excited；excite D.exciting；excite ‎(D)2.(2018安徽中考)Yuan Longping is ______ regarded as the greatest scientist in rice planting.‎ A.suddenly B.patiently C.hardly D.generally ‎(D)3.(2018北京中考)Tony is ______ of the three boys, but he is the tallest.‎ A.young B.younger C.youngest D.the youngest ‎(C)4.(2018定西中考)—Is dinner ready?‎ ‎—Not ______.‎ A.already B.just C.yet D.ever ‎(D)5.(2018北部湾中考)Tony always works hard.Of all the students, he did ______ in this exam.‎ A.good B.well C.better D.best 考向归结 通过以上五个题的整体感知,我们可知形容词和副词在中考中的常考题型为单项选择。考点设置方向主要集中在易混形容词副词辨析与正确运用、形容词和副词比较级与最高级的正确运用、形容词和副词的位置功能方面,形容词和副词在综合填空中的词性转换与拼写,以及在书面表达中灵活正确地使用。‎ 考 点 突 破 ‎　形容词功能和词义辨析 11‎ ‎1.形容词的功能 ‎(1)作定语：形容词在句中作定语通常放在名词前,但当其修饰不定代词时需后置。如：‎ Yibin is a beautiful city.宜宾是一座美丽的城市。‎ He has something important to tell us.他有重要的事告诉我们。‎ 以下形容词只能作定语：little(小的),only(唯一的),elder(年长的)。‎ ‎(2)作表语：即形容词放在系动词后面作表语,常见系动词有：be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become。如：‎ The burning noodles taste good. 燃面尝起来不错。‎ In spring,all the leaves turn green.在春天,所有的叶子都变绿了。‎ 以下形容词只能作表语：afraid(害怕的),alone(独自的),asleep(睡着的),alive(活着的),well(身体健康的),ill(生病的),frighten(害怕的)。‎ ‎(3)作宾语补足语。如：‎ ‎ My best friend always makes me happy.我最好的朋友总让我高兴。‎ 注意：the＋形容词,表示该形容词代表的一类人：good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind等。如：‎ ‎ The rich are supposed to help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。‎ ‎2.同根形容词辨析 ‎ed和ing形容词的区别：ed形容词主语为人,常用于指人对事物的感受；ing形容词常用于名词前起修饰作用,指事和物本身的属性。如：‎ ‎ed形容词 ‎ing形容词 例句 surprised 感到惊讶的 surprising 令人惊讶的 I am surprised at the surprising news.我对这个令人惊讶的新闻感到很吃惊。‎ interested 对……‎ 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的 I am interested in the interesting movie.我对这部有趣的电影很感兴趣。‎ excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 Have you heard of the exciting news？你听过这个令人兴奋的消息吗？‎ We are excited about the traveling.我们对旅行感到兴奋。‎ 11‎ frightened 感到恐惧的 frightening 令人恐惧的 This is a frightening story.这是一个恐怖的故事。‎ We are frightened of the ghost.我们怕鬼。‎ moved 受感动的 moving 令人感动的 We are deeply moved by Dangal.我们被《摔跤吧！爸爸》深深感动了。‎ Dangal is a moving film.《摔跤吧！爸爸》是一部令人感动的电影。‎ ‎　形容词短语 初中阶段有较多的形容词短语搭配,需要同学们加强记忆。下面是归纳的一些固定搭配形式,供参考使用。‎ ‎1.be＋adj.＋of be afraid/terrified/scared of…害怕……‎ be ashamed of…对……感到羞耻 be aware of…意识到 be careful of…注意,留心 be certain of确信 be confident of…对……有信心 be full of…充满……‎ be fond of…喜欢……‎ be proud of对……自豪 be sure of确信……‎ be short of缺乏……‎ be tired of厌恶……‎ ‎2.be＋adj.＋with be angry with生……的气 be busy with忙于做……‎ be covered with被……覆盖 be concerned with牵涉到；与……有关 be disappointed with对……失望 be filled with充满 11‎ be happy with对……高兴 be patient with对……有耐心 be pleased with对……满意 be popular with受……欢迎的 be satisfied with对……满意 be strict with对……严格 ‎3.be＋adj.＋about be anxious about对……焦虑 be curious about…对 ……好奇 be excited about…对……感到兴奋 be nervous about对……紧张 be sorry about对……遗憾 be sure about确保……‎ be worried about对……感到担忧 ‎4.be＋adj.＋at be amazed at…对……感到惊奇 be angry at因……生气 be good/bad at… 擅长/不擅长……‎ be mad at…对……恼火 be surprised at对……惊讶 ‎5.be＋adj.＋for be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处 be known for因……而著名 be known as作为……而著名 be known to为……所了解 be known in在某地很著名 be late for迟到……‎ be/get ready for准备好……‎ be/feel sorry for对……抱歉 ‎6.be＋adj.＋to 11‎ be close to离……近 be good/nice/friendly to sb.对……友好 be kind to sb.对……友好 be married to与……结婚 ‎ be polite to sb.对某人礼貌 be rude to sb.对某人粗鲁 be similar to和……相似 be helpful to sb.对……有帮助 be/get used to习惯于……‎ be harmful to对……有害 ‎7.be＋adj.＋from be absent from缺席……‎ be different from与……不同 be far from离……远 be free from免于……‎ ‎8.be＋adj.＋in be dressed in穿着……‎ be experienced in在……有经验 be interested in对……感兴趣 be poor in缺乏 be rich in富有 be strong in在……有优势 be successful in在……成功 be weak in在……薄弱 ‎　副词功能和位置 ‎1.副词的功能 ‎(1)作状语：放在动词之后。如：‎ Tom studies hard every day.汤姆每天努力学习。‎ ‎(2)作宾语补足语：动副短语。如：‎ 11‎ Let the dog out！让狗出去！‎ ‎2.副词的位置 ‎(1)修饰动词时,放在动词之后,若是及物动词放在其宾语之后。如：‎ Jack works hard.(work 为不及物动词)杰克工作努力。‎ ‎ Mary is reading books carefully.(read为及物动词)玛丽正在认真地看书。‎ ‎(2)修饰形容词或其他副词时,放在被修饰词前面,但enough 除外。如：‎ ‎ Don't drive so quickly.开车别太快。‎ The girl isn't old enough to dress herself.这个女孩还不够大不能自己穿衣服。‎ ‎(3)频度副词通常放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前。如：‎ He is never late for class.他上课从不迟到。‎ ‎ Tina usually gets up early in the morning.蒂娜经常早起。‎ ‎ (4)时间副词在后,地点副词在前。如：‎ He will come back here tomorrow.他明天将会回到这里。‎ ‎　形容词和副词的混合辨析 ‎1.常见的形容词及其相应的副词形式：‎ 形容词 词义 副词 词义 good 好的 well 好地 happy 开心的 happily 开心地 heavy 重的 heavily 沉重地 strong 强大的 strongly 强有力地 easy 简单的 easily 简单地 careful 仔细的 carefully 仔细地 quick 快的 quickly 快地 simple 简单的 simply 简单地 ‎　　2.有些副词有两种形式,其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加ly,但意义有区别。‎ 单词 词性&词义 单词 词性&词义 close adj./adv.近的(地)‎ closely adv.密切地 high adj./adv.高的(地)‎ highly adv.高度地 11‎ free adj./adv.免费的(地)‎ freely adv.自由地 late adj./adv.晚,迟 lately adv.近来 deep adj./adv.深的(地)‎ deeply adv.深刻地 near adj./adv.邻近的(地)‎ nearly adv.几乎,将近 hard adj./adv.努力的(地)‎ hardly adv.几乎不 most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地 wide adj./adv.宽阔的(地)‎ widely adv.广泛地 ‎　形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较等级有三个,即原级、比较级和最高级。‎ ‎1.原级比较 ‎(1)表示程度相同的比较用“as＋adj./adv.原级＋as”,意为 “与……一样/相同”。如：‎ Zhao Liying is as tall as Yang Mi.赵丽颖和杨幂一样高。‎ David runs as quickly as Bolt.戴维跑得和博尔特一样快。‎ ‎(2)表示程度不相同的比较“not so/as＋adj./adv. 原级＋as” 意为“与……不一样/不同或不如……”。如：‎ This book is not as/so interesting as that one.＝This book is less interesting than that one.＝That book is more interesting than this one.这本书没有那本书有趣。‎ David doesn't run as quickly as Bolt.‎ ‎＝David runs less quickly than Bolt.＝Bolt runs more quickly than David.戴维没有博尔特跑得快。‎ ‎2.形容词和副词的比较级与最高级的构成 ‎(1)规则变化：‎ 情况 词尾变化 举例 一般情况 直接在词尾加er；est tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest 以不发音的e结尾的词 加r；st nice—nicer—nicest large—larger—largest 以辅音字母＋y的词 变y为i再加‎ dry—drier—driest 11‎ er；est early—earlier—earliest 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er；est big—bigger—biggest hot—hotter—hottest thin—thinner—thinnest 部分双音节词或多音节词 在前面加 more；most interesting—more interesting—most interesting clearly—more clearly—most clearly carefully—more carefully—most carefully ‎　　(2)不规则变化：‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst little less least many/much more most far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest ‎　　3.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的运用 ‎(1)形容词与副词比较级的运用 ‎①表示两者比较,常与than 连用。如：‎ This computer is more expensive than that one.这台电脑比那台要贵。‎ ‎②“the＋比较级……,the＋比较级”,表示“越……,就会越……”。如：‎ The harder you work,the luckier you will be.越努力,越幸运。‎ ‎③“比较级＋and＋比较级”(用于单音节词)或“more and more＋原级”(用于多音节词),表示 “越来越……”。如：‎ Yibin is becoming more and more beautiful.宜宾正变得越来越美丽。‎ ‎ It's getting hotter and hotter in summer.夏天天气变得越来越热。‎ ‎④ that/those常用于替代前文提到过的同类的人或物,避免重复。that替代不可数名词或可数名词单数,those代替可数名词复数。如：‎ The weather in Yibin is cooler than that in Nanjing.宜宾的天气比南京的要更凉爽。‎ 11‎ The students in Class 1 study harder than those in Class 2.一班的学生比二班学生学习更努力。‎ ‎⑤倍数比较。如：‎ This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个房间大三倍。‎ ‎⑥以比较级形式表达最高级含义：比较级＋than＋any＋other＋单数可数名词；比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数。如：‎ He is taller than any other student in his class.＝He is taller than the other students in his class.＝He is the tallest student in his class.他比班上任何学生都高。‎ ‎⑦不出现than却要用比较级的潜在语境比较。如：‎ ‎—Are you satisfied with the result of the exam？你对考试结果满意吗？‎ ‎—Not at all.I can't have a worse one.一点也不。再也找不到比这更差的了。‎ ‎⑧以下一些词常用来修饰比较级：a little,a bit,a lot,even,much。如：‎ He is much taller than me.他比我高些。‎ It is even colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天更冷。‎ ‎(2)形容词与副词最高级的运用 ‎①表示三者及其以上的比较,常用最高级形式且与in/of等表范围的短语连用；形容词最高级前无其他修饰词时要加the,副词最高级前the可要可不要。如：‎ Mike writes (the) most carefully in his class.迈克是班上写字最认真的。‎ He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三个男孩子中最高的。‎ ‎②最高级前可用序数词共同修饰其后的名词,结构为：“the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词”。如：‎ The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.长江是世界第三长河。‎ ‎③“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”。如：‎ Chengdu is one of the most beautiful cities in China.成都是中国最美丽的城市之一。‎ ‎　与形容词、副词相关的改错 中考中很容易出现关于形容词、副词用法的错误,希望大家引起重视。主要有以下几个方面：‎ ‎1.形容词与副词选择错误。如：‎ Sam will be more carefully next time.(careful,注意前面的连系动词be)‎ 11‎ She did good in the exam yesterday.(well,注意前面的行为动词did)‎ ‎2.ed结尾形容词与ing结尾形容词混淆。如：‎ I am interesting in the movie.(interested,主语是人,表示人的感受)‎ The story is very interested.(interesting,对事物进行描述,一般主语是物)‎ ‎3.形容词或副词比较等级判断错误。如：‎ Cindy is much more taller than Paula.(去掉more,因为taller已经是比较级)‎ My brother works harder in his class.(hardest,根据句意应为最高级)‎ Your school is as__bigger as mine.(big,as...as之间应该使用原级)‎ The Amazon River is one of the longer rivers in the world.(longest, one of后面应该使用最高级)‎ ‎4.其他词性相混淆。如：‎ I have no idea about the important of learning English.(importance,此处需用名词)‎ ‎5.形近词混淆。如：‎ Kate lives lonely,__but she never feels alone because she has many friends.(alone,lonely混淆)‎ 小 试 牛 刀 ‎(B)1.(2018玉林中考)—Lisa, how is your cousin?‎ ‎—He is ______ now.Thank you.‎ A.more healthier B.much healthier C.very healthier D.healthiest ‎(A)2.(2018黔东南中考)______ you practice, ______ you will be at math.‎ A.The more；the better B.The more；the best C.The most；the better D.The most；the best ‎(B)3.(2018河南中考)—Why don't you get yourself a job?‎ ‎—That's ______ said than done.‎ A.easy B.easier C.the easier D.the easiest ‎(C)4.(2018哈尔滨中考改编)—I want to take part in afterclass activities.‎ ‎—So do I.I think these activities can make us feel ______.‎ 11‎ A.relax B.relaxing C.relaxed D.to relax ‎(C)5.(2018随州中考)It was late.She opened the door______ because she didn't want to wake up her parents.‎ A.heavily B.loudly C.quietly D.angrily ‎(B)6.(2018宜昌中考)—Believe it or not, a pig from South Africa started painting several months ago.‎ ‎—Anything is ______.‎ A.lively B.possible C.valuable D.personal ‎(C)7.(2018扬州中考)—I can't afford the white dress.‎ ‎—What about the orange one? The price is a little ______.‎ A.cheaper B. higher C.lower D.more expensive ‎(D)8.(2018临沂中考)Of all the blue holes in the world, Sansha Yongle Blue Hole in the South China Sea is now ______.It is 300.89 meters deep.‎ A.deeper B.very deep C.as deep as D.the deepest ‎(B)9.(2018青岛中考)Allen always behaves ______, so many people like him.‎ A.easily B.politely C.friendly D.lively ‎(C)10.(2018重庆中考A卷)The show was so ______ that I couldn't stop laughing.‎ A.sad B.terrible C.funny D.serious ‎ ‎ 11‎