2019（宜宾）中考英语语法：介词和介词短语讲与练
专题七 介词和介词短语
真 题 试 做
(C)1.(2018安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three.
A.of B.in C.against D.from
(A)2.(2018北京中考)Happy birthday, Peter! Here's a gift ______ you.
A.for B.in C.with D.from
(A)3.(2018重庆中考A卷)I always play basketball to relax myself ______ Saturdays.
A.on B.in C.at D.by
(B)4.(2018乐山中考改编)The program I'm a singer is quite popular ______ students these days.They often talk about it between classes.
A.for B.with C.in D.of
(C)5.(2018襄阳中考)—Excuse me, sir.Are you sure the umbrella in your hand belongs to you?
—Oh, sorry.I took it ______.Mine is over there under the chair.
A.at once B.on time
C. by mistake D.in all
考向归结
通过以上五个题的观察,并结合各地多年中考考点的设置,主要考查以下几个方面：同一介词与动词、形容词和名词搭配时候词义的辨析,不同语境下使用不同的介词；题型设置方面,主要趋向于单项选择、完形填空和综合填空。
考 点 突 破
介词辨析
介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或动名词。介词后的代词要用宾格形式。
1.表示时间的介词
5
(1)on,at与in的用法区别：
①at＋具体时刻： at 8：00 o'clock
固定短语中：at night/noon
②on＋特指具体的某一天或某日的上、下午、晚上：on Monday morning on the morning of April 10
③in＋年、月、季节等：
in 2002 in spring in March
④泛指上午、下午、晚上等。如：in the morning
注意：如果morning,afternoon,evening,Sunday等前有last,this,next等表示顺序的词时,不再用介词；tomorrow,tonight,yesterday前也不用介词。
(2)before,after与in的用法区别：
①before指“在……之前”。如：
before five o'clock在五点之前
②after和in指“在……之后”,其后接“一段时间”时,in常与一般将来时连用,after常与一般过去时连用。如：
She will be back in two weeks.她要两个星期之后回来。
She came back after a week.她一个星期后回来了。
若后面接的是一个“时间点”,只用 after。如：
She will arrive after two o'clock.她将在两点后到达。
(3)since,for表示时间的用法区别：
since＋具体时刻,表示“自从……起一直到现在”；for＋一段时间,表示“总共有……之久”,都常用于完成时态。如：
I have worked in this school __since 2013.自从2013年我就在这所学校工作了。
I have worked in this school for over 5 years.我在这所学校已经工作了五年多了。
2.表示地点和空间的介词
(1)at一般用于小地点；in一般用于大地方或某个范围之内；on表示在某个物体的表面。如：
They arrived at a small village before dark.天黑之前他们抵达小村庄。
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨天到达上海了。
There are many animals in the forest.森林里有许多动物。
5
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.教师在墙上贴了一幅画。
(2)in,on与to的区别：
in 表示两个地方是相属关系(即一个小地方属于大地方管辖)；on表示两个地方相邻(即两个地方接壤却互不管辖)；to 表示两个地方相隔(即两个地方无接壤、互不管辖)。如：
Yibin is in the south of China.宜宾在中国南部。(宜宾属于中国的一部分)
Sichuan lies on the north of Yunnan.四川在云南的北部。(四川和云南是有陆地接壤的)
China is to the west of Japan.中国在日本的西部。(中国和日本隔海相望,无接壤)
(3)across,through与over的区别：
across指从表面上通过；through指从中间穿过；over指从上空通过。如：
The old man went across the road carefully.老人小心地穿过马路。
The sunlight went into the room through the window.阳光透过窗户进入房间。
Look! A bird is flying over the tall building.看！一只小鸟正飞过高楼。
3.其他介词
(1)by,in,with：“用”
by主要表示“乘坐”某种交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言、文字、声音；with表示“使用”某种具体的工具等。如：
Let's go to the zoo by taxi.我们乘出租车去动物园吧。
Teahouse was written by Lao She.《茶馆》是老舍创作的。
Please write that article in English.请用英语写文章。
Please write the letter with a pen.请用钢笔写信。
Please speak in a loud voice.请大声讲。
(2)between,among：“在……之间”
between在两者之间；among指三者及以上。如：
There are some differences between Lily and Lucy.莉莉与露西之间有许多不同。
TFBOYS are very popular among the teenagers.TFBOYS在青少年中很受欢迎。
(3)except,besides：“除了……”
except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；besides“除了”,表示即“不仅……又……”,即包含在内。如：
Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.每个人都去了故宫博物院除了汤姆。
Besides Chinese,he also studied many other subjects.除了中文,他还学了许多别的科目。
5
介词短语及固定搭配
listen to 听 laugh at 嘲笑
wait for 等候 worry about 担心
think about 考虑 take care of 照看
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be full of 充满……
look forward to 期待 pay attention to 关注
look for 寻找 hear from 收到……的信
take off 脱掉；起飞 put on 穿上
put up 搭建 be good at 擅长……
be good for 对……有利
小 试 牛 刀
(B)1.(2018宜昌中考)—Who is the space scientist from Beijing?
—The man______ white over there.He's of medium height.
A.with B.in C.or D.for
(A)2.(2018温州中考)I've ordered some flowers for grandma and they will arrive ______ two hours.
A.in B.after C.over D.for
(C)3.(2018福建中考A卷改编)Blue whales are ______.We should try to protect them.
A.in time B.in public
C.in danger D.in mind
(A)4.(2018达州中考)—I'm thirsty.I'd like a glass of orange juice.What about you, Andy?
—I prefer a cup of tea ______nothing in it.
A.with B.for C.to D.without
(B)5.(2018乌鲁木齐中考)Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races ______ 9：00 a.m.______ the morning of June 18.
A.at；in B.at；on C.on；in D.on；on
5
(D)6.(2018连云港中考)—Bill, did you see Tom?
—Yes, he just parked his car here and then hurried______ the street.
A.through B.over C.past D.across
(A)7.(2018滨州中考)Don't stay inside.______ such a sunny morning.Let's go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.
A.on B.in C.from D.at
(B)8.(2018哈尔滨中考改编)—Hi, Helen.When were you born?
—I was born ______ February, 2003.I'm 15 years old.
A.on B.in C.at D.by
(C)9.(2018深圳中考改编)—Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the Concert Hall?
—Sure.Go down the street, and you'll find it close__to the Book City.
A.behind B.opposite
C.near D.between
(B)10.(2018潍坊中考)Students here often do physics experiments ______ small groups.
A.by B.in C.for D.at
5
微信/支付宝扫码支付