2019（宜宾）中考英语语法：非谓语动词和情态动词讲与练
专题六 非谓语动词和情态动词
真 题 试 做
(C)1.(2018宜宾中考改编)Mr.Green ______ be at home now.He went abroad on vacation last Friday.
A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't
(C)2.(2018重庆中考B卷)You ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
A.can't B.may C.must D.needn't
(D)3.(2018重庆中考A卷)It was raining.My father asked me ______ a raincoat.
A.take B.takes C.took D.to take
(C)4.(2018重庆中考A卷)—Must I go out to have dinner with you, Mum?
—No, you ______, my dear.You are free to make your own decision.
A.shouldn't B.mustn't
C.needn't D.can't
(C)5.(2018长春中考)I go to my grandparents’ home ______ with their housework every Sunday.
A.help B.helped C.to help D.helping
考向归结
通过以上五个题的观察,并结合各地多年中考考点的设置,在中考中,主要通过单项选择或完形填空的形式考查非谓语(动词不定式、动名词、分词)的正确运用,情态动词的基本词义辨析和情景交际的回答,以及考查情态动词的被动语态。
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考 点 突 破
一、非谓语动词
非谓语动词指在句子中不是谓语的动词,包括动词不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词、过去分词)。
动词不定式
1.动词不定式的构成
不定式的基本形式为：to＋动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无意义。
2.动词不定式常见的功能
(1)动词不定式作主语。如：
To learn English well is useful.＝ It is useful to learn English well.学好英语非常有用。
注意：动词不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,避免头重脚轻。其结构为：It's＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋to do sth.
(2)动词不定式作宾语
①作及物动词的宾语,常见用不定式作宾语的及物动词有：begin,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,promise,refuse,try,want,wish,afford,agree,start,like,would like等。 如：
I want to go swimming in the pool.我想在游泳池游泳。
②在find,think,make后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it替代,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：
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I find it easy to learn English well.我发现学好英语是简单的。
(3)动词不定式作后置定语, 相当于一个形容词。如：
He was the first student to come to the classroom.他是第一个到教室的学生。
Do you find anything to drink? 你找到任何可以喝的东西了吗？
(4)不定式作状语。如：
He works hard to support his family.他努力工作来养家。
(5)疑问词＋不定式作复合宾语。如：
We don't know what to do.我们不知道做什么。
(6)不定式固定句式
①too…to意为“太……而不能……”；…enough to”意为“……足以做……”。如：
The math problem is too difficult to work out.这道数学题太难计算不出来。
The child isn't old enough to go to school.这个小孩年纪小不足以上学。
②It＋is/was＋adj.＋ for/of＋sb.＋ to do sth.(详见第一编P30)如：
It was hard for him to learn English well.对他而言学好英语太难了。
It's very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。
③It's one's turn to do sth.意为“轮到某人做某事了”。如：
It's my turn to fly the kite.该我放风筝了。
④It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.意为“某人花多长时间做某事。”如：
It usually takes me over 2 hours to finish my homework every day.我每天通常花两个多小时来完成家庭作业。
动名词
1.动名词的构成
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动名词由动词原形＋ing构成。
2.部分动词、动词短语后常跟动名词的形式作宾语：finish,enjoy,mind,be worth,be busy,practice,have fun,have trouble/problems (in),feel like,be/get used to,give up,keep on,consider,suggest,can't help,look forward to等。
3.动词后接动词不定式和动名词的区别
(1)stop to do sth.与stop doing sth.
stop to do sth.停下来去做某事；stop doing sth.停止做某事。如：
Please stop to think about it carefully.请停下来仔细想想。
Stop making noise.请不要发出噪音。
(2)remember to do sth.与 remember doing sth.
remember to do sth.记住将要做的事情(动作未发生)；remember doing sth.记得做过某事(动作已发生)。如：
Please remember to close the door and windows before you leave the classroom.在离开教室前请记得把门窗关好。
I remember closing the door and windows when I left.我记得我在离开教室时关好了门窗。
(3)forget to do sth.与 forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.忘记做某事(动作未发生); forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(动作已发生)。如：
I forget to bring my homework.我忘记带家庭作业了。
I forget bringing my homework.我忘记已经把家庭作业带来了。
(4)try to do sth.与 try doing sth.
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try to do sth.努力去做某事；try doing sth.试着去做某事。如：
Please try to do better next time.请下次努力做好点。
He tried speaking English to us.他尝试与我们讲英语。
(5)mean to do sth.与 mean doing sth.
mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth.意味着做某事。如：
I meant to see a movie tonight,but my parents disagreed with me.我本打算晚上看场电影,但我父母不同意。
Playing computer games means wasting life.玩游戏意味着浪费人生。
分词
1.分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词由动词原形＋ing构成；过去分词的基本形式是动词原形＋ed,但也有不规则的形式。
2.分词的功能
(1)作定语,常放在所修饰词的前面。如：
a developing country一个发展中国家
a developed country 一个发达国家
注意：现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
(2)作表语,常放在系动词之后。如：
This film is moving.这部电影感人。
People were moved.人们被感动了。
(3)作状语, 常放在句首。如：
Being students,we should study hard.作为学生,我们应当努力学习。
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Caught by the policemen,the thief didn't say a word.被警察抓住的那个小偷一个字都不说。
注意：现在分词作状语,表主动,即该动词的动作由其后的主语发出；过去分词作状语,表被动,即该动词的动作与其后的主语为动宾关系,主语为动作的承受者。
(4)作宾语补足语。如：
I saw some children swimming in the river when I walked there.当我走到那里时,我看见一些小孩正在河里游泳。
3.现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别
我们常见的动词：see,watch,notice,hear,have等,接不带to的不定式作宾补,表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补,表示动作正在进行。如：
I heard him sing in the classroom.我听见他在教室唱歌。(唱歌动作已经结束)
I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(唱歌动作正在进行)
二、情态动词
情态动词的基本用法
初中阶段常考的情态动词：may,might,can,could,must,have/has to,should,would,need等。
1.can,could的用法
(1)表示能力,意为“能；会”。如：
Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉他吗？
(2)常用于否定句和疑问句中,表示推测,意为“不可能”。如：
Li Hua can't be in the classroom.李华不可能在教室。
(3)could是can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力。如：
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I could speak English when I was 3 years old.我3岁的时候就会说英语了。
(4)以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定与否定回答分别用can和can't 回答；以could开头的一般疑问句其肯定与否定回答一般情况下也用can和can't,但当其明确为一般过去时,其肯定和否定回答分别用could和couldn't。如：
—Could you please sweep the floor？你能扫一下地吗？(此处的could为以委婉的方式提问,并非can的过去式)
—Yes,I can./Sorry,I can't.I have to study for the test.好,我可以。/对不起,我不能。我必须为考试学习。
—Could you skate last year？你去年会滑冰吗？
—Yes,I could./No,I couldn't.是的,我会。/不,我不会。
2.may,might的用法
(1)用于肯定句中,表推测,意为“也许；可能”。might比may语气更弱。如：
He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。
(2)may表示请求和许可时,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句,其肯定回答用can,否定回答要用mustn't。如：
—May I smoke here? 我能在这儿抽烟吗？
—Yes,you can./No,you mustn't.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
(3)表祝愿。如：
May you succeed.祝你成功。
3.must的用法
(1)表示必须。如：
You must hand in your homework on time.你必须按时交作业。
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(2)表推测,意为“一定”。如：
There's someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim.有人在敲门。肯定是吉姆。
(3)在否定句中,mustn't 表示禁止,语气强烈。以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,而否定句回答常用needn't或don't have to,意为“不需要,不必”。如：
You mustn't take photos in a museum.禁止在博物馆拍照。
—Must I finish the work by Friday? 我必须在周五前完成工作吗？
—Yes,you must./No,you needn't.是的,你必须。/不,你不需要。
4.need的用法
need既可以作实义动词,也可以作情态动词。区分方法如下：
(1)若need后加to do说明need为实义动词,其疑问句与否定句需用相应的助动词。need后加doing表被动意义。如：
You need to get up early.你需要早点起床。(实义动词)
You don't need to get up early.你不需要早起。(变否定句,需借助助动词do的相应形式)
(2)若need后加do即动词原形,则为情态动词,用need提问,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。如：
You need get up early.你需要早起。(情态动词)
You needn't get up early.你不需要早起。(情态动词的否定,直接在其后加not)
5.had better的用法
“had better＋动词原形”表示“最好做某事”,其否定结构为“had better not do sth.”表示“最好不做某事”。如：
You'd better stay at home in such a hot day.天气这么热,你最好待家里。
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You'd better not hang out on the street at night.你最好不要晚上在街上闲逛。
6.shall,should,will,would的用法
(1)shall用于第一人称表示征求意见。如：
Shall I turn on the TV? 我能打开电视吗？
(2)should 表示义务、责任。如：
We should obey the traffic rules.我们应该遵守交通规则。
(3)will 用于第二人称表示询问、请求,也可以表示现在的“意愿”。如：
Will you lend me your bike? 你能把你的自行车借我一下吗？
We will do anything for you.我们会为你做任何事情。
(4)would用来表示过去的意愿和委婉询问。如：
Would you tell me the way to the subway station? 你能告诉我去地铁站的路吗？
情态动词词义辨析
1.can和be able to
can和be able to表示能力时用法相同。不同的是can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could)；be able to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：
Jim couldn't swim last year,but now he can.吉姆去年不会游泳,但现在他会了。
We will be able to come back next week.我们下周能回来。
2.can和may表示可能性的区别
(1)在肯定句中用may表示可能。如：
You had better ask the policeman.He may know.你最好问那个警察,他可能知道。
(2)在否定句中,若语气肯定,表示“不可能”时用can't；若语气不肯定,表示“可能不”时用may not。如：
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Mr.Li can't be at home.He has gone to Beijing for a holiday.李老师不可能在家,他去北京度假了。
3.must和have/has to
must和have/has to的意思均为“必须”,常可互换使用。但两者也有区别,must强调主观看法,意为“必须；应该”；have/has to强调客观需要,意为“不得不”。如：
We must work hard to overcome the difficulty.我们必须努力工作克服难题。
When under great pressure,we have to calm down and get out of the trouble.当身处巨大压力之下时,我们得冷静并从困境中走出来。
4.may be和maybe
may be中may为情态动词,用于句中作谓语；maybe为副词,意为“大概；也许”,相当于perhaps,常用于句首作状语。如：
He may be a student.他可能是个学生。(谓语)
Maybe he is a student.他可能是个学生。(状语)
5.can't 和mustn't
表示否定推测时应用can't,是“不可能”的意思；mustn't是“禁止；不允许”的意思,不能用来表推测,而must表推测是用于肯定句中,意为“一定”。如：
We mustn't use mobile phones when the plane takes off.飞机起飞时,我们不允许使用手机。
There must be a girl singing next door.Can't you hear her beautiful voice? 一定有个女孩在隔壁唱歌。你没听见她甜美的声音吗？
That man can't be Mr.White.I just saw him in his office.那个男人不可能是怀特先生。我刚在办公室才看见他。
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小 试 牛 刀
(D)1.(2018天津中考)—Must I come before 6：30 tomorrow?
—No, you ______.There will be plenty of time.
A.mustn't B.can't C.couldn't D.needn't
(A)2.(2018遂宁中考)It usually takes me 10 minutes ______ to school every day.
A.to get B.get C.gets D.getting
(D)3.(2018凉山州中考)Parents ______ put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.
A.may B.might C.can D.should
(C)4.(2018上海中考)Mr.Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided ______ his own restaurant.
A.open B.opened C.to open D.opening
(D)5.(2018上海中考)Sue practises ______ the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances.
A.play B.played C.to play D.playing
(C)6.(2018青岛中考)This book ______ be Lucy's.Look! Her name is on it.
A.can B.may C.must D.might
(C)7.(2018青岛中考)Larry hopes ______ his English, so he keeps practicing it every day.
A.to solve B.solving
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C.to improve D.improving
(A)8.(2018临沂中考)Could you please speak a little louder? I ______ hear you very well.
A.can't B.mustn't C.shouldn't D.needn't
(C)9.(2018临沂中考)I didn't see you ______ in.You must have been very quiet.
A.comes B.to come
C.come D.have come
(A)10.(2018宜昌中考)—Mum, I've signed for a big box by Future Express(快递).What's in it?
—I'm not sure.It______ be a present from your brother.
A.might B.must C.should D.will
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