北京市2019中考英语二轮复习阅读理解9.doc

北京2019中考英语阅读理解（九）‎ 专题十八 阅读理解 第9讲 北京朝阳二模阅读理解CD篇 教学目标 ‎1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。‎ ‎2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。‎ ‎3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。‎ C篇 名师点拨 知识篇 ‎“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？‎ 高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 28‎ basically adv.‎ 基本上 nowadays adv.‎ 现在，当今 population n.‎ 人口 drive v.‎ 开车，驾驶 left adj.‎ 左边的 opp. right exact adj.‎ 准确的，严密的 generally adv.‎ 一般地，通常 obviously adv.‎ 明显地 happen v.‎ 发生 force v.‎ 强迫 continue v.‎ 继续 change v.‎ 改变 become v.‎ 变成 avoid v.‎ 避免 trouble n.‎ 麻烦 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）‎ 1. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe.（优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：当拿破仑攻占了这个国家，他强迫他们在路的右侧行进，这件事使左手驱动在欧洲范围内传播开来。‎ 本句中包含着一个由which引导的定语从句。‎ 2. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英国殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left.‎ ‎（优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：这就是为什么印度，澳大利亚和在非洲的前英国殖民地继续在左侧驾驶。‎ 28‎ 本句中包含着一个由why引导的表语从句。‎ 方法篇 ‎“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？‎ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。‎ 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。‎ 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。‎ 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。‎ 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。‎ 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。‎ 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。‎ 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。‎ 第五步 复读全文，验证答案。‎ 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。‎ 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。‎ 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data 28‎ ‎）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. Which of the following statements is true/false?‎ ‎2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?‎ ‎3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 ‎2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 ‎3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.‎ If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .‎ A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。‎ 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.‎ ‎2. From the text we know that _____.‎ ‎3. With which of the following does the author agree?‎ ‎4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.‎ ‎1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 28‎ 解题技巧 ‎2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 ‎3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.‎ Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. ‎ The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .‎ A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。‎ 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.‎ ‎2. The word“…”most likely means _____.‎ 28‎ ‎3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 ‎2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 ‎3. 通过构词法猜测词义 ‎4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 ‎5. 通过描述猜测词义 ‎6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 ‎7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. ‎ What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。‎ 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____.‎ ‎2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____.‎ ‎3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 ‎2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 ‎3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young ‎ 28‎ 典题精析 students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.‎ What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。‎ 语篇精讲 浏览问题 ‎（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）‎ 题号 题干及选项 ‎1‎ Nowadays, ______of the world's population drives on the right of the road.（细节理解题）‎ A. around 74% B. around 65% C. around 19% D. around 17%‎ ‎2‎ On Roman coins we can see pictures of horsemen ______.（细节理解题）‎ A. travelling throughout Europe B. passing on each other's right C. practicing riding in the country D. getting on the horses from the right ‎3‎ Which of the following is true according to the passage?（细节理解题）‎ A. Sweden changed to drive on the right in 1974.‎ B. People drive on the left side of the road in Egypt.‎ 28‎ C. Napoleon helped with the spread of left-hand driving.‎ D. People have known the exact reasons for driving on the left.‎ ‎4‎ What is the writer's purpose for writing this passage?（主旨大意题）‎ A. To explain the advantages of the two ways of driving.‎ B. To compare the differences of the two ways of driving.‎ C. To introduce the development of the two ways of driving.‎ D. To complain about the change of the two ways of driving.‎ 通篇寻读 ‎（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）‎ 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 说明文 ‎340‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★‎ There are basically two ways of driving in the world：if the driver's seat is on the left and cars travel on the right side of the road, it is called “left-hand driving”, as it is in China; Instead, it is called “right-hand driving”, as it is in Britain. Nowadays, around 65% of the world's population drives on the right of the road, while the rest is used to driving on the left.‎ Though no one knows the exact reasons, it seems likely that people in ancient times travelled on the left. Roman coins show pictures of horsemen passing on each other's right. And right-handed people generally got on a horse from the animal's left. Obviously, it's safer to do this at the left side of the road, so it makes sense for the horse to be ridden on the left.‎ A change happened in the late 1700s. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe. However, Britain still stuck with the right-hand driving role and countries which were part of the British Empire were made to follow. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英国殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left. One exception is Egypt, as that country was defeated(打败）by Napoleon before becoming part of the British Empire.‎ Some countries changed sides' until modern times. Sweden only moved to driving on the right in 1967 and Iceland changed the following year. Ghana changed sides' in 1974. On September 7, 2009, Samoa became the third country ever to change from 28‎ ‎ left- to right-hand driving for the reason that it made it easier to import(进口）cheap cars from right-hand driving Japan, Australia and New Zealand.‎ So if you want to travel to mother country or go on business, make sure you know whether it is left- or right-hand driving to avoid unnecessary troubles.‎ 逐题分析 语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要介绍了左手驱动和右手驱动两种路面驾驶方式，它们的历史及发展。‎ ‎1. Nowadays, ______of the world's population drives on the right of the road.‎ A. around 74% B. around 65% C. around 19% D. around 17%‎ 解析：B.‎ 细节理解题。根据题干关键词the world's population drives on the right of the road可将答案锁定在文中第一段中，根据关键句Nowadays, around 65% of the world's population drives on the right of the road可知在路的右侧驾驶的人口数为65%，故选B。‎ ‎2. On Roman coins we can see pictures of horsemen ______.‎ A. travelling throughout Europe B. passing on each other's right C. practicing riding in the country D. getting on the horses from the right 解析：B. ‎ 细节理解题。根据题干关键词可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据段中关键句Roman coins show pictures of horsemen passing on each other's right.可知正确答案为B.‎ ‎3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. Sweden changed to drive on the right in 1974.‎ B. People drive on the left side of the road in Egypt.‎ C. Napoleon helped with the spread of left-hand driving.‎ D. People have known the exact reasons for driving on the left.‎ 解析：C. ‎ 细节理解题。本题需要逐项排除，A意为“瑞典人在1974年改变为右侧驾驶”‎ 28‎ ‎，根据倒数第二段关键句Sweden only moved to driving on the right in 1967可以判定此项错误，排除；B意为“在埃及人们在道路的左侧驾驶”，根据第三段关键句One exception is Egypt“埃及例外”，本句话前面的句子说的是左侧驾驶，埃及例外，可以推断出埃及应该不是左侧驾驶，故此项错误，排除；C意为“拿破仑帮助了左手驱动的传播”，根据第三段关键句which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe.可以判定此项正确；D意为“人们已经知道了左侧驾驶的精确原因”，根据第二段关键句Though no one knows the exact reasons可以判定此项错误，排除，故本题选C。‎ ‎4. What is the writer's purpose for writing this passage?‎ A. To explain the advantages of the two ways of driving.‎ B. To compare the differences of the two ways of driving.‎ C. To introduce the development of the two ways of driving.‎ D. To complain about the change of the two ways of driving.‎ 解析：C 主旨大意题。本题需要我们选择的是文章的写作目的，A意为“解释两种驾驶方式的优点”，文章中没有提到，故排除；B项意为“对比两种驾驶方式的不同”，本项文章有涉及到，但不够全面；C项意为“介绍两种驾驶方式的发展”，浏览全文会在各段中发现一些时间短语，可判断出此项正确；D项意为“抱怨两种驾驶方式的改变”，文章没有提到这一点，排除故选C。‎ 精讲笔记 ‎（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）‎ 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）‎ 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）‎ 28‎ 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）‎ 细节理解题 ‎1、2、3‎ 推理判断题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 ‎4‎ 能力提升 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译★‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 basically adv.‎ nowadays adv.‎ population n.‎ v.‎ 开车，驾驶 adj.‎ 左边的 adj.‎ 准确的，严密的 generally adv.‎ obviously adv.‎ v.‎ 发生 v.‎ 强迫 continue v.‎ 28‎ v.‎ 改变 v.‎ 变成 v.‎ 避免 trouble n.‎ 二、句子英汉互译★★‎ ‎1. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。‎ ‎_____________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 原因是你不信任她。‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎3. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎4. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英国殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎5. This is the family which is planning to move to the city. ‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 说明文 ‎323‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★‎ The most interesting thing to see in Malaysia is the ever-increasing number of festivals held around the country. Made up of traditional cultural celebrations, religious (宗教的) holidays and modern sporting or cultural events, Malaysia’s festivals mean there’s always a party to be found.‎ More traditional events, such as World Kite Festival, the Magic of the Night and the Lantern Festival—to name just a few—all appear in many calendars around the nation. Traditional religious celebrations, such as Chinese New Year and Christmas, are also popular in Malaysia and are celebrated across different cultures and backgrounds.‎ 28‎ The greatest event of the year’s calendar for any food lover will be the Malaysia Gourmet Festival, held throughout chosen hotels in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur.‎ One of the most popular of these new additions is the Malaysia Year End Sale, which runs from November through to early January. All around the nation there’re cheaper sales.‎ When it comes to the celebrations, Malaysians are some of the most generous (慷慨的) people in the world. During many of the year’s important events, Malaysians will open their homes to friends, families and strangers (including tourists) in a tradition known as “Rumah Terbuka” or “Open House”. Attending an Open House is a great opportunity to join the Malaysian, make friends and enjoy delicious local food. The government or local groups will also sometimes offer an Open House in a larger place, such as a big hall. Everyone is welcome to take part in such events, which have helped create a positive (积极的) air.‎ ‎2015 has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysia—so there’s never been a better time to visit Malaysia than now. Just turn the page to see some of the important events taking place over the next 12 months. And for more information on traveling to Malaysia, please visit www.tourism.gov.my. ‎ ‎1. What kind of festival is World Kite Festival in Malaysia?（细节理解题）‎ A. A traditional event. B. A religious holiday.‎ C. A sporting event. D. A cultural celebration.‎ ‎2. Which of the following is the greatest event for food lovers?（细节理解题）‎ A. The Lantern Festival. B. The Malaysia Year End Sale.‎ C. The Magic of the Night. D. The Malaysia Gourmet Festival.‎ ‎3. The underlined part “Open House” in the passage means “______”.（词义猜测题）‎ A. leaving one’s room door open B. keeping a shop open day and night C. letting visitors stay at one’s home D. offering visitors free hotel rooms ‎ ‎4. What is the writer’s purpose in the passage?（主旨大意题）‎ A. To encourage us to visit Malaysia. B. To report some interesting festivals.‎ C. To share his own experience. D. To introduce a foreign country.‎ 28‎ 参考答案 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 basically adv.‎ 基本上 nowadays adv.‎ 现在，当今 population n.‎ 人口 drive v.‎ 开车，驾驶 left adj.‎ 左边的 exact adj.‎ 准确的，严密的 generally adv.‎ 一般地，通常 obviously adv.‎ 明显地 happen v.‎ 发生 force v.‎ 强迫 continue v.‎ 继续 change v.‎ 改变 become v.‎ 变成 avoid v.‎ 避免 trouble n.‎ 麻烦 二、句子英汉互译。‎ ‎1. Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. ‎ ‎2. The reason was that you don’t trust her. ‎ ‎3. 当拿破仑攻占了这个国家，他强迫他们在路的右侧行进，这件事使左手驱动在欧洲范围内传播开来。‎ ‎4. 这就是为什么印度，澳大利亚和在非洲的前英国殖民地继续在左侧驾驶。‎ ‎5. 这是要搬进城里的一家。‎ 阅读练习 ‎1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 28‎ D篇 名师点拨 知识篇 高频词 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 clearly adv. ‎ 清晰的 actually adv.‎ 事实上 cause v.‎ 引起，导致 consider v.‎ 考虑，认为 confusing adj.‎ 令人困惑的 opposite adj.‎ 相反的 invitation n.‎ 邀请 v. invite polite adj.‎ 有礼貌的 probably adv.‎ 大概，或许 expect v.‎ 期待，预料 touch v.‎ 触动 interrupt v.‎ 打扰 remind v.‎ 28‎ 提醒，使想起 suggest v.‎ 建议，暗示 n. suggestion 长难句 ‎1. Although this sentence is not very common in England any more, it clearly shows how we don't always say what we mean. （优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：虽然这句话在英国不再常见了，但它清晰地展示了我们是怎样总是说的与所要表达的意思不一致的。‎ 本句话包含了由although引导的让步状语从句，“虽然…”，但要注意although不与but连用。‎ ‎2. If I didn't want you to come, I wouldn't have invited you in the first place!（优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：如果我不想让你来，我就不会在一开始邀请你了。‎ 本句为由if引导的非真实条件句，这部分知识是高中的语法重点，可以简单了解。‎ ‎3. This reminded me again that politeness depends on which culture we're in. （优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：这再一次提醒我礼貌取决于我们处于哪一种文化之中。‎ 本句包含着一个由which引导的宾语从句做on的宾语。‎ 方法篇 ‎“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？‎ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。‎ 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。‎ 28‎ 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。‎ 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。‎ 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。‎ 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。‎ 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。‎ 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。‎ 第五步 复读全文，验证答案。‎ 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。‎ 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。‎ 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. Which of the following statements is true/false?‎ ‎2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?‎ ‎3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 ‎2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 ‎3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try 28‎ ‎ cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.‎ If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .‎ A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。‎ 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.‎ ‎2. From the text we know that _____.‎ ‎3. With which of the following does the author agree?‎ ‎4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 ‎2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 ‎3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.‎ Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of ‎ 28‎ the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. ‎ The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .‎ A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。‎ 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.‎ ‎2. The word“…”most likely means _____.‎ ‎3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 ‎2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 ‎3. 通过构词法猜测词义 ‎4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 ‎5. 通过描述猜测词义 ‎6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 ‎7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop 28‎ ‎ creativity. ‎ What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。‎ 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____.‎ ‎2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____.‎ ‎3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 ‎2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 ‎3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.‎ What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand 28‎ 表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。‎ 语篇精讲 浏览问题 ‎（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）‎ 题号 题干及选项 ‎1‎ From the passage we can learn that ______.（推理判断题）‎ A. it's impolite to invite friends to come round for tea in India B. the British politeness can make non-native speakers confused C. it's only idioms that cause difficulties for people learning English D. the British are very open and like inviting people into their homes ‎2‎ The underlined word “assumed” in paragraph 3 probably means “______”.（词义猜测题）‎ A. imagined B. proved C. regretted D. explained ‎3‎ The writer probably agrees that .（推理判断题）‎ A. people learning English should be direct to say what they think B. different cultures lead to the different realization on politeness C. its very necessary to learn about English idioms to be polite D. living in Britain is more difficult than it in other countries 通篇寻读 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 议论文 ‎406‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/3‎ ‎★★★★‎ Do We Say What We Think?‎ ‎“It's raining cats and dogs!” Although this sentence is not very common in England any more, it clearly shows how we don't always say what we mean. One thing that often gives trouble to language learners is that they understand every word in a sentence but the meaning remains unclear-like this sentence that actually means “It's raining very heavily!”. However, it's not just idioms（惯用语）that cause 28‎ ‎ difficulties for people learning English.‎ The British are often considered to be polite and keep their feelings to themselves, but this can be very confusing for non-native speakers. We often don't say what we are thinking--in fact we often say the opposite! Here's an example that will hopefully explain what I mean, “You should come round for tea!” Is this a real invitation or is the person just being polite? Generally, British people are less open than people from other cultures, so we aren't quick to invite people into our homes. This phrase is one of those that we say but often don't really mean, so when no further details（细节） are given, you can probably think it was made in the name of politeness! But how does this compare to other countries?‎ When I lived in India, lots of people would invite me into their homes but I always assumed that they were just being polite. Of course, I was wrong. The invitations were always from the bottom of hearts, and they did expect me to visit them. I was always surprised by how welcoming people were. In fact, I think I spent more time at other people's houses than my own!‎ This summer, while working in Austria, one of my friends made me think about invitations again. She invited me to join her and her boyfriend for a meal out. Although touched by the invitation, I immediately had the thought that she was just being polite, so I told her that I didn't want to interrupt them. She replied with, “”‎ This reminded me again that politeness depends on which culture we're in. In England, we often think it's polite to offer or suggest something even if we don't actually want to do it, but in other cultures people are more direct. Perhaps if English people just say what they were thinking, things would be a lot easier-especially for people from other countries!‎ 逐题分析 语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的议论文。作者首先提出了“我们说的是我们所想的吗？”这个问题，然后针对这个问题展开论述，最后得出了礼貌的形式取决于不同的文化这个结论。‎ ‎1. From the passage we can learn that ______.‎ A. it's impolite to invite friends to come round for tea in India B. the British politeness can make non-native speakers confused 28‎ C. it's only idioms that cause difficulties for people learning English D. the British are very open and like inviting people into their homes 解析：B 推理判断题。A项意为“在印度邀请朋友去家里做客是不礼貌的。”，根据第三段关键句The invitations were always from the bottom of hearts, and they did expect me to visit them.“邀请是发自心底的，他们确实希望我去拜访他们”，根据此句可知印度人是喜欢邀请人去家里做客的，故错误；B项意为“英国式的礼貌会使非本国人感到困惑”，根据第二段关键句but this can be very confusing for non-native speakers.可以判定此项正确；C项意为“只有惯用语会导致人们学习英语的困难”，根据第一段关键句However, it's not just idioms（惯用语）that cause difficulties for people learning English.可以判定此项错误；D项意为“英国人非常开放，喜欢邀请人们去家里做客”，根据第二段关键句Generally, British people are less open than people from other cultures可以判定此项错误，故本题选B。‎ ‎2. The underlined word “assumed” in paragraph 3 probably means “______”.‎ A. imagined B. proved C. regretted D. explained 解析：A 词义猜测题。A意为“想象”；B意为“证明”；C意为“后悔”；D意为“解释”，划线词所在句意为“当我们住在印度的时候，许多人邀请我们去家里做客，但我总是_____他们只是出于礼貌。当然了，我是错的。”，根据句意可以分析出“我们是在想象他们只是出于礼貌”，故选A。‎ ‎3. The writer probably agrees that .‎ A. people learning English should be direct to say what they think B. different cultures lead to the different realization on politeness C. its very necessary to learn about English idioms to be polite D. living in Britain is more difficult than it in other countries 解析：B ‎ 推理判断题。题干意为“作者可能同意_____。”，本文主要论述的是“我们所说的是我们所想的吗？”这个问题，根据文章最后一段关键句This reminded me again that politeness depends on which culture we're in.可知最后的结论是“礼貌方式取决于不同的文化”，故本题应选B。‎ 精讲笔记 28‎ 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）‎ 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）‎ 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）‎ 细节理解题 推理判断题 ‎1、3‎ 词义猜测题 ‎2‎ 主旨大意题 能力提升 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译★‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 adv. ‎ 清晰的 actually adv.‎ 28‎ v.‎ 引起，导致 consider v.‎ adj.‎ 令人困惑的 adj.‎ 相反的 n.‎ 邀请 polite adj.‎ adv.‎ 大概，或许 expect v.‎ touch v.‎ v.‎ 打扰 remind v.‎ suggest v.‎ 二、句子英汉互译★★‎ ‎1. 虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新的。‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 他虽然有很多钱，但并不幸福。‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎3. Although this sentence is not very common in England any more, it clearly shows how we don't always say what we mean.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎4. If I didn't want you to come, I wouldn't have invited you in the first place!‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎5. This reminded me again that politeness depends on which culture we're in.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 议论文 ‎458‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★★‎ When you first step out into that big world, it can be a little worrying, but as time goes by and you get into the new environment, you very quickly begin to love it because every traveler learns certain lessons, lessons about themselves, about travel, and about the world in general.‎ 28‎ You might have thought you’d have trouble with the language or that you’re terrible with directions, or that you’re shy around new people, or that you can’t deal with some problems, but once you throw yourself to the deep end and have to survive (生存) on your own in the world, you’ll come to know you’re far better at these things than you ever realize.‎ Every time I go camping or stay in a poor hotel or even eat street food, the feeling is the same on that first day: sick. I can’t get clean. There are people making noise in my room. This food is going to make me ill. But after about three days of anything—any level of discomfort—you just get used to it. And then it becomes fun.‎ Couldn’t find anywhere to have breakfast this morning? No worries. Stayed up all night drinking and now you have to catch a bus? It’ll all be fine. See the above—it’ll take about three days to get used to it.‎ What you may have once thought was very unpleasant—showering in a dirty bathroom, drying yourself with a dirty hotel towel, wearing the same T-shirt four days, never washing your socks—becomes routine (惯例) once you’ve been traveling for a couple of months. Keep clean? It’s a first-world problem.‎ First-time travelers are usually worried about safety, but after a while you realize that the world isn’t out to get you, and if you just take a few easy precautions (警觉), the probability is high that you’ll never get stolen while you travel. Although you still might, so don’t carry anything you can’t bear to lose.‎ The first price is never the right price. This holds true for anywhere that the price isn’t stamped onto the thing or clearly shown in some way. While arguing about the price doesn’t come naturally to some. It’s something you have to get used to if you don’t want to be ripped off over and over again.‎ Things go wrong when you travel—lots of things. The train is late, the money exchange place is closed, the hotel has lost your booking, and you can feel a pain in your stomach that means last night’s street food was a bad choice. But you have to be able to deal with these problems when you travel, or you’ll quickly go silly.‎ ‎1. What makes travelers love their travel, according to the passage?（细节理解题）‎ A. Time’s going by B. Lessons they’ve learnt.‎ C. The exercise they take. D. The new environment.‎ ‎2. The second paragraph mainly tells us that ______.（主旨大意题）‎ A. traveling abroad causes a lot of problems B. one must be brave to travel 28‎ ‎ in the world C. we’re better than we realize when traveling D. nothing can stop us from going abroad ‎3. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?（细节理解题）‎ A. We can get used to a different life style in a short time.‎ B. It’s important to keep clean all the time when traveling. ‎ C. First-time travelers are usually safe all over the world.‎ D. It’s not necessary to buy things during our travel abroad.‎ ‎4. From the last paragraph, we can infer that ______.（推理判断题）‎ A. we can only depend on luck when traveling B. traveling is rather hard work than happy time C. traveling service is not good all over the world D. we must be ready to face problems when traveling 参考答案 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 clearly adv. ‎ 清晰的 actually adv.‎ 事实上 cause v.‎ 引起，导致 consider v.‎ 考虑，认为 confusing adj.‎ 令人困惑的 opposite adj.‎ 相反的 invitation n.‎ 邀请 polite adj.‎ 有礼貌的 probably adv.‎ 大概，或许 expect v.‎ 期待，预料 touch v.‎ 触动 interrupt v.‎ 打扰 remind v.‎ 提醒，使想起 28‎ suggest v.‎ 建议，暗示 二、句子英汉互译。‎ ‎1. Although my car is very old, I don’t want to buy a new one.‎ ‎2. Although he has a lot of money, yet he is still unhappy.‎ ‎3. 虽然这句话在英国不再常见了，但它清晰地展示了我们是怎样总是说的与所要表达的意思不一致的。‎ ‎4. 如果我不想让你来，我就不会在一开始邀请你了。‎ ‎5. 这再一次提醒我礼貌取决于我们处于哪一种文化之中。‎ 阅读练习 ‎1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 28‎