北京市2019中考英语二轮复习阅读理解3.doc

北京2019中考英语阅读理解（三）‎ 专题十八 阅读理解 第3讲 北京西城一模阅读理解CD篇 教学目标 ‎1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。‎ ‎2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。‎ ‎3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。‎ C篇 名师点拨 知识篇 ‎“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？‎ 高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 28‎ 优 良 差 in common 共同的，共有的 remember v. ‎ 记得 experience v.‎ 经验，经历 n. experience share v.‎ 分享 environment n.‎ 环境 notice v.‎ 注意 attend v.‎ 出席 wonderful adj.‎ 极好的 adult n.‎ 成年人 check out 检验 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）‎ ‎1. What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life.（优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：编码和写作，演奏音乐和创造艺术的共同点是它能够让你把你的想法带进生活。‎ 本句为复合句，主语是由what引导的主语从句，表语是由that引导的表语从句，翻译时要注意主从句的翻译。‎ ‎2. It’s so much fun to share one’s creations, and to see what everyone else has made too.（优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：分享自己的创作是非常有趣的，而且也可以看看其他人都创造了什么。 ‎ 本句话的前半句是it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to share one’s creations。‎ 方法篇 ‎“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。‎ 28‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？‎ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。‎ 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。‎ 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。‎ 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。‎ 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。‎ 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。‎ 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。‎ 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。‎ 第五步 复读全文，验证答案。‎ 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。‎ 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。‎ 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. Which of the following statements is true/false?‎ ‎2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?‎ ‎3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 ‎2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 28‎ ‎3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.‎ If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .‎ A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。‎ 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.‎ ‎2. From the text we know that _____.‎ ‎3. With which of the following does the author agree?‎ ‎4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 ‎2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 ‎3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly,‎ 28‎ ‎ I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.‎ Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. ‎ The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .‎ A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。‎ 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.‎ ‎2. The word“…”most likely means _____.‎ ‎3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 ‎2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 ‎3. 通过构词法猜测词义 ‎4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 ‎5. 通过描述猜测词义 28‎ ‎6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 ‎7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. ‎ What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。‎ 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____.‎ ‎2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____.‎ ‎3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 ‎2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 ‎3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.‎ What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers 28‎ C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。‎ 语篇精讲 浏览问题 ‎（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）‎ 题号 题干及选项 ‎1‎ In the writer’s first coding class, she _______. （细节理解题）‎ A. made apps and games ‎ B. created a web page C. wrote for newspapers ‎ D. did some interviews ‎2‎ Why do more girls begin to learn coding?（细节理解题）‎ A. There are coding classes for girls. ‎ B. Girls want to learn a “boy thing”. ‎ C. There are more girls in STEM. ‎ D. Girls can meet cool boys there. ‎ ‎3‎ What does the writer think of coding?（推理判断题）‎ A. It is better than playing music. ‎ B. It limits children’s imagination. ‎ C. It stops people from learning fast. ‎ D. It helps children with their creativity. ‎ ‎4‎ What is probably the best title for this passage?（主旨大意题）‎ A. Start Coding as Early as Possible B. Come for Fun in Coder Dojo Class 28‎ C. Kids Should Have Chances to Learn to Code D. STEM IS Calling for More Girls and Women 通篇寻读 ‎（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）‎ 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 夹叙夹议 ‎429‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★‎ As kids, we learn how to write, maybe play a musical instrument and draw. So why don’t we learn to code(编码) computer programs too? What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life. Coding is all about creativity and that’s why I love it. ‎ Creating with code Coder Dojo helps young people around the world to learn computer programming for free. When I went to my first Coder Dojo class in Dublin City University in Ireland, at age nine, I didn’t know anything about coding or even what it was. But I remember making my very first web page that first day, and being surprised that I could create such a thing. It was a great feeling that I think every young person should experience!‎ By going to Coder Dojo every week, I learned how to make websites, apps and games. One of my apps is called Auto-Journalist. It can help journalists(记者) and interviewees do interviews even if they are both really busy or live in different time zones. It is still in development, and I have showed it at all event called Coolest Projects Awards, where young people get to show the public what they have created with code. It’s so much fun to share one’s creations, and to see what everyone else has made too. ‎ Learning environment For the past three years I have also been helping to teach other young people at Coder Dojo DCU. In recent years I have also noticed many more girls attending Coder Dojo DCU to try out coding. This has a lot to do with the Coder Dojo girls’ classes—girls and young women take part in it with their friends，and it doesn’t feel like coding is a “boy thing”. It is really wonderful to see this, because we need more girls and women in STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths). ‎ 28‎ It’s a good way to learn more about technology. ‎ Start early One of the main things I have learned in the last few years is that coding is not only for adults, coding is for young people, too. And when you are a child it is a great time to start coding, because your imagination is the limit for what you can create!‎ Want to learn more? Find out if there is a Coder Dojo near you at www. Coder dojo. com or set one up yourself! Also check out Code. org which has lots of fun drag-and-drop coding games. ‎ 逐题分析 语篇解读：本篇文章主要讲述了编码这一概念，从编码有助于提高创造力，编码目前的学习环境两方面进行讨论，最后呼吁应该给孩子们学习编码的机会。‎ ‎1. In the writer’s first coding class, she _______. ‎ A. made apps and games ‎ B. created a web page C. wrote for newspapers ‎ D. did some interviews 解析：B.‎ 细节理解题。根据题干关键词first coding class可以将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据第二段关键句“I remember making my very first web page that first day”可以得知作者在第一节编码课上创造了一个网页，故选B。‎ ‎2. Why do more girls begin to learn coding?‎ A. There are coding classes for girls. ‎ B. Girls want to learn a “boy thing”. ‎ C. There are more girls in STEM. ‎ D. Girls can meet cool boys there. ‎ 解析：A. ‎ 细节理解题。题干意为“为什么更多女孩开始学习编码？”，根据题干可以把答案锁定在文章第四段中，根据第四段关键句This has a lot to do with the Coder Dojo girls’ classes—girls and young women take part in it with their friends.可以判定Coder Dojo女孩班级是女孩们和朋友们可以一起参加的编码班级，故选A。‎ 28‎ ‎3. What does the writer think of coding?‎ A. It is better than playing music. ‎ B. It limits children’s imagination. ‎ C. It stops people from learning fast. ‎ D. It helps children with their creativity. ‎ 解析：D. ‎ 推理判断题。本题询问的是作者对编码的看法，浏览全文，根据第一段关键句Coding is all about creativity and that’s why I love it.可以判定出作者喜欢编码的原因是因为它和创造力相关，故选D。‎ ‎4. What is probably the best title for this passage?‎ A. Start Coding as Early as Possible B. Come for Fun in Coder Dojo Class C. Kids Should Have Chances to Learn to Code D. STEM IS Calling for More Girls and Women 解析：C 主旨大意题。A项意为“尽早开始编码”；B项意为“来Coder Dojo的课上玩吧”；C项意为“孩子们应该有机会学习编码”；D项意为“STEM需要更多的女孩和女人”。首先根据文章第一段why don’t we learn to code(编码) computer programs too?可以判定作者呼吁我们学习编码；根据文章倒数第二段when you are a child it is a great time to start coding可知孩子是学习编码的最好时间，综合这两点我们得知文章主要强调的是“孩子们应该有机会学习编码”，故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ 精讲笔记 ‎（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）‎ 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）‎ 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）‎ 28‎ 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）‎ 细节理解题 ‎1、2‎ 推理判断题 ‎3‎ 词义猜测题 主旨大意题 ‎4‎ 能力提升 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译★‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 in common v. ‎ 记得 experience v.‎ v.‎ 分享 environment n.‎ v.‎ 注意 v.‎ 出席 28‎ wonderful adj.‎ adult n.‎ check out 二、句子英汉互译★★‎ ‎1. 他说的话感动了我。‎ ‎_____________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 我的问题是不知道选哪个电脑好。‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎3. What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎4. It’s so much fun to share one’s creations, and to see what everyone else has made too.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎5. It is very important to keep our environment clean and tidy. ‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 科普环保类 说明文 ‎329‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★‎ We all know that zebras have stripes（条纹）. But why? It’s hard to get a black-and-white answer. This is a question not just common people like us have asked, but scientists too.‎ ‎ Several studies have been done to find out the reason behind the stripes and many theories （理论）have been suggested. According to a recent study, the type of stripes changes depending on the temperature where zebras live. The warmer the place is, the more stripes they may have. From this study, scientists believe that stripes may help to keep a zebra cool in warmer places.‎ ‎ According to the cooler temperature theory, when air hits a zebra, the movements of air are stronger and faster over the black parts and slower over the white. This is because black color takes in more heat than white. So at the point where the black ‎ 28‎ and white meet, there is cooling airflow. It can quickly cool a zebra’s skin! In fact, scientists have noticed that heavily striped zebras have 5.4T lower skin temperature than other animals without stripes in the same area.‎ ‎ Some scientists believe that stripes may be an adaptation（适应）by zebras to defend （防卫）themselves from the horseflies that follow zebras. The cooler temperature theory holds merit here too, since disease-carrying flies like horseflies like it hot. Flies also don't like landing on striped surfaces.‎ ‎ There also have been many other theories that have been suggested for why zebras have stripes. Some explanations are very common. One of them is that stripes may help zebras hide in grass especially from lions. Lions are color blind and even if they are not far away they may see stripes as grey and be confused by them. What’s more, zebras are a large group of animals living together. When a number of zebras stand or move together, stripes may confuse lions into thinking it is one large animal.‎ ‎1. Stripes are helpful for zebras to_________.（细节理解题）‎ A. stay cool ‎ B. move together ‎ C. live in cold places ‎ D. fight against diseases ‎2. How do zebras' stripes protect them from lions?（细节理解题）‎ A. Lions may be frightened away by strips.‎ B. Lions may see stripes as many animals.‎ C. Stripes can prevent zebras from being seen.‎ D. Stripes may make lions confused.‎ ‎3. The underlined words “holds merit "in Paragraph 4 probably mean"_________".（词义猜测题）‎ A. works well ‎ B. sounds unreasonable C. causes disagreement ‎ D. needs supporting facts ‎4. What is the passage mainly about?（主旨大意题）‎ A. Why lions can't eat zebras.‎ B. How horseflies keep away from zebras.‎ C. Why zebras have stripes.‎ 28‎ D. How animals adapt to nature.‎ 参考答案 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 in common 共同的，共有的 remember v. ‎ 记得 experience v.‎ 经验，经历 share v.‎ 分享 environment n.‎ 环境 notice v.‎ 注意 attend v.‎ 出席 wonderful adj.‎ 极好的 adult n.‎ 成年人 check out 检验 二、句子英汉互译。‎ ‎1. What he said moved me. ‎ ‎2. My problem is which computer to choose.‎ ‎3. 编码和写作，演奏音乐和创造艺术的共同点是它能够让你把你的想法带进生活。‎ ‎4. 分享自己的创作是非常有趣的，而且也可以看看其他人都创造了什么。‎ ‎5. 保持我们的环境干净和整洁是非常重要的。‎ 阅读练习 ‎1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C D篇 名师点拨 28‎ 知识篇 高频词 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 success n.‎ 成功 v. succeed failure n.‎ 失败 v. fail marathon ‎ n.‎ 马拉松 happen v.‎ 发生 prepare for 为…准备 surely adv.‎ 当然 angry adj.‎ 生气的 pity n. ‎ 遗憾，怜悯 thankful adj.‎ 感谢的 give up 放弃 长难句 ‎1. It seemed that on every vacation I was the one who couldn’t go the distance. （优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：似乎在每个假期，我都是那个不能远距离出行的人。‎ It seemed that…为表语从句，意为“似乎…”，that可以省略。‎ ‎2. I had failed to climb to the top of that Mayan pyramid, but I did climb it and stood on these ancient stones. I had failed to meet a single weight loss goal and yet I had lost 43 pounds. I couldn’t walk 12 miles in four hours, but I could walk 12 miles. （优*良*差*）‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 句意：我没有登上玛雅金字塔的顶端，但我攀登过而且站在这些古老石头的下面；我没有实现过一次减肥目标，但我至少减掉了43磅；我不能在四小时内走完十二英里，但我至少能走12英里。‎ 本句为一个排比句式，可以在作文中利用这种句式形式进行仿写。‎ 方法篇 28‎ ‎“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。‎ 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？‎ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。‎ 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。‎ 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。‎ 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。‎ 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。‎ 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。‎ 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。‎ 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。‎ 第五步 复读全文，验证答案。‎ 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。‎ 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。‎ 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. Which of the following statements is true/false?‎ ‎2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?‎ 28‎ ‎3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…?‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 ‎2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 ‎3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.‎ If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .‎ A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。‎ 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. It can be inferred from the text that_____.‎ ‎2. From the text we know that _____.‎ ‎3. With which of the following does the author agree?‎ ‎4. The passage is probably taken from a _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 ‎2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 ‎3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said 28‎ 典题精析 ‎ boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.‎ Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. ‎ The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .‎ A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。‎ 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______.‎ ‎2. The word“…”most likely means _____.‎ ‎3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 ‎2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 28‎ ‎3. 通过构词法猜测词义 ‎4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 ‎5. 通过描述猜测词义 ‎6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 ‎7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. ‎ What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。‎ 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。‎ 设题方式 ‎1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____.‎ ‎2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____.‎ ‎3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____.‎ 解题技巧 ‎1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 ‎2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 ‎3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world,‎ 28‎ ‎ left-handed students can use their left hand to write.‎ What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.‎ 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。‎ 语篇精讲 浏览问题 ‎（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）‎ 题号 题干及选项 ‎1‎ What can you learn from the passage?（细节理解题）‎ A. The writer didn’t lose any weight in the end. ‎ B. The writer didn’t climb the Mayan pyramid. ‎ C. The writer didn’t take part in the big marathon。‎ D. The writer didn’t have holidays with his family. ‎ ‎2‎ What does the underlined sentence “I was revved up. ”probably mean?（词义猜测题）‎ A. I got excited. B. I felt moved. C. I was pushed. D. I was chosen. ‎ ‎3‎ Which words can best describe the writer in the passage?（推理判断题）‎ A. Clever and friendly. B. Interesting and proud. ‎ C. Humorous and hopeful. D. Kind and strong-willed. ‎ ‎4‎ The writer probably agrees that ________.（推理判断题）‎ A. one should never give up half way B. setting a goat is the key to success 28‎ C. one can learn by making and correcting mistakes D. trying but failing to reach the goal is still meaningful 通篇寻读 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 人生百味类 议论文 ‎461‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★★‎ Success by failure I had failed again. It was the day of the big marathon. I had decided three years ago to train for the half-marathon event and take home a medal. There I sat, in front of my TV, while I watched others cross the finish line. It was just another in a long string(串) of failures. I had never met a single weight loss or fitness goal and I was majoring in the art of failing. ‎ We are a family of exploration and often plan active vacations. It seemed that on every vacation I was the one who couldn’t go the distance. Each time I urged(催促) my family, “Go on without me. Bring me lots of pictures and videos. I’ll be fine just sitting here taking in the view. ” I lied. Sick of being left behind, I decided that it would never happen again. Sure I was in my 50s, but surely there was still hope for me. I always spent weeks walking to prepare for our active vacations. I had lost weight many times. I just always seemed to fail to get where I needed to be. ‎ But this time I would do something different. I was going to walk a half marathon. Surely I would lose weight and get in shape if I could complete over 12 miles in four hours. Besides, this would be training. Training sounded cooler than diet and exercise. I was revved up and ready to go. I bought the proper gear(装备), checked out what type of drinks would be handed out at the marathon and prepared a lot. I had a plan!‎ Now two years later, there I sat, watching thousands of people of all ages succeed where I had failed. I walked out, angry with myself, sat down and had myself a pity party. I was a master at the art of pity parties, having a great deal of experience in holding them. What was my problem? Where was I going wrong? I stopped and considered each failure, one by one. I made some very interesting discoveries. ‎ I had failed to climb to the top of that Mayan pyramid, but I did climb it and ‎ 28‎ stood on these ancient stones. I had failed to meet a single weight loss goal and yet I had lost 43 pounds. I couldn’t walk 12 miles in four hours, but I could walk 12 miles. ‎ All my failures were sounding like a success story. This time I was giving thanks. I was thankful that I had been given the spirit of failure because failure meant that I was trying, that I didn’t give up. I decided that I would be crossing the finish line next year. ‎ 逐题分析 语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇人生百味类的议论文。作者通过描写自己亲身的经历，最后论证了只要尝试过，尽管最后失败了，但过程仍然是有意义的这个观点。‎ ‎1. What can you learn from the passage?‎ A. The writer didn’t lose any weight in the end. ‎ B. The writer didn’t climb the Mayan pyramid. ‎ C. The writer didn’t take part in the big marathon。‎ D. The writer didn’t have holidays with his family. ‎ 解析：C 细节理解题。本题需要逐个排除选项。A项意为“作者最后没有减掉任何重量。”，根据文章倒数第二段关键句I had failed to meet a single weight loss goal and yet I had lost 43 pounds.可知作者减掉了43磅，所以此项错误；B项意为“作者没有登玛雅金字塔”，根据倒数第二段I had failed to climb to the top of that Mayan pyramid, but I did climb it and stood on these ancient stones.可知作者登过金字塔，只是没有登顶；C项意为“作者没有参加马拉松”，根据文章第一段There I sat, in front of my TV, while I watched others cross the finish line.可知比赛时，作者在电视机前，所以此项正确；D项意为“作者没有和家人度假”，根据第二段It seemed that on every vacation I was the one who couldn’t go the distance.可知作者去度假了，所以此项不符合题意，故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. What does the underlined sentence “I was revved up. ”probably mean?‎ A. I got excited. B. I felt moved. C. I was pushed. D. I was chosen. ‎ 解析：A 词义猜测题。A项意为“我变得激动”，B项意为“我感到感动”；C项意为“我被推动”；D项意为“我被选择”，根据划线短语前面句子Training sounded cooler than diet and 28‎ ‎ exercise可知“训练听起来比节食和锻炼更酷”，划线短语后面句子“ready to go”我准备好去了，可知作者内心对这件事是渴望的，激动的。故选A。‎ ‎3. Which words can best describe the writer in the passage?‎ A. Clever and friendly. B. Interesting and proud. ‎ C. Humorous and hopeful. D. Kind and strong-willed. ‎ 解析：C 推理判断题。A项意为“聪明的和友好的”；B项意为“有趣的和骄傲的”；C项意为“幽默的和有希望的”，D项意为“善良的和意志坚强的”。根据文章最后一段All my failures were sounding like a success story.可知作者认为所有的失败听起来就像成功的故事，所以作者是一个幽默的，对生活充满希望的人，故选C。‎ ‎4. The writer probably agrees that ________. ‎ A. one should never give up half way B. setting a goat is the key to success C. one can learn by making and correcting mistakes D. trying but failing to reach the goal is still meaningful 解析：D 推理判断题。A项意为“一个人从不应该半途而废”；B项意为“树立目标是成功的关键”；C项意为“人们可以通过犯错误并改正错误学习”；D项意为“尝试但没有达到目标仍然是有意义的”，根据文章最后一段All my failures were sounding like a success story.可知作者认为只要尝试过，尽管失败了，但仍是一种形式的成功，故选D。‎ 精讲笔记 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）‎ 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）‎ 28‎ 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）‎ 细节理解题 ‎1‎ 推理判断题 ‎3、4‎ 词义猜测题 ‎2‎ 主旨大意题 能力提升 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译★‎ 单词/短语 词性 词义 n.‎ 成功 n.‎ 失败 marathon ‎ n.‎ happen v.‎ prepare for adv.‎ 当然 adj.‎ 生气的 pity n. ‎ adj.‎ 感谢的 give up 28‎ 二、句子英汉互译★★‎ ‎1. 看起来他不在这。‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎2. 似乎她怕将此事告诉他们。‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎3. It seemed that on every vacation I was the one who couldn’t go the distance.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎4. I had failed to climb to the top of that Mayan pyramid, but I did climb it and stood on these ancient stones. I had failed to meet a single weight loss goal and yet I had lost 43 pounds. I couldn’t walk 12 miles in four hours, but I could walk 12 miles.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ ‎5. It snowed all day, and it seemed that it would never let up.‎ ‎______________________________________________.‎ 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 议论文 ‎432‎ ‎7分钟 ‎__/4‎ ‎★★★★‎ Entertainment (娱乐）is a developing business. Its popularity continues to grow as it keeps up with technology. More people are willing to pay for entertainment with their time and money. Sometimes entertainment is a form of escapism（逃避）.It takes us away from our reality and gets us into another world—not our own.‎ ‎• Why do we want to escape?‎ ‎ Boredom or loneliness: The boredom of daily life gets to us and we feel we need some excitement and a bit change. A TV running in the background, and maybe catching our attention every now and then, keeps us company.‎ ‎ Fear and avoidance: We don’t want to face something we fear, or can’t bring ourselves to move past the fear and do something about it. We’re scared to go for what we want, so we choose to turn on the TV.‎ ‎ Struggle: Life sometimes feels like a battle—traffic, work, taking care of ourselves and keeping up with what's going on. At the end of the day all we want 28‎ ‎ to do is forget about all of it and sit mindlessly in front of TV.‎ ‎ Escaping has never been easier than today. We have many forms of escape. And the most favored is entertainment.‎ ‎• _________‎ ‎ Easy to reach and affordable：You can stay at home and watch TV, or surf online all day long.‎ ‎ Social connection：one can line up for a new movie and socialize with other people or go to a ballgame and cheer for his or her favorite team. Entertainment has become something people have in common and can talk about.‎ ‎ All forms of entertainment are okay if we know what we're doing. And more importantly, we have complete control over when entertainment comes to an end.‎ ‎•To face our fears and reality or to escape?‎ ‎ If you tried escaping before and it didn't help, it's time to deal with the problems you face.‎ ‎ Before watching a TV show, make sure that the important thing is taken care of. Leave your favorite show to the end of the day, after you've taken care of what matters to you. This will allow you to enjoy every minute.‎ ‎ There is nothing wrong with entertainment, if we don' t place a higher value on it than our own reality and what matters to us.‎ ‎ When we entertain ourselves mindfully, we won't need to escape. We turn entertainment into the reality of the moment. And when we're done, we move on - with no regret. And that can be a lot of fun.‎ ‎1. One reason why we want to escape is that___________.（细节理解题）‎ A. we are eager to get over our fear ‎ B. we prefer to sit mindlessly before TV C. people are willing to pay for their entertainment D. people need some excitement and change in daily life ‎2. Which of the following sentences might be the best to fill in the blank?（段落主旨大意题）‎ A. Who can we socialize with? ‎ B. What's the best form of escapism?‎ C. Why is entertainment in such great need?‎ D. How does the entertainment business develop?‎ ‎3. Which of the following can explain the underlined sentence?（句意猜测题）‎ 28‎ A. We can stop entertaining when we want to.‎ B. It's more important to control our daily life.‎ C. Entertainment leads to the loss of self-control.‎ D. We need to learn about all forms of entertainment.‎ ‎4. The writer may agree that________.（推理判断题）‎ A. escape from life is more difficult than ever B. entertainment is the best way for us to enjoy life C. the popularity of entertainment depends on technology D. we can truly entertain ourselves with real matters done 参考答案 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 success n.‎ 成功 failure n.‎ 失败 marathon ‎ n.‎ 马拉松 happen v.‎ 发生 prepare for 为…准备 surely adv.‎ 当然 angry adj.‎ 生气的 pity n. ‎ 遗憾，怜悯 thankful adj.‎ 感谢的 give up 放弃 二、句子英汉互译。‎ ‎1. It seemed that he was not here. ‎ ‎2. It seemed that she was afraid to tell them about it. ‎ ‎3. 似乎在每个假期，我都是那个不能远距离出行的人。‎ ‎4. 我没有登上玛雅金字塔的顶端，但我攀登过而且站在这些古老石头的下面；我没有实现过一次减肥目标，但我至少减掉了43磅；我不能在四小时内走完十二英里，但我至少能走12英里。‎ ‎5. 雪一天到晚下着，好像永远不会停下来似的。‎ 28‎ 阅读练习 ‎1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 28‎