题型七 任务型阅读
贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势
任务型阅读是根据任务型教学设计而成的一种介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的题型。它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中的某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写结合的题型。这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解能力，也考查学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力，还考查学生运用英语语言将有关内容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。
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任务型
阅读
A.补全句子型阅读。(要求学生阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成文后的句子。)
5
2
10
20
B.填写表格型阅读。(要求学生阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成表格。)
5
2
10
贵阳中考任务型阅读有两种类型：补全句子型和填写表格型。
A篇近五年都为说明文，话题涉及青少年问题类(毒品)；历史文化类(丝绸之路)；嘻哈音乐；名人类(莎士比亚)。
B篇近五年说明文和记叙文交叉出现。话题涉及文化类(语言的变化)；哲理及励志故事类；社会关怀类(艾滋理解项目)；名人类(达尔文)。
解题方法与技巧
A．补全句子型阅读
补全句子型阅读一般给出一篇难度适中的阅读材料，要求学生根据短文提供的信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，所填写的词或词组具有很高的概括性和准确性。因此，学生必须认真阅读材料，尽可能从短文中找到相关语句，在尊重原文意思的基础上，仔细分析句子中所填空的成分，然后用其同义词或词组表达完成句子。一般来说，从文中直接找到答案的很少，多数情况下，学生需要提炼概括出所填空的内容，甚至变化句式来完成句子。这就要求学生在平时的阅读中，学会积累词、短语或句子的多种表达方式。训练并提升自己的根据短文大意概括每段甚至全文的核心内容的能力，从而为准确解答此类题型做好准备。具体的解题方法与技巧如下：
1．快速定位圈点
首先，快速浏览文后的5个句子，了解所缺词语的性质并预测所填内容；然后返回文中阅读，找到这5个句子所处的段落和位置；最后结合每个句子的含义，仔细研读该段落的内容，找出所填句子与原句之间的不同，圈出不同点。
2．巧妙运用转换
对于那些不能在原文中直接选定的答案，我们必须认真阅读材料，分析所要填写的词语，并用其同义词、近义词、反义词或短语等填空。一般情况下，所填答案都是原文的改写，所以必须尊重原文的意思，不能脱离原文胡乱填空。在平时的阅读训练中，学生须掌握设空规律，了解常用词、短语或句子的同义转换，提高答题准确率。
3．注意答题细节
学生在填写句子时，除了明确所填内容外，还应注意以下几点：(1)正确拼写单词；(2)注意首字母的大小写、名词的单复数、主谓一致、时态语态及非谓语动词的使用等；(3)语言简练、准确。另外，书写工整在答题的过程中也十分重要。
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B．填写表格型阅读
填写表格型阅读通常是先给出一段阅读材料，根据材料所给的信息填写表格、补全句子或短文中空缺的信息。此类题目通常难度不大，大部分信息都可以直接在原材料中找到。因此，学生要先通读材料，注意所填信息在原材料中的出处，就不难完成任务。但也有个别信息不可能直接在原材料中找得到，需要根据某些细节、线索或关键词语进行推理、归纳才能完成任务。填写时重在达意，并不一定要用短文中的原词。对于这种阅读题，关键在于分析图表中已存在的信息点，然后根据已给出的信息点寻找相对应的信息。具体的解题方法与技巧如下：
1．阅读短文，领略大意，把握文章的结构、层次，弄清局部和整体的关系，提取有用信息。
2．识读图表，把握图表的结构、层次，弄清每空的考查点，是细节题还是主旨大意题。
3．把握空格处的考查点，检索信息并答题。细节理解题回到原文相关处一般能直接找到答案，主旨大意题(概括标题等)要在理解文章大意、把握文章结构的基础上进行分析、概括，从而提炼出重要信息或文章主旨。
(2018贵阳初中毕业生学业考试)
A．阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成文后的句子。
Drug(毒品) use in Britain has increased by 30% in the last five years.Use of hard drugs，for example，cocaine(可卡因) and crack cocaine，is increasing as a result of these drugs becoming cheaper and easier to buy.
Young people in Britain are more likely than other Europeans to take illegal(非法的) drugs.UK teenagers are taking up to five times more illegal drugs，for example，ecstasy tablets(摇头丸) and cannabis(大麻制品)，than in other European countries.The most common drug for UK teenagers is cannabis.Over 35% of 15 to 16yearolds say they have tried it.Harder drugs such as crack cocaine are less common.As many as one in twelve 12yearolds have taken drugs.
British law puts drugs into three groups，from the most dangerous Class A drugs to the least addictive(使人上瘾的) Class C drugs：
·Class A：hard drugs，for example，crack cocaine；
·Class B：for example，ecstasy tablets；
·Class C：“soft” drugs，for example，cannabis，which are also addictive and dangerous.
In the UK there are possibly 500，000 Class A drug users.As a result，the UK spends ￡390 million a year on treatment centers to fight drug use.Treatment centers spend more than ￡3，000 to help every drug user.But only 3，800 drug users a year successfully go through the drug treatment.
Teenagers gave the following reasons in order of importance；
·to copy their friends and to look cool；
·so as to have a good time and to feel good；
·in order to see what it is like and to experience something new；
·so as to be like adults，but to be different from their parents；
·because the drugs are cheap and easy to buy；
·because they have nothing better to do with their time.
1．One reason for people taking more hard drugs in the UK is that ______ are becoming lower.
2．The UK teenagers take much more drugs than teenagers in any other ______．
3．Under British law，from Class A drugs to Class C drugs，all of them are ______．
4．The UK government works hard on the drug treatment.But only a small number of ______ in the UK can get out of the drug addiction every year.
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5．As for how to stop themselves from taking drugs，the UK teenagers should ______．
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国青少年吸毒的现状、原因及英国采取的措施。
1．the prices 【解析】题干意为：英国人吸烈性毒品的其中一个原因是 ______变得更低了。根据第一段最后一句“…these drugs becoming cheaper…”可知此处应填the prices。
2．European country 【解析】题干意为：英国青少年比其他任何 ______ 的青少年要吸更多的毒品。根据第二段第一句“Young people in Britain are more likely than other Europeans to take illegal drugs.”，可知此处应填 European country.
3．dangerous and addictive 【解析】题干意为：英国法律中，从A等级到C等级的毒品都是______。根据第三段“British law puts drugs into three groups，from the most dangerous Class A to the least addictive Class C drugs.”可知此处应填dangerous and addictive 。
4．drug users 【解析】题干意为：英国政府在毒品治疗方面很努力。但在英国每年只有少数的________能摆脱毒瘾。根据第七段最后一句“But only 3，800 drug users a year successfully get through the drug treatment.”可知此处应填drug users。
5．learn more about the dangers of drugs 【解析】题干意为：对于如何预防自身吸毒，英国青少年应该______。此题为主观题，文中未直接提及到英国青少年应该如何做，所以言之有理即可。
B．阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成表格。
English is always changing.The English that people used 500 years ago is very different from the English we use now.Even in the last fifty years，English has changed.New words are entering our language all the time.The words Internet，email and mobile phone are only twenty years old.The word website is even younger.We only started using it fifteen years ago.But what causes languages to change？And is language change a positive or a negative thing?
There are many reasons that languages change.One reason is that technology changes.We use new words for new types of technology.Thirty years ago，we only used the word mouse in English to describe an animal.Today，the word mouse also means the object you use to control a computer.Another important reason for language change is communication between different countries and cultures.For instance，English uses words like sugar from Arabic，shampoo from Hindi and yoghurt from Turkish.Languages also change because young people create their own way of talking that is different from their parents.Teenagers often use new slang—informal words and phrases—to talk to their friends.Some slang gets forgotten，but other slang words become part of normal，everyday language.Words like bus and rock music started as slang，but now they are in the dictionary and everyone uses them.
But is language change a good thing or a bad thing？Some people think that we should stop languages from changing.They think that they need to protect their language or it will die or become worse.In France，there is an organization called L'Academic Francaise that decides what is correct and what is incorrect in French. They look at the new words that people are using and decide whether they are good French or not.There are also organizations like this in other countries，such as Indonesia and Spain.However，other people believe that language change is a natural thing and shouldn't be stopped.They think that it is normal that languages change over time.They think that languages need to change to stay modern and interesting.
Title：Language Change
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Changes of English
★English 1.______ in the past 500 years.
New words are entering our language all the time，such as email and website.
Three reasons for language change
★Technology changes.
The word“mouse”also means“鼠标” in Chinese today.
★People from different countries and cultures 2.______．Words like sugar，shampoo，and yoghurt are from different countries.
★Young people create their own way of talking.
Some slang words 3.______ while other slang becomes part of everyday language.
4.______ on language change
★Some think language change 5.______．If not，their language will become worse or die.
★Some think language change is normal and natural.It can make languages stay modern and interesting.
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了英语发生的变化，语言产生变化的原因及人们对此的看法。
1．has changed 【解析】题干意为：英语______在过去的五百年。根据第一段前三句“English is always changing.The English that people used 500 years ago is very different from the English we use now.Even in the last fifty years，English has changed.”可知此处应填has changed。
2．communicate differently 【解析】题干意为：来自于不同国家和文化的人们______。根据第二段第六句“Another important reason for language change is communication between different countries and cultures.”可知此处应填communicate differently。
3．get forgotten 【解析】题干意为：一些俚语 ______ 然而另一些俚语成了人们日常语言的一部分。根据第二段倒数第二句“Some slang gets forgotten，but other slang words become part of normal，everyday language.”可知此处应填get forgotten。
4．Two different opinions 【解析】题干意为：______关于语言变化。此题为概括题，根据表格右侧内容“Some think language change…；Some think language change…”可知此处是人们对于语言变化的两种不同的观点，故填Two different opinions。
5．should be prevented 【解析】题干意为：一些人认为语言变化________。否则他们的语言将会变得更糟甚至消失。根据第三段第二句“Some people think that we should stop languages from changing.”可知此处应填 should be prevented。
A．阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成文后的句子。
Putonghua(Mandarin Chinese) is the language of the Han people，but most of the other ethnic groups also have their own languages or dialects.That can make communication difficult when they speak to each other without using the common language，Putonghua.However，people from different places can understand the same written characters.
Mandarin Chinese is the most commonly used language.It is taught in all schools and it is the medium of the government.And today people across China are encouraged to use Putonghua in offices and public places.
Spoken Chinese is a tonal language，with four tones in addition to individual sounds.For instance，the word “Ma” can mean “mother，” “bother，” “horse，” or “scold，” depending on how it is said.To help the learning of Chinese，a Romanization system called Pinyin has replaced
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other earlier Romanized spellings(the capital of China is spelled Beijing instead of the earlier spelling of “Peking”)．It was devised in 1958 and has been taken as a standard form to represent Chinese sounds.
The Chinese writing system is pictographic(象形文字的)．This means that a “picture” represents an idea or a word.Therefore，the Chinese writing system isn't the same as that of most western languages.The words for these languages are represented by letters，while Chinese words are represented by characters.Some Chinese characters were developed as simple pictures from nature，such as animals，birds，mountains，and rivers.Although the style writing has changed and gradually been transformed over at least 5，000 years into the characters used today，Chinese is the only major writing system of the world that has continued its pictographbased system without interruption(中断) and still uses it.Many students of Chinese are first attracted to the language because of the writing system，which is surely one of the most fascinating scripts in the world.
1．Putonghua is the common language used by __Han__people__and ethnic groups for communication.
2．Mandarin Chinese is widely used in schools，offices and public places __across__China__．
3．To help the learning of Chinese，Pinyin has__taken__the__place__ of other earlier Romanized spellings.
4．The Chinese writing system __is__different__from__ that of most western languages.
5．The best title of this passage is “__The__Introduction__of__Mandarin__Chinese__．”
B．阅读短文，捕捉信息，根据短文内容完成表格。
Do you feel cool and calm？If your answer is no，you're not alone.In today's society，many people find it difficult to slow down.Fastpaced lifestyles make it hard for many people to really relax.The good news is that you needn't escape to a nice place to relax.You can experience these in the middle of a stressfilled life.
Better thinking
The ability of relaxation depends more on your thinking than your situation.The next time when you suffer from worry，
think about the situation.What is the problem？What is the cause？Most importantly，what can you do about it？Then，make an “action plan” or a “todo list” to help you feel less worried.However，if the situation is not in your hands，you should let it go.Take a walk，exercise and talk to a friend to get your mind off the problem.
A habit of relaxing
Even the busiest people arrange short periods of relaxation into their timetable.They do so because they know it's necessary.The time you spend relaxing is an important period.A 10minute break in the middle of a long workday can increase your productivity(生产力)．You can find an activity，such as exercise，a hot bath or a favorite TV show，to make you come to life.A few restful hours of doing something you really enjoy may help you to face a busy week.
Restful sleep
Unfortunately，not being able to relax causes some people to lose their most important rest：sleep.If that's you，write everything in your diary before going to bed.Write down not only problems but also possible solutions.This can help you release thoughts that might prevent you from getting needed sleep.
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Finally，recognize your disadvantages.You can't do everything perfectly，but you can get the rest and relaxation you need to do many things better.
Title：Ways to 1.__Feel__Relaxed__
Better thinking
When you suffer from worry，think about the situation. 2.__Making__an__“action__plan”__ or a “todo list” can help you feel less worried.
A habit of relaxing
A few restful hours may help you to face a busy week，even the busiest people know 3.__it's__necessary__ to arrange short periods of relaxation into their timetable.
Restful sleep
Before going to bed，write down both 4.__problems__and__possible__solutions__ in you diary.This can help you get needed sleep.
You can 5.__do__many__things__better__ by getting the rest and relaxation you need though you can't do everything perfectly.
2019备考猜押
A
When you sleep somewhere else, like at a summer camp or a friend's house, you know you're there for a fun time. But for some kids, when they are away from home they feel sad. They start to miss their own beds, their own parents, and all the things at home. It's called being homesick. Do you want to feel less homesick? The following can help you.
Spend more time in doing fun things. The more fun things you do, the less time you'll feel homesick. So try to take part in activities and soon you might start to have a good time.
You can make a plan to call your mum or dad. For a night visit, maybe you can call once that night, and again in the morning. In the camp, you might set a regular day and time for a phone call home. You can also send emails or short messages to keep in touch(保持联系) with family and friends. If you're going to be away for a while, you might even write a letter! When you get in touch with someone, make sure to tell them about the fun things you're doing!
Sometimes, just tell someone that you're feeling homesick. This will help you feel better. Maybe you can tell a friend that you feel homesick. And the two of you can do something fun, such as telling jokes. If you're at camp, a camp counselor(顾问) would be a good person to talk to. He or she might have some ideas to help you feel better.
Title：How to Deal with Homesickness
When to feel
homesick
When you are 1.__away__from__home__，you might feel homesick.
2.__(Some)__ways__ to help you feel less homesick
Find 3.__fun__things__．Try to take part in a lot of activities.
Make a plan to call your parents.
Send emails or 4.__short__messages__ to your family and friends.
Write a letter if you are away for a while.
You will feel better if you 5.__talk__to/tell__someone__，such as a friend or a camp counselor.
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B
The Yellow River is known as the mother river by all the Chinese people，the 5，464kilometer(about 3，395 miles)Yellow River is the second longest river in China after the Yangtze River.The headwaters of this mighty river lie in Kunlun Mountains in northwestern Qinghai Province.It runs through nine provinces and autonomous regions on its way to the Bohai Sea.It is not exaggerating to say that Yellow River is a melting pot，because there are more than 30 branches and countless streams feeding it through its course.The vigorous upper reaches of the Yellow River starts in Qinghai Province to Hekouzhen in Inner Mongolia.This magnificent river flows quietly，like a mild and gentle mother in this section，watering the farmlands and feeding the people.Its middle reaches ends at Taohuayu in Zhengzhou City，Henan Province.Here the Yellow River splits the Loess Plateau(黄土高坡) in half，forming the longest continuous gorge in the whole drainage(排水) area of the river.The Yellow River's lower reaches ends in a delta on the Bohai Sea.
It is agreed upon by almost all the Chinese people that the Yellow River is the beginning of Chinese civilization，the spiritual home of the Chinese people.It is the water of the Yellow River and its spirit that nurture(养育) the whole Chinese nation.For thousands of years，the Yellow River has been admired by literary giants，artists，as well as by the common people.The Yellow River is not just several letters，nor is it just the name of a yellowochrecolored river.It bears special significance，the symbol of the Chinese nation，the spirit of the Chinese people and more importantly，civilization itself.
1．The Yellow River is regarded as __the__mother__river__ by all the Chinese people.
2．The Yellow River runs through __nine__provinces__and__autonomous__regions__ on its way to the Bohai Sea.
3．The section from Qinghai to Hekouzhen is like a gentle mother because it flows quietly，__waters__the__farmlands__and__feeds__the__people__．
4．We consider the Yellow River as not only the origin of Chinese culture but also __the__spiritual__home__of__the__Chinese__people__．
5．According to the passage，__the__water__ of the Yellow River and its spirit nurture the whole Chinese nation.
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