五四真题剖析
(一)选择型阅读理解
A
(2018·山东威海中考)Amanda Kitts is one of “tomorrow's people”—people who have artificial(人工的) body parts. She has a bionic(电子操控的) arm.
Now, Kitts runs a daycare center. Children run up to her happily as she comes into the classroom. She bends over to talk with a small girl. As she bends, Kitts puts her hands on her knees. For most people, this would be easy. However, just a few years ago, this was impossible for Kitts.
In 2006, Kitts was in a car accident. A truck crushed(挤坏) her left arm and the doctor had to cut it off. “I was angry, sad, depressed. I just couldn't accept it，” she says. But then she heard about a new technique that could use the remaining nerves(神经) in her shoulder to control an artificial arm.
In a difficult operation, a doctor moved Kitts's nerves to different areas of her upperarm muscles. For months, the nerves grew. Millimeter by millimeter, they moved deeper into their new homes. “At three months I started feeling little tingles and twitches(刺痛和抽搐)，”she said. A month later, she got her first bionic arm. A research engineer worked with Kitts to make the computer programs match her real movements more and more closely.
Today, Kitts's arm is great, but it's not yet perfect. She wants feeling in her hands. For example, she needs to feel whether something is rough or smooth. She also needs feeling to do one of her favorite things—drink coffee. “The problem with a paper coffee cup is that my hand will close until it gets a solid grip，” she says. One time at a coffee shop, her hand kept closing until it crushed the cup. But Kitts says positively, “ One day I'll be able to feel things with it... and clap my hands... to the songs my kids are singing.”
1．What is the difference between Kitts and normal people?
A．She has a bionic arm.
B．She can bend.
C．She can put her hands on her knees.
2．Kitts got her first bionic arm after the difficult operation.
A．almost three months
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B．over one month
C．more than four months
3．Kitts is able to with her bionic hand.
A．clap her hands
B．hold things
C．feel rough or smooth things
4．Kitts's attitude toward her new arm is ．
A．positive B．angry C．perfect
5．Choose the right order of the events.
①Kitts heard about a new technique.
②Kitts crushed a paper coffee cup.
③Kitts had two human arms.
④A truck hit Kitts's car.
⑤Kitts got her first bionic arm.
⑥Doctors moved some of the nerves in Kitts's arm.
A．④①⑥⑤②③
B．③④⑤①②⑥
C．③④①⑥⑤②
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【答案及解析】
1．A 细节理解题。由第一段可知Kitts有一个电子操控的手臂，故选A。
2．C 细节理解题。由第四段中的“‘At three months I started feeling little tingles and twitches.’”和“A month later, she got her first bionic arm.”可以推断出是四个多月以后她获得了电子手臂，故选C。
3．B 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句可知“feel things”与“clap hands”是她希望以后可以实现的，故现在她不可以做这些事，故选B。
4．A 细节理解题。由最后一段可以看出尽管Kitts的胳膊不完美，但她仍然对未来充满希望，她希望自己将能够感受事物以及鼓掌等，故她对于自己的“新手”的态度是乐观的。
5．C 细节理解题。通读全文可知，Kitts一开始和正常人一样，拥有一对人类的手臂；后来发生了交通事故；Kitts听说了一种新科技；她决定做手术，医生把她的神经移植到她的手臂不同的区域；她得到了她的第一个由电子操控的手臂；她的“新手臂”挤坏了纸杯。故选C。
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B
(2018·山东烟台中考)
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1.What can we know about the tent?
A．It's pink.
B．It's for boys.
C．It's easy to fit together and take down.
2．Why is it of great value to eat at Peng Lai Chun Restaurant?
A．Because the food there is cheap and delicious.
B．Because it is very busy.
C．Because all kids can eat at half price on Wednesdays there.
3．If Susan wants to work as an assistant at Dicken's Books, she ．
A．should call John Hunter at 7683647
B．can earn at most ￡384 a week
C．A and B
4．We can't in Golden Shopping Plaza.
A．buy the clothing on sale for under $60 before the show
B．see women's swimwear or summer wear
C．see 26 pretty and cool models in the latest fashions
5．According to the information above, which of the following is NOT true?
A．The assistant at Dicken's Books has to work for 8 hours a day.
B．The holes in the windows of the tent can let the air and bugs in.
C．The Summer Fashion Show starts at 2：00 in the afternoon on Saturday.
【答案及解析】
1．C 细节理解题。根据帐篷广告信息中第一句可知C项正确。
2．A 细节理解题。根据餐馆广告信息中“Delicious and great value！You can get a starter, a main course and a drink only for ￥18！”可知A正确。
3．B 细节理解题。 A选项电话号码错误；根据招聘广告中的信息可知，一周工作6天，每天8小时，每小时8英镑，故最多挣6×8×8＝384英镑，故B正确。
4．A 细节理解题。根据时装秀广告中“All clothing on sale after the show for under $60.”可知选A。
5．B 细节理解题。根据招聘广告中“8 a．m.～4 p．m.”可知工作时间为8小时，A正确；根据时装秀广告中“2：00 p．m. Saturday”可知C正确；根据帐篷广告信息中“These holes let the air in and keep the bugs out.”可知B项说法错误。
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C
(2018·山东莱芜中考)One sunny Monday, I decided to go for a walk with my husband. I was wearing a special diamond(钻石) ring that day. It was my 20th birthday gift from my grandmother.
As we were walking in the park, I unintentionally looked down at my hand and found the diamond on my ring was missing. I was really worried, so I went back to look for it. I knew how small the chances were of finding it, but I still wanted to give it a try.
As I was fixing my eyes on the ground, I ran into an old gentleman by accident. “What's wrong, love？”he asked nicely. “Sorry that I ran into you，” I said. “But I lost something. I'm really worried.” I explained about the missing diamond and showed him the hole in my ring. “That's not going to be easy to find it，” he said. “Tell you what, love, I take a walk here every day. I'll keep my eyes open for it.” I thanked him, expecting nothing.
A few days later, my husband and I met the old man again in the park. “Guess what，” he said. “I found your diamond！” I couldn't believe what I saw when the gentleman handed the diamond back to me. Then my husband offered him money for his help, but he refused.
The old man could have easily kept the diamond or sold it, as it's worth several thousand dollars. But he didn't. All I have to do is to look at my ring and remind myself that there are still kind and generous souls out there. Now thanks to this man, I'll spend more time trying to do something nice for other people.
1．The relationship between the lady and the old gentleman is ．
A．Husband and wife
B．Father and daughter
C．Owner and thief
D．Strangers
2．The underlined word“unintentionally” in Paragraph 2 probably
means ．
A．有意地 B．无意间 C．故意地 D．不小心
3．After the gentleman found the diamond, he ．
A．called 911 to look for the lady
B．sold the diamond for a lot of money
C．kept the diamond to himself
D．returned it when he met the lady
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4．According to the passage, we can know the following EXCEPT ．
A．the diamond ring is a special gift for the lady
B．the lady lost her ring while she was walking
C．she knew it was difficult for her to find the diamond
D．she was surprised when the gentleman handed the diamond back to her
5．The main idea of the story is “ ”．
A．Always trust people who offer help
B．Strangers can be very nice sometimes
C．Keep an eye on your own things
D．Keep your eyes on the road when you walk on the street
【答案及解析】
1．D 推理判断题。由文章中第三段第一句和第四段倒数第一句可推测文中女士和老先生的关系应该是陌生人。故选D。
2．B 词义猜测题。由第二段第一句可知，作者和丈夫在公园散步的时候发现戒指上钻石丢失了，故应是无意之中发现的，故选B。
3．D 细节理解题。 由第四段第一二句可知老先生找到了戒指，当遇到作者时把戒指归还给了作者，故选D。
4．B 细节理解题。由第一段第一句可知A项正确；由第二段最后一句可知C项正确；由第四段第二句可知D项正确。故选B。
5．A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一位陌生人将作者丢失的钻石归还给了她的故事，故A项与文章的主旨最接近。
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(二)判断正误型阅读理解
(2018·山东威海中考)
阅读C篇，判断正(A)误(B)。A表示正确，B表示错误。
Bangladesh(孟加拉) is an agricultural country between India and Burma. Storms from the Indian Ocean sweep across the country every year, and large areas of farming land are flooded(冲毁). The people are very poor.
Fewer than half of the country's children complete their primary education. When they are six or seven years old, many children leave school to work in the fields or at home. The rest of their “education” consists of looking after cattle, collecting firewood or doing household jobs.
Not long ago, an experimental school was opened near the capital, Dacca, to help poor children. There are only 120 children in the school, which has three classrooms. In each class, forty pupils are divided into four groups of ten. Each pupil is free to decide which group he or she wants to join.
The most able pupils do a great deal of the teaching. They act as group monitors. Their duty is to ensure that all pupils in their group understand and practice what the teacher has taught.
There are a number of unusual features in the Bangladesh school. Children do not move up a class automatically when they grow older. Each group is promoted(升级) only when EVERY pupil in it has succeeded in getting to the right standard. As a result, all members of a group work hard to help the less able pupils. Nobody is left behind.
Lessons are extremely practical and include work on farming, carpentry, health and running a home—as well as lessons on the basic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. At school, pupils prepare for adult life by learning to carry out almost all the tasks which they will face when they grow older.
If pupils have to look after cattle or young children, they are allowed to bring them to school. If a child has to stay at home to help his parents, there is no scolding or punishment(责罚) at school. Children enjoy their lessons and the school is cheap to run. It is so successful that other schools in Bangladesh are beginning to imitate(模仿) its methods. Visitors are even coming from other agricultural countries to see if they can use a similar method.
1．Many people in Bangladesh work on farms.
2．Most children in Bangladesh complete their primary education.
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3．In each group, the biggest or oldest pupil is made a monitor.
4．At the end of each school year, all the pupils move to a higher class.
5．At school, pupils learn to do almost all the tasks needed in adult life.
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【答案及解析】
1．A 细节理解题。从第一句话可以看出孟加拉是一个农业大国，所以许多的人从事农业是正确的。
2．B 细节理解题。由第二段第一句可知少于一半的学生完成初级教育，所以大多数学生完成初级教育是错误的。
3．B 细节理解题。从第四段的第一、二句可知，最有能力的学生成为组长，故此描述错误。
4．B 细节理解题。从第五段的第二、三句可知，只有组内的每个孩子都达到标准才能够升级，所以此描述错误。
5．A 细节理解题。由第六段最后一句可知此描述正确。
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(三)还原型阅读理解
(2018·山东威海中考)
阅读D篇，根据短文内容，将下面方框中的句子还原到文章当中，使短文内容完整。
Complain(抱怨) Politely
Not everything goes the way you want it to. You may go to a restaurant and order a nice meal. But your order is wrong or not cooked properly. You may buy a product that breaks the next day. 1 However, if you speak angrily to people, they will become defensive(自卫的). Then they are less likely to help you. A more effective(有效的) way to get what you want is to stay calm.
Use polite language and a friendly tone of voice. Start with phrases such as, “I'm sorry to bother you, but...”or“Excuse me, but could you...？” For example, “I'm sorry to bother you, but I ordered potato soup, not vegetable.” Phrasing your complaint as a question also helps. 2 “Could you help me? I just bought this phone case yesterday, but it's cracked.”
3 There is no faster way to make someone defensive than by blaming them. Use the phrase，“I know this isn't your fault, but...”or “There has been a misunderstanding.” 4 Blaming people isn't as important as getting a problem fixed!
There are honest mistakes, but at times someone may try to take advantage of you. In that case, don't say “Hey! You're trying to cheat me！” Instead, use the phrase, “I understood that...” For example, “I understood that the service charge was included in the price.” Then give the person a chance to answer.
If you don't get what you want with polite conversation, ask to speak to a manager or supervisor. 5
A．When trying to correct a problem, don't blame(责备) the person you're talking to.
B．People like to be asked rather than told!
C．But usually, you'll find that polite words and a smile will resolve a situation.
D．These kinds of experiences make you want to complain.
E．These phrases let people know you are only angry at the situation.
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【答案及解析】
1．D 推理判断题。前文列举了不合自己心意的经历，结合语境可知，接下来描述这些经历可能会让你想要抱怨。故选D。
2．B 推理判断题。结合前文可知，以问题的形式来表达自己的不满会有帮助，后文举例说明如何提问题，故此处描述人们通常喜欢被问而不是被告诉，故选B。
3．A 推理判断题。由空后内容可知，责备某人会让他很快地疏远自己，故此处应该表示当更正一个问题时，不要责备正在和你交谈的人，故选A。
4．E 推理判断题。前文举例描述，当你想要更正某人的错误时，可以如何去表达，结合语境可推知此处应该是说明这样表达的好处，故选E。
5．C 推理判断题。最后总结介绍：如果按照以上讲述的方法去做的话，问题通常会得到解决。故选C。
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