专题12 名词性从句
一、选择题
1．I suspect ________ Emily was lying when she described the incident，for I know her well.
A．whether B．that
C．what D．how
答案 B
2．Lacking in the spirit of innovation，the small island country remains ________ it was 5 years ago.
A．what B．when
C．why D．which
答案 A
解析 句意为：由于缺乏创新精神，这个小岛国家仍然和五年前一样。remains后为what引导的表语从句，what在从句中作表语，故选A项。
3．In 1776，two Spanish men were seeking a way to travel from Santa Fe，in ________ is now New Mexico，to California on the west coast of North America.(2018·苏州学情调研，25)
A．where B．that
C．which D．what
答案 D
解析 句意为：在1776年，两名西班牙男子正在寻找一条从圣达菲——就在现在的新墨西哥州——到在北美西海岸的加利福尼亚州的路。介词in后为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，应用what引导，故选D项。
4．________ Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mum can ensure him warm meals.
A．That B．When
C．Whether D．How
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答案 B
解析 句意为：杰克放学后何时到家是被计算好的，这样的话妈妈可以保证他能吃到热饭。根据句意可知，为了保证他能吃上热饭，因此被计算的是杰克到家的时间，应用when引导主语从句，故选B项。
5．A problem has occurred ________ we should develop innovative thinking abilities in the classrooms by giving students opportunities to generate new ideas.
A．what B．where
C．whether D．that
答案 C
6．Our health is ______ we make of it—give it attention and it improves；give it none and it weakens.
A．what B．whether
C．how D．who
答案 A
解析 此处为what引导的表语从句。句意为：我们的健康取决于我们如何对待它——多关注它，它便会改善，不关心它，它就会变得虚弱。故选A。
9．Following the decline in house prices in many small and mediumsized cities, there are now signs ________ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide.
答案：that 句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的趋势。signs后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词that引导。
10．Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech, through which we know ________ he said meant to the black.
11．New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are ________ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.
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答案：that 句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用that引导。
12．There is a strong possibility ________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future.
答案：that 句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整，不缺少成分，且是对possibility的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故填that。
13．As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
答案：what 句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填what。
14． ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
答案：When 句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much on是句子的谓语，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填when。
15． Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.
答案：what/whatever/anything 句意为：振作起来，勇气就是去做(任何)你害怕做的事。分析题干可知，doing后为宾语从句，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语且表物。也可填anything。
16．The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.
答案：whoever 句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是……的人”，相当于anyone who，故用whoever。
17．I couldn't imagine ________difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital.
答案：how 句意为：我无法想象这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词difficult，应该用how修饰，how difficult it was意为“这是多么困难”。
18．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.”
答案：where 句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用where引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
19．Some people believe______has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
答案：whatever 句意为：一些人认为，无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会在将来重演。从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论……的事情”，故填whatever。
20．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea______he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
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三、单句改错
1． I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me.
答案：what改为which 此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义，故“疑问词＋不定式”结构中的疑问词应用which。
2．You want to know that everthing is going in our school.
答案：that改为how 宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，表示go的程度，表示“我们学校的情况如何”，故用how。
3．The problem is what the “Play” doesn't work at all.
答案：what改为that 表语从句的引导词在从句中不作成分，而且不表示意义，故用that。what在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。
4． There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance.
答案：whether改为that 否定句或疑问句中doubt后的从句用that引导，肯定句doubt后的从句用whether/if引导。There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。
5． At that time, I just wondered that my mother was so delighted.
答案：that改为why 根据wonder判断，引导词表示“为什么”意义，故用why。句子表示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。
6．Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake.
答案：Which改为What What is worse是固定用法，意为“更糟糕的是”。
7．I went up and asked what I could help them.
答案：what改为if/whether 宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分，再根据ask判断句子的引导词表示疑问意义，故应为if/whether。
8．As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year.
9． That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence.
答案：That改为What 主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作learn的宾语，故用what。
10． Next, we can know ________is going on at any time.
答案：what know后是一个宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故填what。
四、语法填空
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Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had __1__interesting experience. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic(算术). His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents __2__ she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, “Isn't it too bad __3__Alfred can't do arithmetic？” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, feeling that it was useless to try.
One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a problem __4__ none of the other students had been able to solve.
Alder succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea __5__ he could not do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His __6__(angry) and his new found faith stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked __7__interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became __8__(extraordinary) good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he can do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience, if a person __9__(go) at a job with determination and purpose, his ability may make himself as well as others __10__(astonish)．
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．an experience在此表示“经历”，是可数名词；此处泛指“一次有趣的经历”，用不定冠词。
2．what 该词引导宾语从句，并在从句中作thought的宾语，指事物，故填what。
3．that it是形式主语，要填的词引导从句作真正主语，而主语从句不缺少成分，表达陈述意义，所以用that。
4．which/that 所填的词引导定语从句，修饰先行词problem，并在从句中作宾语，故填which或that。
5．that 该词引导idea的同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，意义也完整，故填that。
6．anger 前面有his作定语，与his new found faith一起作主语，故填名词anger。
7．with 此处表示“带有，有”意义，所以应该填介词with。
8．extraordinarily 修饰形容词good，意为“极其，极端地”，用副词。
9．goes if引导的从句讲的是事实，所以用一般现在时，主语是a person，故填goes。
10．astonished 在动词make后作宾语补足语，表示宾语的状态和感受，故填形容词astonished“惊讶的”。
四、短文改错
When it comes to the TV, there will be different word in different persons' minds. Some people think that watch TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons or know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill
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their spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.
Therefore, every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only do it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad affect on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way.
答案：
When it comes to the TV, there will be different in different persons' minds. Some people think that TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill spare time. Finally, we can predict may happen in the future and be prepared.
， every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way.
解析：
第三处：or→and 根据句意“首先，我们能够通过看最近的新闻和报道开阔视野，并且能够更多地了解世界”可知，broaden和know是并列关系，且是肯定句，应用and连接。
第四处：latest前加the latest是最高级，故前面加the。
第五处：their→our 本文叙述以第一人称为主，此处指代“我们的”，故将their改为our。
第六处：that→what predict后为宾语从句，从句中缺主语，且指物，故将that改为what。
第七处：Therefore→However 根据语境可知，上下文是转折关系而非因果关系。
第八处：do→does 当not only置于句首时，其后的句子要进行部分倒装，即将助动词提至主语之前，由于句子的主语是it，故助动词用does。
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