2019中考英语短文改错、首字母填空、阅读优享新题（8）
一、阅读理解。
A
（2019中考选练）
Life is full of surprises and you never know how things will turn out.
Sir John Gurdon is a good example of this. As a boy, he was told he was hopeless in science and finished bottom of his class. However, aged 79, the very same Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell（干细胞） researcher Shinya Yamanaka.
Like so many scientists, Gurdon shows us where the power of curiosity and perseverance（坚持不懈） can lead.
At the age of 15 in 1948, Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at his high school in biology and every other science subject. Gurdon’s high school science teacher even said that his dream of becoming a scientist was quite ridiculous.
In spite of his teacher’s criticism, Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard. He went to the lab earlier and left later than anyone else. He experienced thousands of failures.
“My own belief is that we will, in the end, understand everything about how cells actually work,” Gurdon said.
In 1962, Gurdon took a cell from an adult frog and moved its genetic（基因的） information into an egg cell. The egg cell then grew into a clone（克隆） of the adult frog. This technique later helped to create the sheep Dolly in 1996, the first cloned mammal（哺乳动物） in the world.
In 2006, Gurdon’s work was developed by Yamanaka to show that a sample（样本） of a person’s skin can be used to create stem cells. Using this technique, doctors can repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.
“Luck favors the prepared mind,” Gurdon told the Nobel Prize Organization. “Ninety percent of the time things don’t work, but when they do, you have to seize （抓住） the chance.”
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1.Who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine?
A.Sir John Gurdon.
B.Shinya Yamanaka.
C.Sir John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka.
D.Gurdon’s science teacher.
2.What does the underlined word “ridiculous” mean in Chinese?
A.无知的 B.无畏的
C.荒废的 D.荒谬的
3.According to the passage, which statement is true?
A.As a boy, Gurdon was told he was hopeful.
B.Gurdon ranked first at his high school in biology.
C.It’s impossible for the doctors to repair a patient’s heart after a heart attack.
D.In spite of his teacher’s criticism, Gurdon kept working hard.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.Ninety percent of the time things don’t work.
B.Luck favors the prepared mind.
C.Life is full of pleasure.
D.How cells actually work.
[主旨大意] 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了科学家Gurdon刻苦钻研,克隆出青蛙,最终获得诺贝尔医学奖的故事。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“…Gurdon shared the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Japanese stem cell(干细胞) researcher Shinya Yamanaka.”可知,Sir John Gurdon和Shinya Yamanaka获得了2012年诺贝尔医学奖。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys”可以判断,这与成为一个科学家的梦想差距太大。ridiculous意为“荒谬的,可笑的”。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“In spite of his teacher’s criticism, Gurdon followed his curiosity and kept working hard.”可知,尽管老师批评他,Gurdon仍然继续努力。
4.B 主旨大意题。文章通过Gurdon的故事说明了幸运总是青睐有准备的头脑。
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B
左栏是五个人所面临的困扰，右栏是七条建议，请根据五个人的个人需求为他们选出最合适的建议。
( )11. I enjoy eating all kinds of food. However, I'm getting fatter and fatter. What should I do?
( )12. I began to smoke when my friends gave me some five years ago. Recently, the doctor asked me to give it up. I won't be happy if I don't smoke now.
( )13. My parents have both lost their jobs. Since we have spent much money on our grandma's health, it's quite hard for me to continue my study at school.
( )14. My maths is very good while Kate is poor at it. So she often asks me for help and we often stay together. But some of my classmates think we've fallen in love, which makes me worried.
( )15. I can only go home once a week since I came to this school last year. I miss my family and my friends. I can't focus on my studies and sometimes I can't get to sleep on time.
A. Health is more important than anything else. You must do your best to drop cigarette.
B. You should stop eating rich food and take more exercise.Eating more vegetables should be helpful.
C. You can try counting numbers when you can't fall asleep. It's better to keep yourself in a completely dark room.
D. Try writing a letter to your teacher to tell him about your difficulty. He may find a kindhearted and rich person to help you.
E. It can be useful to do more maths exercises and think more about why your answers are wrong.
F. It's best not to think this way. You will live alone sooner or later. You should try your best to get used to being alone.
G. Helping each other is a good habit. Don't care so much about what others think of you.
参考答案11～15 B A D G F
C
（2019中考选练）
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Do you want to live a happier , less stressful (有压力的) life 、Try laughing for no reason at all . That’s how thousands of people start their day at Laughter Clubs around the world ---and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy.
The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai , India , in 1995 by Dr Madam Kataria . “
Young children laugh about 300 times away. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day , ”says Dr Kataria .‘Everyone’s naturally good at laughing ---it’s the with their lives.” There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over 1 300 worldwide.
Many doctors are also interested in the effects of laughter on our health .According to a 5-year study at the UCLA School of Medicine in California ,with laughing there is less stress in the body .Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%
So, what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest ---I wasn’t interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say‘ho ho ho, ha ha ha,” while looking at each other .However,our bodies can’ t tell the difference between fake laughter and real laughter , so they still produce the same healthy effects.
Surprisingly, it works! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughter for real—and some people just couldn’t stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed and comfortable I felt. So if you’re under stress, then start laughter .You might be very pleased with the results!
1. In which country was the first laughter Club started?
A. Britain B. America C. Australia D. India
2. How did the writer feel at the beginning of the class?
A. Surprised B. Pleased C. Nervous D. Stressful
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3. When did the people in the club begin to laugh for real?
A. After a few minutes B. After a few hours
C. After a few seconds D. After a few days
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Fake laughter and real laughter are both good for health.
B. 40% of the people in Laughter Clubs are good friends
C. Adults laugh more often than children in a day.
D. Laughing is the best way to prevent illness.
5. From the passage , if you’re under stress what you will do ？
A. go the open air B. talk to your best friends C. start laughing D. sing songs
参考答案DCAAC
二、短文首字母填空。
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Many books have been written about “the art of giving”. But what about the art of
r 1 ? Sometimes, receiving a gift can be difficult, especially when someone buys you a gift you don’t want!
“I remember when I was about twelve years old, my parents b 2 me a purple purse,” laughs Guo Xiaojing. “It really made me feel embarrassed(尴尬), because I thought the purse was really ugly！Still, I pretended (假装)that I liked it b 3 I knew it would make my parents happy!”
Han Ling agrees. “That sounds like my grandparents！A few years ago, my grandparents gave me an orange sweater f 4 my birthday. I used to wear it every time I visited them, but when I left their house, I took it off! Of course, this made me feel g 5 . It was a very nice thought, but my grandparents have different taste from me! I think it’s hard to buy clothes or other personal things for people.”
To make things easier, some people would rather just give money. In some cultures, h 6 , receiving money can make people uncomfortable. “When someone gives me money, it j 7 makes me think they’re being lazy,” says John Wilson. “In England, we
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have a saying: It’s the thought that counts. When s 8 gives me money, I feel they don’t think at all. I prefer to receive a gift that has some thought behind it. I don’t mind if it’s something I don’t need. If someone has thought about a g 9 for me, it always makes me happy.”
Different people have very different thoughts on this subject! So maybe the art of receiving is e 10 more difficult than the art of giving! What do you think?
【参考答案】
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
1.receiving
2. bought
3. because
4.for
5.guilty
6. however
7. just
8. someone/somebody
9. gift
10.even
三、短文改错。
（2019中考选练）
下面短文中的划线部分是错误的,请改正并将正确答案依次写在横线上(每空一词不改变原文意思)
Grandma lives with my aunt in the country not farther away. Yesterday was her sixtieth birthday. My parents and me decided to visit her. Early on the morning we bought some flower and a big cake and went there by bus. Grandma and aunt were all glad to see us. We gave her our presents and she is very pleased. When we sat down and began to talk, aunt went to cook lunch. The meal was very delicious that we all enjoyed it very much. At 4:30, we say goodbye to them and came back. We had a better time at my aunt’s yesterday.
【参考答案】
【小题1】far 【小题2】I 【小题3】in 【小题4】flowers
【小题5】both 【小题6】was 【小题7】then
【小题8】so 【小题9】said 【小题10】good
【解析】
试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述了昨天作者和父母到乡下看望奶奶并为奶奶过六十岁生日的经过，在婶婶家他们过得很开心。
【小题1】farther 是far的比较级，
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根据语境，此处不存在比较等级，表达的是奶奶和婶婶住在不远的乡下，故应改为far，far away：遥远的。
【小题2】根据语境，这里应用作主语，人称代词应用主格，表示我和父母决定去看望奶奶。故宾格的me应改为主格的I。
【小题3】指具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上时可用on。根据语境，这里纯粹指的是在早上，故应把on 改为in。in the morning：在早上。
【小题4】根据语境，他们买了一些花。因为flower是可数名词，又有some修饰，应用复数形式。故应把flower改为flowers。
【小题5】根据语境，奶奶和婶婶都很高兴。all表示三者及以上“都”，这里指的是奶奶和婶婶，故应把all改为both，两者“都”。
【小题6】根据语境，作者他们给奶奶送礼物，她很高兴。本文叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故把is改为was。
【小题7】根据语境，作者他们把礼物送给奶奶后，接着坐下和奶奶交谈。表示一串连续的动作，故应把when改为then，“接着”、“然后”之意。
【小题8】根据语境，这是一个结果状语从句，表示饭菜很美味以致作者他们吃得很开心。“so---that---”引导结果状语从句，故应把very改为so。
【小题9】根据语境，作者他们4：30向奶奶她们道别。由于本文叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故应把say改为said。
【小题10】better 是good的比较级，根据语境，此处不存在比较等级，表达的是作者他们在婶婶家玩得很开心，故应把better改为good。
考点：日常生活类短文。
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