Unit 6 When was it invented？
词句精讲精练
【词汇精讲】
1. invent
（1）invent 作动词，意为“发明；创造”。例如：
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
（2）invent还可以表示“虚构”。例如：
The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。
（3） invent的名词形式有两个，一个是inventor（发明者；发明家），另一个是invention（发明物）。例如：
Edison is a great inventor in history. 爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。
Human history is also a history of great inventions. 人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。
【拓展】
invent和discover辨析
（1）invent 意为“发明，发明之物”指“从无到有”。例如：
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
（2）discover 意为“发现”，指“本来就已经存在，但不为人知”的事物。例如：
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
2. for example
for example意为“例如”，强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如：
There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。
Many students like playing computer games，for example，Mike.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏，比如迈克。
【拓展】
such as意为“例如”，用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但such as后边不能用逗号。例如：
Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.
其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎，例如《跟我学》《跟我学科学》。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚和加拿大等。
3. popular
（1） popular作形容词，意为“流行的，受人欢迎的”。常用短语为be popular with，意为“受……的欢迎。例如：
The most popular sport is football. 最流行的运动是足球。
He is popular with our classmates. 他在我们班里有人缘。
（2）popular作形容词，意为“民众的;大众的”。例如：
Popular education is one of our major objectives.
民众教育是我们的主要目标之一。
He speaks in popular language. 他用通俗的语言讲话。
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【拓展】
popularity作名词，意为“普及,流行;大众化”。例如：
Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.
高尔夫球已在我国富有的人中流行起来。
The popularity of private cars is changing the people’s life style.
私家车的普及正在改变着人们的生活方式。
4. remain
（1）remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。 例如：
When the others had gone, Joan remained (=stayed) to clean the room.
别人走了,琼留下来清扫房间。
Only a few leaves remained (=were still) on the tree.
树上只剩下几片叶子了。
The Smiths remained there all through the year.
史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。
The soldiers were ordered to remain where they were.
士兵们接到命令呆在原地。
（2）remain作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”。例如：
Peter became a manager but John remained a worker.
彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。
Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest.
无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。
The shop remains open until 11 at night.
这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。
Whether it will be good to us remains to be seen.
这是否对我们有好处,还有待观察。
5. smell
smell作名词，表示“气味”。smell作连系动词，意为“闻、嗅”，后面常用形容词作表语。
例如：
What’s the pleasant smell? 香味是什么？
The dumplings smell nice. 这些水饺闻起来很好。
【拓展】
（1）look，sound，smell，taste，feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关，可称之为“感官”动词。这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容词作表语，说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来……”。除look之外，其它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。
例如：
The old man looks very happy. 那个老人看起来很幸福。
These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。
The tomatoes feel very soft. 这些西红柿摸起来很软。
（2）look，sound，smell，taste，feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语，like后面常用名词。
例如：
Her idea sounds like fun. 她的主意听起来很有趣。
6.take place
take
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place常用于历史事件或会议的发生，以及化学、物理变化，有事先预料或计划的意思，即“计划发生”。例如：
The party took place yesterday evening. 昨晚举办了晚会。
Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.
我们家乡在过去的十年里发生了巨大的变化。
【拓展】
happen指具体客观事物的发生，常有偶然性，未能预见性，即“偶然发生”。happen和take place均为不及物动词，无被动语态。
(1) 表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”，常用“sth. + happened + 时间/地点”这一结构，此时主语应该是物。例如：
The story happened in 2008. 这个故事发生在2008年。
An accident happened in that street. 那条街上发生了一起事故。
(2) 表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”要用“sth. + happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如：
A car accident happened to her this morning. 今天上午她出了车祸。
What happened to you? 你怎么啦？
(3) 表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb. + happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如：
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
7.boil
boil作动词，意为“使……煮沸，使……烧开”。例如：
I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to boil.
我站在厨房，等着水烧开。
【拓展】
(1) boiling作形容词，表示 “炎热的; 沸腾的”。例如：
When everybody else is boiling hot, I’m freezing!
当其他所有人都酷热难耐时，我却冻得够呛！
Placing an egg into a huge pan full of boiling water isn’t easy either.
把蛋丢进一口装满开水大锅也不是容易的事。
（2）boiled作形容词，表示“煮过的；煮熟的”。例如：
I’d like to drink a glass of cool boiled water. 我想喝一杯凉开水。
8. achieve
( 1）achieve作及物动词，意为“完成,实现”。例如：
You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。
Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.
要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。
No one can achieve anything without effort.
谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。
（2）achieve作及物动词，意为“达到,赢得”。例如：
The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen.
那位演员十九岁时就成名了。
She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。
【拓展】
achievement作名词，意为“成就,成绩”。例如：
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The invention of the computer is a great achievement.
发明电脑是一大成就。
9. pleasure
pleasure作名词,指“愉快的事,乐趣”。
It’s a pleasure to meet you. 见到你很快乐。
It’s my pleasure. 不客气(接受道谢时回答)。
【拓展】
(1) pleased作形容词，指外物作用于感官,使人感到“高兴、满意”,常见的结构为：be pleased+不定式或从句, be pleased with, be pleased at (about)。例如：
I’m very pleased with the performance. 我很满意这次表演。
We’re pleased about (at) your success. 对于你的成功我们很满意。
I’m quite pleased that she has got such a good chance.
我很高兴她得到这样一个好的机会。
(2) pleasant作形容词，意为“令人愉快的,讨人喜欢的”。例如：
They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills.
他们在山上度过一个令人舒心的下午。
Spring weather is pleasant. 春天的天气让人心旷神怡。
【词汇精练】
I.根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。
1. This kind of camera is p_______ in an American factory.
2. A few pears r________ on the trees.
3. Can you name the four famous i________ in ancient China？
4. The song is very p________ on the Internet.
5. Lu Xun was one of the greatest writers in the 20th c_________ of China.
6. His laziness makes it impossible for him to a______ success.
7. Here’s some b______ water, and have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.
8. Every time when we m______ this teacher, their students are very proud.
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Julie Thompson is the ___________ (invent) of battery-operated slippers.
2. There are some green ___________ (leaf) on the tree.
3. His paintings is very _________(create).
4. This trip was very ___________ (please). Everyone had a good time.
5. I think the soup tastes quite _________ (salt).
6. Do you know the tea was _______ (invent) by a Chinese man？
7. Have you _______ (notice) that big sign on the wall? What’s the meaning of it?
8. This new kind of train was _______ (produce) by our own country.
9.Zheng Chenggong is a great ______(nation) hero in Chinese history.
10. When we got to the park, we found the rubbish was _______ (throw) everywhere.
III. 选用pleasant, pleased, pleasure填空。
1. It was a ____________ surprise.
2. I went to Rome for __________, not on business.
3. I’ll be _________ to lend you the book.
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4. That movie isn’t __________ to see.
5. It gives me great __________ to grow flowers.
6. He showed her around the city with _________.
7. She was __________ with her new room.
8. —Would you hold this for a moment?
—With ___________.
IV. 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成短文。
learn, help, much, happy, teach, attitude, how
Have you ever had problems in your life that got in the way of your happiness? If so, you will find Being a Happy Teenager by Australian writer Andrew Matthews (1) _______. In his book, Matthews tells us（2）_______ to have a happy life, and answers some common questions teenagers have.
The book says we should stop being angry. The book also (3)_______ us some useful skills such as how to put what you have learnt into mental (心理的) pictures to make your memory better.
Success comes from a good（4）_______. Some schoolboys have problems such as being too tall or too short. But Matthews tells us（5）________ comes from thinking about things in a positive way. If you are tall, people notice you, and you can get a good view at the movie; if you are short, your clothes and shoes won’t take too much room in your bedroom! This is Matthews’ most important lesson: You can（6）_______ to be happy!
【参考答案】
I. 根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。
1. produced 2. remain 3. inventions 4. popular
5. century 6. achieve 7. boiled 8.mention
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. inventor 2. leaves 3. creative 4. pleasant 5. salty
6.invented 7.noticed 8.produced 9. national 10.thrown
III. 选用pleasant, pleased, pleasure填空。
1. pleasant 2. pleasure 3. pleased 4. pleasant 5. pleasure
6. pleasure 7. pleased 8. pleasure
IV. 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成短文。
1. helpful 2. how 3. teaches 4. attitude 5. happiness 6. learn
【句式精讲】
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1. When was it invented？
…was invented …句意为“某物被发明……”，是被动句式。例如：
The abacus was invented in the sixteenth century by the Chinese.
算盘在十六世纪由中国人发明的。
Who was the light bulb invented by？灯泡是由谁发明的？
【拓展】
被动语态的结构是：主语+be done（及物动词的过去分词），be是随人称和时态变化而变化的。
（1）一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is/ are done 例如：
The blackboard is cleaned by the students every class.
黑板每节课都被学生擦干净。
（2）一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were done 例如：
The computer was invented last century.
电脑是上个世纪被发明的。
（3）一般将来时的被动语态：shall/will be done 例如：
A new school will be built in our village next year.
明年一所新的学校将在我们村庄建设。
（4）现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being done 例如：
A sports meeting is being held in our school now.
运动会正在我们学校举行。
（5）现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done 例如：
All of the work has been finished since I came here.
自从我来这里以来，所有的工作都已经完成。
（6）含有情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should be done 例如：
Your homework must be handed in after school.
你们的家庭作业必须在放学后交上。
（7）复合宾语的被动语态：原来的句子是“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，在变被动语态的时候只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语变为被动语态的主语补足语。主动语态中宾语补足语是省掉to的不定式时，在被动语态中需要还原to。
They heard her sing an English song at the party.
他们在晚会上听到她唱了一首英语歌。
变为被动语态是：She was heard to sing an English song at the party.
2. But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
sth. be used…是被动语态句式，表示“某物被使用……”。常用如下搭配：
（1）be used for 意思是“被用来做某事”，for是介词，它的后面用名词或者动名词作宾语。例如：
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来割东西的。
（2）be used as意思是“被作为……使用”，as是介词，意思是“作为”。 它强调被当作工具或者手段来使用。例如：
Our classroom is used as a reading-room.
我们的教室被用来当阅览室使用。
（3）be used by意思是“被……使用”，by后面跟人或者物，表示强调动作的使用者。
This radio is often used by my mother.
这台收音机经常被我的妈妈使用。
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（4）be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，和be used for doing是同义词短语。
It is used for learning English.＝It is used to learn English.
它是被用来学习英语的。
3. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was…
It is said that…是一个固定搭配的句型，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。它的
思是“据说……”。例如：
It is said that Mary is very happy in London. （主语从句）
= They say that Mary is very happy in London.（宾语从句）
据说玛丽在伦敦是非常幸福的。
【拓展】
另外类似的句型有：It is believed…（人们相信），It is reported that …（据报道），It is supposed that… （据猜测）。例如：
It is believed that on December 21st,1981, the first basketball game in history was played.
人们相信历史上首次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。
It is supposed that there is no life on the moon.
据推测月球上是没有生命的。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。
4. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660, but…
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。
例如：
She stayed there until 9 o’clock. 她一直等到9点钟。
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
(2) until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如：stand/wait/stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。
(3) until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如：open/start/leave/arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
5. Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become…
（1）not only...but also的意思是“不但……而且……”，连接两个并列成分，如果连接两个主语的时候，谓语动词和also后面的主语保持一致。
Not only my mother but also I like to go to the garden.
不仅妈妈而且我也喜欢去花园。
（2）以not only…but also 开头的句子往往引起倒装。
Not only did he complain about the food, but he refused to pay for it.
他不仅抱怨饭不好吃，而且拒绝付饭钱。
【句式精练】
I.被动语态句式变换。
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1. My mother made this skirt last month.（改为被动语态）
This shirt _________ _________ by my mother last month.
2. Li Lei asked me to go to his birthday party.（改为被动语态）
I ________ _________ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.
3. What do people use the pen to do? （改为被动语态）
What ______ the pen ______ to do by people?
4. Many books have been sent to the Hope School in that village.（改为主动语态）
We _______ ________ many books to the Hope School in that village.
5. The workers were made to finish the work at once by the manager. （改为主动语态）
The manager ______ the workers ______ the work at once.
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1.这是由谁发明的？
Who ______ ______ ______ by ?
2.你的手机是国产的吗？
______ your mobile phone _______ ______ China?
3.这个孤儿将由一位女士照顾。
This orphan ______ ______ ______ ______ _______by a lady.
4.我们被分成了两个小组。
We ______ _______ _______ two groups.
5.直到他明天回来我才能告诉他。
I won’t tell him _______ he _______ back tomorrow.
6.英语被作为一种重要的工作语言使用。
English is ________ ________ an important working language.
7.冰不够厚，不能滑冰。
The ice wasn’t _________ ________ for you to skate on.
8.他不仅学习努力,而且认真工作。
He not _______ studies hard _______ also works well.
9. 据说她很有成功的把握。
_______ _______ _______she is quite sure of success.
III. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. This sign means cars and buses mustn’t turn right here.（对划线部分提问）
_________ ________ this sign mean?
2. The telephone was invented before the car.（改为同义句）
The car was invented ________ ________ ________.
3. This boy is not old enough to go to school.（改为同义句）
This boy is ___________ __________ to go to school.
4. I prefer oranges to apples.（改为同义句）
I _________ ________ oranges __________ _________ apples.
5. Taking exercise often can make you healthy. ( 改为同义句)
It’s _______ _______ your health _______take exercise often.
6. The man made his baby laugh. （改为同义句）
The baby was ________ _______ _______.
IV. 补全对话。
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根据对话内容，从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话，其中有两项为多余选项。
A. Don’t you think it’s a little silly?
B. I’m reading a book called Yu Gong Moves a Mountain(愚公移山).
C. That’s better and faster than moving a mountain.
D. In my opinion, it’s really interesting.
E. Do you prefer to read stories?
F. I still don’t agree with you.
G. How about you?
Emma：What are you doing, Li Lin?
Li Lin： 1
Emma：I have read it before. What do you think of the story?
Li Lin: 2 Yu Gong found a good way to deal with his problem.
Emma：Really? 3 It seems impossible to move a mountain.
Li Lin：But the story is trying to show us that anything is possible if you work hard. Yu Gong kept trying and didn't give up.
Emma： 4 I think we should try to find other ways to deal with a problem.
Li Lin：But what could Yu Gong do except moving the mountains.
Emma：He could build a road. 5
Li Lin：We have different opinions about the story. There’re many sides to a story and
many ways to understand it.
Emma： Yes, that’s fine.
【参考答案】
I.被动语态句式变换。
1. was made 2. was asked 3. is; used 4. have sent 5. made; finish
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. was it invented 2.Is; made in 3.will be taken care of
4. were divided into 5.until; comes 6. used as
7. thick enough 8. only，but 9. It is said
III. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. What does 2. after the telephone 3. too young
4. would like，rather than 5.good for, to 6. made to laugh
IV.补全对话。
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. F 5.C
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