Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.
词句精讲精练
【词汇精讲】
1. bow
(1) bow作名词，意为“弓，弓形物”。例如：
He raised his bow slowly and let the arrow fly.
他慢慢地举起弓，让箭飞出去。
The boy made a deep bow to the teacher and ran away.
那个孩子向老师深深地鞠了一个躬然后跑掉了。
(2) bow作动词，意为“鞠躬，低下头”。例如：
He bowed his head in shame. 他惭愧地低下头来。
She bowed her thanks. 她鞠躬致谢。
Age had bowed his once straight back.
他年事已高,过去挺直的腰板弯了。
2. relax
relax是动词，可以作不及物动词或及物动词，作及物动词时，宾语是人，表示“使某人放松；使某人休息；使某人轻松”。例如：
Now I want to rest and relax. （作不及物动词）
现在我得休息一下，放松放松。
I need a cup of tea to relax myself. （作及物动词）
我需要喝杯茶使自己轻松一下。
【拓展】relaxed；relaxing
(1) relaxed是形容词，意为“某人感到轻松、放松、不受拘束的”。指某人“感到”轻松。通常用来形容人。有类似用法的词有interested\excited\surprised\bored\tired。例如：
He is feeling relaxed. = He is relaxed. 他感到很轻松。
The song can make me relaxed. 这首歌让我感到轻松。
(2) relaxing是形容词，意为“某事情令人轻松的”，指某事或者某物“令人”轻松。通常用来修饰物或事。有类似用法的词有interesting\exciting\surprising\boring\tiring。例如：
The song is relaxing. 这首歌真使人轻松。
You can listen to relaxing music in the bath!
你可以边洗澡边听（令人）轻松的音乐。
3. effort
(1) effort作名词，基本含意为“力气；努力”，作此解时只用作单数形式；effort还可以引申表示“努力；奋斗”，作此解时是可数名词；effort还可表示“作品；成就”，为可数名词。例如：
It doesn’t need much effort. 那不需要太多的努力。
A great deal of effort has gone into this exhibition. 为了这次展览投入了很大力量。
His efforts were wasted. 他的努力都白费了。
Finishing the work in one day was a very good effort.
在一天内完成这项工作是努力的结果。
（2）effort 常用于以下短语make efforts/ make an effort/ make every effort中，意为“做出努力”，后面常接动词不定式，表示“努力做某事”。例如：
The workers are making efforts to fulfill this year’s plan.
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工人们正在努力完成今年的生产计划。
The prisoner made an effort to escape, but he couldn’t climb the prison wall.
囚犯企图越狱，但是爬不上监狱的墙。
I will make every effort to arrive on time. 我将尽一切努力准时到达。
4. knock
（1）knock 作动词，意为“敲，击打”。其后通常跟介词on或at，然后接宾语。例如：
Someone is knocking at/ on the door. 有人敲门。
She knocked at / on the window. 她敲了敲窗户。
（2）knock 作名词，意为“敲击声，敲击”。例如：
I heard a knock at the door. 我听到了敲门声。
5. take off
（1）take off可作“脱下”讲，反义词组为put on，意为“穿上”。例如：
Put on your clothes. Don’t take them off. 把衣服穿上，别脱下。
（2）take off可作“起飞”讲，反义词为land，意为“着陆”。例如：
When will the plane take off? 飞机什么时候起飞？
【拓展】
常见的含有take的词组：
take turns轮流 take away拿走 take out拿出，取出
take over接手，接管 take notes 做笔记 take care当心，注意
take care of 照顾 take photos 照相 take it easy别紧张
6. manner
（1）作名词，表示“做事的方法, 事情发生的方式”。例如：
Why are you talking in such a strange manner?
你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话？
（2）作名词，表示“态度, 举止”。例如：
His manner was slightly rude, but you mustn’t mind.
他的态度有点粗鲁，但是你千万别介意。
（3）作名词，表示“礼貌, 礼节”，常用复数形式。例如：
It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth.
嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的。
You should have good manners all the time.
任何时候都应该有礼貌。
（4）作名词，表示“风俗, 习俗”，常用复数形式。例如：
It is interesting to learn the manners and customs of other countries.
了解其他国家的风俗习惯是很有趣的。
7. exchange
（1）作动词，意为“交换”，引申可表示“交流”经验、思想等。例如：
The two girls always exchanged Christmas gifts.
两个女孩经常交换圣诞礼物。
The two armies exchanged prisoners.
作战双方交换战俘。
We shall have opportunity to exchange views tomorrow.
我们明天有机会交换看法。
They exchanged experiences at the meeting.
他们在会上交流经验。
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（2）exchange作及物动词时，其宾语后常接介词for，表示“以……换取”；接介词with表示“与某人交换(某物)/与某人交流（想法等）”。
例如：
I’d like to exchange a watch for a camera.
我想用表换相机。
Would you like to exchange places with me?
你愿意跟我换一下地方吗?
He likes to exchange ideas with others.
他喜欢与别人交流思想。
【拓展】
（1）exchange作名词，意为“交换”。例如：
There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments.
两国政府间曾多次交换意见。
（2）exchange作名词，意为“兑换，兑换率”。例如：
I’d like to know the exchange rate for German marks.
我想知道德国马克的兑换率。
（3）exchange作名词，意为“交易所”。例如：
She works at the Stock Exchange. 她在证券交易所工作。
8. behave
（1）作动词，意为“表现，行为举止”。 例如：
The young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger.
那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢。
She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother.
她像朋友一样（待我）, 而不像是我的母亲.
It’s hard to train children to behave well at the table.
培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。
（2）作动词，意为“（机器等）开动，运转”。例如：
How is the new machine behaving?
新机器运行地怎么样?
【拓展】
（1）behavior作名词，意为“行为，举止；态度”。例如：
He was on his best behavior. 他表现极好。
（2）behavior作名词，意为“（机器等的）运转状态，性能”。例如：
The aircraft’s behavior was satisfactory on its first test flight.
那架飞机在第一次试飞时运转情况令人满意。
9. except
except作介词，意为“除……之外”，其后跟名词、代词、介词短语、that从句或what从句。
例如：
I go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.
除了周六和周日，我每天都上学。
【拓展】except; except for和but的辨析：
这三个短语都有“除……之外”的意思，但具体用法不同：
except
表示“除……之外（没有……）”，着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物。表示一种排除关系。有“减除”之意。
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but
和except的用法基本相同。但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于every；all； any；nothing；who等词后。
except for
表示“除……之外”，常对某种基本情况进行具体的、细节方面的修正，其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面。
例如：
We are all here except/but Tom. 除了Tom外，我们都到齐了。（不包括Tom）
She could do nothing but cry. 除了哭，她没有别的办法。
He is a good man except for hot temper. 他是个好人，除了脾气暴躁。
10. suggestion
（1）suggestion 作可数名词，表示“建议；提议”。例如：
He has given me a helpful suggestion.
他给我提了一项有益的建议
（2）suggestion 作不可数名词，表示“联想；暗示”。例如：
The power of suggestion is very strong.
暗示的力量是无比强大的。
【拓展】
suggestion 的动词形式是suggest ，意为“建议”，有以下用法：
（1）可接名词做宾语。例如：
We suggested a visit to the museum the next day.
我们建议明天去参观博物馆。
（2）可接动名词做宾语。例如：
I suggested putting off the sports meet.
我建议将运动会延期。
They suggested waiting until the proper time.
他们建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动。
（3）可接that宾语从句，that从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。例如：
She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.
她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
We suggested that he (should) go and make an apology to his teacher.
我们建议他去向老师道歉。
【词汇精练】
I. 根据汉语及首字母提示补全单词。
1．The bottle is _______(空的) and there’s nothing in it．
2．She wants to be an _______(交换) student．
3．The old man loves his _______(孙女) very much and he often buys presents for her．
4．I am busy _______(除……之外) Friday．We can go to the movies on that day．
5．It’s not _______(礼貌的) to say that you are full．
6．Beijing is the c______ of China．
7．We usually have lunch at n_______．
8．Lisa will make her e_______ to study English well because she wants to be an international guide．
9．The teacher is using a piece of white c_______ to write．
10．In the front of the classroom，you can see a b_______ on the wall．
。
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11．There are four s_______ in a year．They are spring，summer，autumn and winter．
12．—Who is k_______ at the door?
—Maybe it’s the postman．
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．“Good morning”is a _______(greet)．
2．My hometown is in the _______(north) part of the country．
3．He put something _______(value) into the drawer and locked it．
4．The book is very interesting and it is worth _______(read)．
5．She gave me so many good _______(suggest) and I said thanks to her．
6．There aren’t any _______(different) between the two pictures．
7．I got used to ______(live) in the countryside．
8．David was punished for his bad _______(behave)．
III. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯（每个单词限用一次）。
eat，much，left，polite，start，put，drink，somebody，rule，quiet
If you’re going to a formal western dinner party for the first time，you’d better know about western table manners．It’s 1 to follow them．
When you sit down at the table，take your napkin and 2 it on your lap．The dinner always 3 with a small dish．When you start eating，you should keep the fork in your 4 hand．It’s polite to finish 5 everything on your plate，so don’t take 6 food than you need．Maybe you don’t know whether it’s polite or not to speak loudly at the table．The answer is that you should speak 7 and smile a lot．When you drink to 8 ，you’d better raise your glass and take only a sip．Remember not 9 too much．If you can’t remember these 10 ，just do as other people do．
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
【参考答案】
I.根据汉语及首字母提示补全单词。
1．empty 2．exchange 3．granddaughter 4．except 5．polite
6．capital 7．noon 8．effort 9．chalk 10．blackboard
11．seasons 12．knocking
II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．greeting 2．northern 3．valuable 4．reading
5．suggestions 6．differences 7．living 8．behavior
III.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯（每个单词限用一次）。
1．polite 2．put 3．starts 4．left 5．eating
6．more． 7．quietly 8．somebody 9．to drink 10．rules
【句式精讲】
1. You are supposed to shake hands.
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（1）动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”，suppose后接that从句，that可以省略。例如：
I suppose he is not yet twenty.
我猜想他不到二十岁。
（2）be supposed to后面用动词原形，表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”，相当于情态动词should。
例如：
You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners.
你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。
【拓展】
（1）当句子的主语是人的时候，be supposed to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”，经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。这里be supposed to相当于情态动词should。例如：
You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom.
如果你要离开教室，应该先问一问我们的老师。
（2）当句子的主语是物的时候，be supposed to表示“本应该”的意思，经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。
The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off.
这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了。
（3）短语be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth，表示“命令和禁止”，意为“不应该做某事”。
You are not supposed to talk loudly in class.
你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。
（4）be supposed to的后面接have+过去分词，表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。
My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.
我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。
2. If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad.
这是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，if译为“如果”。条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，要注意if条件句的时态搭配：
（1）if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。例如：
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。
If the rain doesn’t stop, we will stay here.
如果这场雨不停的话，我们就呆在这儿。
（2）if从句用一般现在时，主句用情态动词。例如：
If you want to lose weight, you should eat less bread.
如果想减肥，你应该少吃面包.
（3）if从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。例如：
If you want to get there on time, hurry up!
如果你想准时到达那里，要快一点。
3. We value the time we spend with our family …
（1）value 作动词，表示“看重，重视”。例如：
If they value these data, let them pay for them.
他们要是看重这些数据，就让他们出钱买。
If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself.
如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。
（2）value 作及物动词，表示“评价，估价”。后接名词或代词作宾语，当宾语后接具体价格时，常用介词at。例如：
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I valued the bike at 200 yuan. 我估计这辆自行车值200元。
The used car has recently been valued at 3750 pounds.
这辆二手车作价为3750英镑。
【拓展】
（1）value 用作名词，基本意思是“价值，价格”，引申还可表示“用处，益处，重要性”。例如：
Because of continual price increases, the value of the pound has fallen in recent years.
近年来由于物价不断上涨，英镑贬值了。
The value of this work experience should not be underestimated.
这种工作经验的重要性不应该被低估。
（2）value常用于of value to sb. 结构，表示“对某人有……价值”。例如：
Good books are of great value to students. 好书对学生非常有用。
4. As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home.
imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如：
We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future.
我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I can’t imagine leaving all my friends.
我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。
No one can imagine what would happen next.
没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
5. …, but I’m gradually getting used to it.
动词短语get used to表示“渐渐习惯……”，后接名词、代词作宾语。与同义短语“be used to”略有不同。get used to强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，而“be used to”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态。例如：
The food here is not so tasty but you will get used to that.
这里的伙食不怎么样，但你会慢慢习惯的。
The food here is not so tasty but he is used to that.
这里的伙食不怎么样，但是他已经习惯了。
He is used to getting up early. 他习惯了早起。
6. I find it difficult to remember everything, but…
当不定式用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语”。例如：
I find it difficult to do the job well.
我发现做好这个工作不容易。
I find it easy to get on with her.
我发现她很容易相处。
【拓展】
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。例如：
It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。
It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。
It’s not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
【注意】
It is said / reported / believed / understood that… 这类结构中的 it 也是形式主语。
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It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident.
据报道这次事故中有两人受伤。
【句式精练】
I. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。
1．You’re supposed to kiss when you meet someone for the first time in America．(对划线部分提问)
What ______ you supposed ______ _______ when you meet someone for the first time in America?
2．The new car cost me 200，000 yuan．(改为同义句)
I ______ 200，000 yuan ______ the new car．
3．You should tell him the good news when you meet him．(改为同义句)
You ______ ______ ______ tell him the good news when you meet him．
4．I suppose she has finished the work．(改为反意疑问句)
I suppose she has finished the work，______ ______?
5．I find it difficult to learn English well．(改为同义句)
I ______ that ______ ______ difficult to learn English well．
6．We can’t decide where we are supposed to go．(改为同义句)
We can’t decide ______ ______ go．
7．The man who is repairing my bike is my father．(改为同义句)
The man _______ my bike is my father．
8．He has never seen the movie before．(改为反意疑问句)
He has never seen the movie before，________?
II. 根据汉语意思和所给的提示词翻译句子。
1．除了最后一个问题，所有的问题都很容易。(are，except)
____________________________________________
2．你已经习惯早起吗?(get)
___________________________________________
3．他指着地图，告诉我们他的故乡在哪里。(pointed，told)
__________________________________________
4．这家宾馆使我有宾至如归的感觉。(made)
__________________________________________
5．我一到巴黎就会给你写信。(as soon as，arrive)
_________________________________________
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思翻译句子，每空一词。
1．我的想法和你的不同。
My ideas ______ ______ ______ yours．
2．戴维已经习惯他的日常生活了。
David has already ______ ______ ______ his everyday life．
3．不要拿筷子指着别人。
Don’t ______ ______ others with your chopsticks．
4．昨天晚上她特地为我准备了晚饭。
Last night she ______ ______ ______ _______ ______ to prepare dinner for me．
5．我发现记住所有的单词真是太难了。
I found ______ ______ ______ memorize all the words．
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6．当你第一次见到一个人的时候，你应该做什么?
What ______ you ______ ______ do when you meet someone for the first time?
7．如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
More time given，we ______ ______ ______ it much better．
IV. 根据对话内容，从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。(其中两个选项为多余选项)
A：Could you tell me how you can speak English so well?
B：Well，I think listening more is very important． 1
A：Some people say watching English movies is good for English learners．
B： 2 I have watched about 30 English movies since 2012，and that really helps a lot.
A： 3
B：Um，I think vocabulary is the most important．You can express yourself freely when you have a larger vocabulary．
A： 4
B：Reading．I have read many English books．That really helps with my English vocabulary．
A： 5
B：Never be afraid of making mistakes．The more you speak the language，the more freely you can express yourself．Enjoy losing face，then you can learn English well．
A. Certainly.
B. What's the most important part of speaking English?
C. I always write down the new words on the notebook.
D. I listen to some English news, songs and other materials while I am on the way home.
E. What else do you think can help improve spoken English?
F. "Crazy English" might be helpful.
G. But how can I enlarge my vocabulary?
【参考答案】
I. 按要求完成句子，每空一词。
1．are；to do 2．paid；for 3．are supposed to 4．hasn’t she 5．find；it is
6．where to 7．repairing 8．has he
II. 根据汉语意思和所给的提示词翻译句子。
1．All the questions are easy except the last one．
2．Have you already got used to getting up early?
3．He pointed at the map and told us where his hometown was．
4．The hotel made me feel at home．
5．I will write to you as soon as I arrive in Paris．
Ⅲ.根据汉语意思翻译句子，每空一词。
1．are different from 2．been／got used to 3．point at 4．went out of her way
5．it difficult to 6．are；supposed to 7．would have done
IV. 根据对话内容，从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。(其中两个选项为多余选项)
1-5 DABGE
9
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