How can we become good learners？
词句精讲精练
【词汇精讲】
1. finish
finish意为“完成，结束”，作及物动词时，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词。即：finish sth.或finish doing sth.。例如：
I finished my homework this morning. 我今天上午做完了作业。
When did you finish drawing the picture? 你什么时候画完那幅画的？
【拓展】
能接v.-ing作宾语的动词还有：practice; enjoy; mind; keep等。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
keep doing sth. 一直做某事
2. afraid
（1）be afraid表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接名词、代词或of doing sth.。例如：
She was afraid to tell you. 她害怕告诉你。
She is afraid of going out alone late at night. 她很怕深夜独自外出。
I’m afraid of the dog. 我怕狗。
（2）但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。
例如：
I’m afraid of being late for class. 我担心上课迟到。
（3）be afraid后可接that从句。例如：
He is afraid that his father will be unhappy.
他担心他的爸爸会不高兴。
3. realize
（1) realize作为及物动词，意为“认识到，了解”。例如：
He didn’t realize his mistake until his mother told him.
直到妈妈告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。
I didn’t realize how late it was. 我没有意识到天已经那么晚了。
When he realized what had happened, he was sorry.
当他明白发生了什么事时，他感到很难过。
（2) realize还可以表示“实现；完成”的意思。例如：
The girl finally realized her dream of becoming an actress.
那个女孩当演员的梦想终于实现了。
【拓展】
realize与recognize这两个词都有“认识,识别”的意思，但在具体用法上又有所差别。
（1）recognize也可以用作及物动词，表示“认出, 辨认”的意思。例如：
I recognized his voice. 我辨认出了他的声音。
I recognized her as my friend’s daughter. 我认出了她是我朋友的女儿。
（2）recognize还可以表示“清楚知道；认定”的意思。例如：
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I recognized him to be cleverer than I am. 我认识到他比我聪明。
4. improve
improve既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，意为“改进，提高，改善”，表示某事或某种情况逐渐好转。例如：
Their French has improved a lot. 他们的法语进步很大。
We haven’t discovered how to improve it.
我们还没找到如何改进它的办法。
You’d better work out a plan to improve your writing skills.
你最好制定一个提高写作能力的计划。
We are always seeking to improve productivity.
我们一直在设法提高生产率。
5.discover
discover通常用作及物动词，主要用法有：
（1）表示“发现”某一具体的东西，后接名词或代词作宾语。例如：
Who discovered America? 谁发现了美洲?
It was discovered among waste paper. 这是在废纸中发现的。
（2） 表示“发现”某一情况，其后可以接名词或代词作宾语，也可接复合宾语或特殊疑问词+不定式作宾语。例如：
We soon discovered the truth. 我们很快发现了事实真相。
We discovered her to be a good cook. 我们发现她很会煮饭。
We haven’t discovered how to improve it. 我们还没找到如何改进它的办法。
【拓展】
辨析：discover，find及invent
（1）discover意为“发现，发觉(原先没看见或不知道的事物)”。
He discovered electricity. 他发现了电。
（2）find 意为“找到；得到，求得”。
I can find the answer to the question. 我找到了问题的答案。
（3）invent 意为“发明，创造”。
He invented the first electric clock. 他发明了第一个电动机械钟。
6.look up
look up 意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅，检查”，其后跟名词作宾语，名词可放在look和up之间，也可放在look up 之后；如果代词作宾语，则只能放在look和up之间。例如：
Look up the word in the book, and you will know its meaning.
在书中查查这个词，你就知道它的意思了。
Please look them up in the dictionary carefully.
请仔细在词典中查一下它们。
【拓展】look 的相关短语：
look up(在字典、参考书中)查询所需的信息
look for寻找
look over(医生)仔细检查
look around 环顾四周
look after照看
look at 看……
look down on 看不起
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7.patient
(1) patient作形容词，意为“有耐心的, 能忍受的”，后接with/of。
He’s a very patient man. 他是个很有耐心的人。
(2) patient作名词，意为“病人”。
The doctor is very patient with his patients. 那位医师对病人十分耐心。
Would you mind making some room for the patient?
请你给这位病人让点儿地方出来行吗？
8.create
(1) create作动词，意为“创造，创作，创建”。
God creates human beings. 上帝创造了人类。
An artist should create beautiful things. 一个艺术家应该创造美丽的东西。
It is people who create history. 是人民创造了历史。
【拓展】
creative作形容词，意为“有创造性的，有创意的”。
Yoga releases the creative potential in life. 瑜伽释放出生命中创造的潜力。
Pay close attention to your own creative ideas. 时刻关注自己创造性的想法。
【词汇精练】
I. 英汉词组互译。
1．犯错误 _______________
2．依赖；取决于 _______________
3．对……感兴趣 _______________
4．即使 _______________
5．in common _______________
6．pay attention to _______________
7．each other _______________
8．find out _______________
II. 根据首字母提示补全句子。
1．Please read the passage a________，so that we can hear you clearly．
2. Every morning，he practices p_______English words to improve his spoken English．
3．Sorry，I can’t follow you．Would you please speak more s________?
4．Little Tom did well in the English exam．He hardly made any m________．
5．This T-shirt is small for me．Can you show me a________ one?
6．I had a long c________ with her the other day．
7．—Let’s climb the mountains if it doesn’t rain tomorrow．
—That s________ great．
8．I h________ my pen in my pocket．Nobody couldn’t find it．
III. 根据汉语提示完成句子。
1．His ________(发音)is very good and he speaks English very well．
2．How to ________(提高) English is important to us．
3．I’m sorry I can’t understand your ________(口语)English．
4．At ________(首先)，you should be confident．
5．She is very ________(耐心的)with young children．
IV. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。
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1. Mary thought that (memorize) the words of songs could help her a little about Chinese learning.
2. I have to (practice) the piano for hours every day. It’s really (frustrate).
3. Can you teach me how (use) the computer?
4. Julie is afraid of (go) out in the evening.
5. Why not ______(join)an English language club to practice speaking English?
6. My sister has made a lot of _______(mistake) in her exam paper.
7．Don’t give it up．You’ll be ________(succeed) some day．
8．It's not enough for us ________(study)hard．We also need good learning habits．
【参考答案】
I. 英汉词组互译。
1. make a mistake/ make mistakes 2. depend on 3. be interested in
4. even though/even if 5. 共同地 6. 注意 7. 互相 8. 查明；发现
II. 根据首字母提示补全句子。
1. aloud 2. pronouncing 3. slowly 4. mistakes
5. another 6. conversation 7. sounds 8.hid
III.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. pronunciation 2. improve 3.spoken 4. first 5. patient
IV. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。
1. memorizing 2. practice，frustrating 3. to use 4.going
5.join 6.mistakes 7. successful 8. to study
【句式精讲】
1. I’m a little nervous.
(1）little 和a little都意为“一点”，可以修饰不可数名词。前者表示否定，即“几乎没有”。后者表示肯定，即 “有一点”。
I have only a little money. 我只有一点钱。
There is little milk in the fridge. 冰箱里没有牛奶了。
( 2）a little还可以修饰形容词和副词，相当于a bit，意为“有点”。
I’m a little tired. I want to sleep. 我有点累了，我想睡了。
The weather is a little cold. 天有点冷。
2. Don’t read word by word.
(1) 该句是一个祈使句，省略了句子的主语you，以动词原形开头，表示命令、邀请、请求等语气。有时为了表达较委婉或客气的语气，可在句子开头或末尾加please。例如：
Open the door, please! 请打开门。
Come in, please. 请进。
(2）祈使句的否定句，一般在句子开头加don’t即可。例如：
Save the document before you turn off the computer. （肯定句）
关电脑之前保存一下文件。
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Don’t forget to save the document before you turn off the computer. （否定句）
关电脑之前别忘了保存文件。
口诀：
祈使句，祈使句，请求，命令或建议；
动词原形来开头，主语是you常省去；
若要构成否定句，句首Don’t别客气；
要使语气更委婉，please前后均可以。
3. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habit.
（1）本句是whether引导的主语从句，意为“是否”，很多时候whether可以和if互换，但是在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。例如：
Whether it is true remains a question.(主语从句)那是不是真的还是个问题。
The question is whether it is true.(表语从句)问题是是不是真的。
We have a doubt whether it is true.(同位语从句) 我们怀疑那是不是真的。
（2）if常引导宾语从句，表示“是否”之意。当把一般疑问句的直接引语转化成间接引语时，常用if或whether作引导词。例如：
I asked her, “Do you study English here?” 我问她：“你在这里学习英语吗？” →
I asked her if/ whether she studied English there. 我问她是否在那里学习英语。
【拓展】if和whether的辨析：
if和whether均可表示“是否”，一般情况下二者可以互换。但在下列条件下，只能用whether而不能用if：
（1) if后不能直接接or not。
（2) whether可作介词的宾语。
（3) whether后可接不定式。
（4) whether可用于句首。
（5) whether可引导主语从句、表语从句。例如：
Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。
Whether it is right or wrong, I don’t know. 正确与否，我不知道。
It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not. 他来不来没关系。
4. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
“The ＋形容词/副词的比较级＋主语＋谓语，the ＋形容词/副词的比较级＋主语＋谓语”
这个句型是形容词/副词比较级的叠加用法，表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长，意思是“越......，（就）越......”。例如：
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
你越小心，出现的问题就越少。
【拓展】
另两种表示比较的句型：
（1）形容词/副词的比较级＋and＋形容词/副词的比较级
这种句型表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长，意思是“越来越......”。 例如：
longer and longer 越来越长； more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮。
（2）as+ 形容词/副词的原级+ as...
这个句型表示同级比较，即比较的结果是一样的，在as和as的中间用形容词或副词的原级。在否定句中既可以用not as... as...，也可以用not so... as...，表示前者不如后者。例如：
He is as tall as my brother. 他和我的弟弟一样高。
It is not as/ so warm as it was yesterday. 今天不如昨天暖和。
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5. I also realize I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words.
（1）介词by的意思是“由、靠、用、通过”，by后面用名词、代词或者动名词形式作宾语,表示通过某种手段做某事。例如：
We study English by talking with foreigners. 我们通过与外国人谈话来学习英语。
（2）by后面用表示交通工具的名词时不用冠词，表示乘坐某种交通工具的意思。
如：by car 乘小汽车， by air 乘飞机，by sea 乘（海）船，by plane 乘飞机等。
They go to work by bus. 他们乘坐公共汽车上班。
【句式精练】
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. Alice studies for tests by listening to tapes.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ Alice _______ for tests?
2. The best way to learn English is using English.（对划线部分提问）
_______ _______ the best way to learn English?
3. Ann often writes vocabulary lists.(改为一般疑问句)
______ Ann often ______ vocabulary lists?
4. I was too excited to sleep last night.（改为同义句）
I was _______ ______ that I couldn’t sleep last night.
5. It is sunny. We won’t have a picnic.(用unless改写句子)
____________________________________________
6．She was afraid of asking questions．(改为同义句)
She was afraid ________ ________ questions．
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1．我通过给笔友写电子邮件来提高我的写作能力。
I improve my writing skills ________ ________ mails ________ my pen pals.
2．莉莉没有跟她练英语的伙伴。
Lily ________ ________ a partner ________ ________ English ________．
3．优秀的学习者经常会把他们必须学习的东西与他们感兴趣的东西联系起来。
Good learners often ________ ________ they need to learn ________ ________ ________
4．贝尔通过尝试很多次获得了成功。
Bell ________ by ________ many ________.
5．如果你对某事物感兴趣，你的大脑就会更活跃。
If you ______ ______ ______ something，your brain ______ ______ more active.
6．你为什么不向老师求助呢?
Why don’t you ________ the teacher ________some help?
7．你读得越多，就会读得越快。
The more you read，________ ________ you’ll be．
8．后来，我意识到错了。
_______ _______, I ________ I was wrong.
9．我说英语的时候根本不怕犯错误。
I’m _______ ________ _______making mistakes _______ ______ when I speak English.
10．最好的减肥方法就是少吃多运动。
_______ ________
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_______of losing weight is to eat less and do ________ exercise.
III. 补全对话。
根据语境，用恰当的话语完成对话。
(A)
A: Hey, Bill, ______（1）？
B: Oh, I’m thinking about life in the countryside.
A: ________（2）?
B: Yeah, I like it very much. In the countryside, the air is fresh, the sky is bluer, and there are
also green trees and clearer rivers.
A: It’s quieter, too. People can enjoy the beauties of nature there.
(B)
A: ______（3）！
B: So it is. The wind is blowing strongly with lots of sand. I couldn’t see anything, and my
face hurt while I was walking down the street just now.
A: I’m sorry to hear that. But ______（4）?
B: People have cut down too many trees. As a result, lots of rich land has changed into
desert.
A: That’s too bad, but______（5）?
B: Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. And a lot of water can be saved by
forests. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.
【参考答案】
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1.How does, study 2. What is 3. Does，write 4. so excited
5. We won’t have a picnic unless it is sunny. 6. to ask
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. by writing, to 2.doesn’t have, to practice, with
3.connect what, with something interesting
4.succeeded, trying, times
5.are interested in, will be more active
6. ask, for 7. the faster
8. Later on, realized 9. not afraid of; at all
10. The best way, less, more
III. 补全对话。
根据语境，用恰当的话语完成对话。
1. what are you thinking of / about?
2. Do you like the countryside/ Do you like it?
3. What bad weather!/ How bad the weather is!/ What a terrible sandstorm!
4. what has caused/made it (the bad weather/ the sandstorms)？
5. how do trees influence/ affect the weather?
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