Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry.
词句精讲精练
【词汇精讲】
1. rather
（1）rather意为“相当，有点”，与would连用，即would rather意为“宁愿……”，表示句子主语的愿望、选择，后接省去to的不定式。例如：
He’d rather join in the English group.
他宁愿加入到英语小组中来。
Which would you rather have, bread or rice?
面包和米饭，你更喜欢哪一个？
（2）如果表示“宁愿（可）……也不愿……”则用句型would rather...than...。在would rather和than后面所连接的两个对比部分一般要保持一致，常用动词原形。例如：
The brave soldier would rather die than give in.
那个勇敢的士兵宁死不屈。
He’d rather work than play.
他宁愿工作也不愿玩。
2. start with
（1）start with作“首先”解时，只用于动词不定式，在句中常常以插入语的形式出现。
例如：
To start with, the computer room must be kept very clean.
首先，计算机工作室必须保持清洁。
Our group had five members, to start with.
刚开始，我们小组只有五个人。
（2）start with可表示“从……开始；先从某事做起”，与begin...with是同义词组。反义词组是end with“以……结束”。例如：
The meeting ended with a speech given by the chairman.
会议以主席的讲话结束。
He wanted to start/begin with the smallest country and end with the largest one.
他打算先去最小的国家，最后去最大的国家。
（3）start单独使用时，意为“开始”，可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时，其后跟名词、代词，也可跟动词不定式或动名词形式。begin是start的同义词，两者在用法上没有很大差别，只是start侧重动作的突然开始。例如：
As soon as we got there, it started raining.
我们一到那儿就下雨了。
When did we start/begin this lesson?
我们是什么时候开始讲这一课的？
3. hard和hardly
hardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。
（1）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。
hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。例如：
This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。
I work hard at school. 我在学校努力学习。
They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。
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【拓展】hard组成的常见词组有：
work hard at…“努力于……”；（hard作副词）
be hard on sb.对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉。（hard作形容词）。例如：
He is working hard at English. 他正在努力学习英语。
A good boss knows when to be hard on his employees.
一个精明的老板知道何时应对员工严格要求。
（2）hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not，并非hard的副词形式。例如：
There is hardly any coffee left. = There’s almost no coffee left.
几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。
4. feel like
（1）“感觉像……，摸起来像……”。例如：
I feel like a child. 我感觉自己像个小孩子。
（2）“想要……”。后接代词、名词或动名词。例如：
Do you feel like some fish for supper? 晚饭你想吃些鱼吗？
I feel like doing something different today.
我今天想要做点别的事情.
（3）It feels like…句型可用来表示天气、时间等，意为“好像要……，似乎是……”。例如：
It feels like tea time. 好像喝茶的时间到了。
【拓展】 feel like; would like与want的辨析：
三者都可表示“想要做某事”。其用法分别如下：
（1）feel like后接名词、代词或动名词，构成feel like doing sth.。例如：
I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。
（2）would like后接名词、代词或不定式。构成would like to do sth.。例如：
What would you like to do now? 你现在想做什么？
（3）want后可接名词或不定式，构成want to do sth.。例如：
Do you want to join us? 你想加入到我们中吗？
5. let…down
（1）意为“使…失望或沮丧”。例如：
The team felt that they had let the coach down．队员们觉得他们让教练失望了。
He won’t let you down；he’s very reliable．他不会让你失望的，他很靠得住。
（2）意为“放下”。例如：
Please let down the blinds．请把百叶窗放下。
（3）意为“慢下来；松懈”。例如：
The horse let down near the end of the race and lost．
那匹马在近终点时慢了下来，所以输了。
Don’t let down even if the going is good．
即使在顺利的情况下也不要松劲。
【注意】
down是副词，当代词做宾语时，要放在let和down中间且用宾格形式。例如：
Failing in the exam lets him down. 考试没及格让他非常沮丧。
6. be friends with sb.
friend可数名词，意为“朋友”，复数是friends。常构成的短语有：
make friends with sb. 表示“与某人交朋友”。
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a friend of + 名词性物主代词或者名词所有格，表示“……的一位朋友”。
be friends with sb.表示“成为某人的朋友”。例如：
He likes making friends with others.
他喜欢和别人交朋友。
She is a friend of my sister’s.
她是我姐姐的一个朋友。
I still wanted to be friends with Alison.
我还是想和艾莉森做朋友。
【拓展】friend常见的其他变化：
friendly 友好的（形容词）
friendship 友谊（名词）
be friendly to sb. (对某人友好)
7. worry
（1）worry可用作不及物动词或及物动词。作及物动词时，意为“使烦恼，使担忧”。作不及物动词时，意为“发愁，担心，烦恼”，常与介词about连用。例如：
What’s worrying you? 什么事使你烦恼？
Don’t worry about me. 不要为我担心。
（2）worry也可用作名词。既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。例如：
Her face showed signs of worry. 她脸上显出担忧的神情。
I have a lot of worries. 我有很多担心。
（3）worry的过去分词worried相当于形容词，意为“担心的，烦恼的”，常与be/look/feel等系动词连用。be worried about意为“为……担心”。例如：
She is worried about her sick mother. 她担心她生病的母亲。
8. another
other / the other / others / another的区别：
（1）other为形容词“别的，其他的”。作代词用时前面可加the / any /some等或用作复数。例如：
He is taller than any other brothers. 他比其他几个兄弟都高。
（2）the other意为“另一个人，另一个东西”，指两者中另外的一个。例如：
I have two books. One is an English book, the other is a Chinese book.
我有两本书，一本是英语书，另一本是中文书。
（3）others意为“其他的人或物”，作代词用。例如：
You should think of others. 你应该想想别人。
（4）another作形容词，意为“另外的，别的”，只可修饰单数名词；作代词，意为“另一个，再一个”，指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。例如：
Here comes another bus. 又来了一辆公共汽车。
9. agree
agree是不及物动词，意为“同意”，I agree意为“我同意，我赞成”，I don’t agree表示“我不赞成某人或某人的观点”，常用于交际用语中。另外，agree后接不定式，但不能接动名词。例如：
She agreed to lend me the book. 她同意把那本书借给我。
I agree to meet him tomorrow. 我同意明天见他。
【拓展】
agree with和agree to(to为介词)都表示“同意，赞同”，但后面所接的宾语不同。agree with后接指人或表示意见、看法的词；agree to后接表示建议、计划、安排之类的词。例如：
I quite agree with you. 我很同意你（的意见）。
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Do you agree with what I have said? 你同意我所说的话吗？
He has agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们度假的建议了。
【词汇精练】
I.根据句意和汉语提示写出所缺的单词。
1．I don’t like loud music．It always _______(迫使) me crazy．
2．—You look _______(苍白的)．What’s the matter with you?
—I have a stomach ache．
3．The king lived in a beautiful _______(宫殿)．
4．He was afraid of losing his _______(权利)．
5．Happiness is more important than _______(财富)．
6．—Do you know the man in _______(灰色的)?
—Yes．I do．He is my uncle．
7．The _______(王后) invited me to have dinner with her．
8．His father is a _______(银行家) and he has lots of money．
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1．The soft music makes Amy _______(relax)．
2．The rock music makes Peter _______(excite)．
3．Sad movies made Mike _______(cry)．
4．They spend more time _______(eat) their meals．
5．The picture in an ad looks a lot ______(good) than the _______(real) thing．
6．That made me _______(annoy) with myself．
7．Listen! I hear somebody ______(sing) in the next room．
8．You’d better _______(not，talk) loudly in the reading room．
III.根据句意和汉语提示，填写恰当的短语完成下列句子。
1．The terrible news ______ ______ ______(使我发狂)．
2．They are going to ______ ______(开除) the naughty boy．
3．We prefer to stay at home ______ ______(而不是) go skating．
4．______ ______ ______(一开始)，I don’t like English．But I become interested in it little by little．
5．The teacher asked us to ______ ______(齐心协力) to finish the project．
6．I ______ ______ ______ ______(敲门)，but nobody answered．
IV. 从方框中选出合适的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空
to start with，lemon，leave out，examine，friendship
1．They are good friends and they hope their _______ will last forever．
2．Nobody wants to chat with him．He felt _______．
3．I don’t like _______ because they taste too sour．
4．The doctor was called in to _______ the sick boy．
5．________，it was sunny．But it began to rain later．
【参考答案】
I.根据句意和汉语提示写出所缺的单词。
1．drives 2．pale 3．palace 4．power
5．wealth 6．grey 7．queen 8．banker
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
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1．relaxed 2．excited 3．cry 4．eating
5．better；real 6．annoyed 7．singing 8．not talk
III.根据句意和汉语提示，填写恰当的短语完成下列句子。
1．drove me crazy／mad 2．kick off 3．rather than 4．To start with
5．pull together 6．knocked on／at the door
IV.从方框中选出合适的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空
1．friendship 2．left out 3．lemons 4．examine 5．To start with
【句式精讲】
1. make的句式构成
（1）make + sb.+形容词，make是谓语动词，sb.是make的宾语，后面的形容词在此作宾语补足语。
例如：
Rainy days make me sad. 雨天让我很悲伤。
What he said made the teacher angry. 他说的话让老师很生气。
（2）make + sb.+过去分词，此处的过去分词相当于形容词作宾补。例如：
Waiting for him in the rain made me annoyed.
在雨中等他让我很烦。
（3）make + sb. +动词原形，此处的动词原形也叫省略to的不定式作宾补。例如：
Sad movies always make me cry. 伤感的电影经常让我哭泣。
Loud music makes her want to dance. 高声的音乐让她想跳舞。
（4）be made to+动词原形，此处是make的被动语态，要还原动词不定式的to，即be made to do sth.意为“被使做某事”。例如：
The boss made him work for 15 hours a day.
→He was made to work for 15 hours a day by the boss.
老板使他一天工作15个小时。
2. Why don’t you ask Alice to join you each time you do something with Julie ?
Why don’t you do sth.?是一个否定疑问句，意为“为什么不……？”常用来征求意见和提出建议，相当于“Why not do sth.?”例如：
Why don’t you go with us? = Why not go with us? 为什么不同我们一起去呢？
Why don’t you go swimming? = Why not go swimming? 为什么不去游泳呢？
3. Neither medicine nor rest can help him.
neither...nor...是固定结构，意为“既不……也不……”，表示两者都否定。例如：
It’s neither cold nor hot. 天气既不冷也不热。
He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事既不知道也不关心。
【拓展】辨析neither...nor...；both…and…；either…or…
这三个词组都可用作连词，但搭配和意义各不相同。总的说来，要注意它们应连接两个平行对等的句子成分(即同为两个主语、谓语、宾语、状语等)。
（1）both…and…表示两者兼有。例如：
She was both tired and hungry. 她又累又饿。
He speaks both English and French. 他既说英语又说法语。
（2）either…or…表示两者或两种可能性中任择其一。例如：
He must be either mad or drunk. 他不是疯了就是醉了。
You can either write or phone to request a copy. 你可以写信可打电话来索取一本。
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【注意】
以上连词连接主语时，both…and…一般只与复数谓语连用，either…or…和 neither…nor…则通常根据就近原则，要求谓语动词与最邻近主语的人称、数保持一致。例如：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错就是我错。
Neither he nor she was at home. 他和她都不在家。
Both New York and London have traffic problems.
纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
4. How long did it take the general to find the happy man?
（1）how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如：
How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了？
How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？
（2）how long还可用来询问长度。例如：
How long is the river? 这条河多长？
【拓展】辨析：how often, how soon与how long
词语
词义
用法
答语特征
how often
多久一次
询问动作的频率
often, twice a week等
how soon
多快，过多久
询问时间多快
in+ 一段时间
how long
多久；多长
询问时间多久；询问长度
for/about+一段时间；具体数字+长度单位
例如：
A：How often do you visit your mother? 你多长时间看你妈妈一次?
B：Once a week.一周一次。
A：How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来?
B：In an hour. 1 小时以后。
A：How long did he stay here? 他在这儿呆了多久?
B：About two weeks. 大约两个星期。
A：How long is the river? 这条河有多长？
B：About 500 km. 大约500千米。
5. How could you have missed scoring that goal?
“can / could have done”表示“对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定”。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句，could的语气较can弱。例如：
I didn’t see her at the meeting this morning, she can’t / couldn’t have spoken at the meeting.
早上会议上我没看见她，她不可能在会议上发言。
He can’t have finished the work so soon.
他不可能这么快就完成工作。
【拓展】
（1）must have done 表示“对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测”，语气比较坚定，通常只用于肯定句。例如：
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
一定下过雨了，地面很湿。
（2）should have done常谈论过去的情况，主要用于指“本该发生而实际上未发生的事”。例如：
You should have told me so before.
你早就应该告诉我。
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Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago.
瞧，都什么时候了! 十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。
（3）may / might have done表示“对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不是很肯定的推测”，might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句。例如：
He may have already done his work. 他也许已经做完了工作。
6. But I think if we continue to pull together, we’re going to win the next one.
pull together 是固定搭配，意为“齐心协力；通力合作”。pull是动词，意为“拖；拉”。其反义词是“push”，意为“推”。例如：
If we pull together, we can succeed.
如果我们齐心协力，我们就能成功。
They pulled together and got over all the difficulties.
他们通力合作，战胜了所有的困难。
【拓展】pull 构成的常见固定搭配：
pull down 拆毁； pull back 撤退； pull out 出站
【句式精练】
I. 用make的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. 虽然他曾经常把他小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了。
Though he____________ his little sister cry, today he ____________cry by his little sister.
2. 她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。
She had to shout to_____________________.
3.我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。
We’ll do our best to____________________.
4.有些纸是用木头做的。
Some paper_________________ wood.
5.米可以酿成酒。
Rice can ________________wine.
6.他不必担心，他会办成的。
You needn’t worry; he_________________.
II. 根据括号内所给的词语提示，翻译下列句子。
1．大声的音乐使我紧张。(make; tense)
__________________________________________________________．
2．悲伤的电影使她想要离开。(make; leave)
__________________________________________________________．
3．等她让我生气。(Waiting for; make)
__________________________________________________________．
4．故事如此感人以至于使我们都哭了。(so…that…; moving; make)
__________________________________________________________．
5．我宁愿去蓝色海洋。(rather)
__________________________________________________________．
III. 句型转换，按照括号里的要求完成句子，每空一词。
1．Mary likes math better than English．(改为同义句)
Mary ______ math ______ English．
2．Mike broke the window yesterday．(改为被动句)
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The window ______ ______ by Mike yesterday．
3．Work hard，or you won’t pass the exam．(改为同义句)
______ you don’t work hard，you will ______ the exam．
4．Tom is so young that he can’t go to school．(改为同义句)
Tom isn’t ______ ______ ______ go to school．
5．There was a road here in the past．But there isn’t now．(改为同义句)
There ______ to ______ a road．
6．He works hard．He doesn’t want to lose his job．(合并为一句)
He works hard ______ ______ ______ ______ lose his job．
7．This is an interesting story written by Charles Dickens．(改为同义句)
This is an interesting story ______ ______ written by Charles Dickens．
8．She can look after her mother well．(改为被动句)
Her mother ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ by her．
9．“Don’t open the window，please.”he said to Tom．(改为间接引语)
He ______ Tom ______ ______ ______ the window．
10．Your living room is very bright．(改为感叹句)
______ ______ your living room is!
IV. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子，每空一词。
1．他很聪明，知道如何赚更多的钱。
He is very clever and knows how to ______ ______ ______．
2．我不喜欢下雨天，因为它们常常使我伤感。
I don’t like rainy days because they often ______ ______ ______．
3．学生应该学会如何学习，否则你会觉得压力太大。
Students should learn how to study or you will ______ ______ ______．
4．我把钥匙忘在家了。
I ______ ______ ______ at home．
5．那天我起得很早，以便能赶上早班火车。
That day I got up early ______ ______ I could catch the early train．
6．妈妈在桌子上给我留了张字条。
Mum ______ ______ ______ ______ on the table．
7．悲伤的电影只会让我想要离开。
Sad movies just ______ me ______ ______ ______．
8．他找到了一份好工作，因此他不再向他父母要钱了。
He found a good job，so he didn’t _______ his parents ______ money ____________．
V. 根据对话内容，从方框内选择合适的句子补全对话。（有两项多余）
A. Have you seen it?
B. Are you interested?
C. That’s very nice of you.
D. But what is on recently?
E. That must be impressive.
F. Do you like the movie Aftershock (唐山大地震)?
G. What do you think of FengXiaogang’s comedies ?
G. Well, what kind of movies do you like then?
M: Hey, Li Fei. Would you like to see a movie tomorrow evening?
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W: I’d love to. (1)___________
M: Aftershock has been on since 12th July. (2)___________
W: I’m afraid not. It will make me sad and I don’t like sad movies.
M: (3)__________
W: FengXiaogang’s comedies are all very good, like A World Without Thieves which makes me so happy every time I see it.
M: Oh, I see. But I think you should try a different one. It’s really moving.
W: (4)___________
M: No, I haven’t. But some of my friends have seen it and they all said they were moved to tears by the great family love in the movie.
W: (5)___________ So, see you at the cinema tomorrow evening.
M: That’s good. Let’s meet at 7 o’clock.
W: OK.
VI. 短文填空。
阅读短文，然后在空格处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已给出。[有的词请注意词形的变化]
Wang Yaping is a Chinese spacewoman. She has made history when she was thirty-three years old — she has been China’s f________(1) teacher in space.
Wang t________(2) Chinese primary and middle school students on Earth physics phenomena(现象) in space. She prepared w________(3) for the lecture and expressed full confidence about the lesson.
Meeting the media, she said, “We are all s________(4) facing the space. We are l________(5) forward to encouraging our young friends to learn and research the mystical and beautiful space. ”
Wang was born in J________(6) 1980. She is f________(7) east China’s Shandong Province. She was a pilot in the People’s Liberation Army Air Force with experience of 1,600 h________(8) of flying.
Except the space lecture, Wang w________ (9) responsible(负责的) for monitoring(监测) the conditions of spacecraft, space experiments and operation of equipment, among others.
Wang has served the People’s Liberation Army s________(10) August 1997. In May 2010, Wang b________ (11) a member of the second batch of Chinese astronauts. Wang was chosen to be the member of the Shenzhou-10 space group in April 2013. She was China’s second woman astronaut w________(12) was sent into space after Liu Yang who flew with the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft.
How great Wang Yaping is!
【参考答案】
I. 用make的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. had often made; was made to
2. make herself heard
3. make you happy
4. is made from
5. be made into
6. will make it
II.根据括号内所给的词语提示，翻译下列句子。
1．Loud music makes me tense.
2．Sad movies make her want to leave．
10
3．Waiting for her makes me angry．
4．The story was so moving that it made us cry．
5．I’d rather go to Blue Ocean．
III.句型转换,按照括号里的要求完成句子, 每空一词。
1．prefers；to 2．was broken 3．If；fail 4．old enough to 5．used；be
6．in order not to7．which/that was 8．can be looked after well 9．told；not to open
10．How bright
IV. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子，每空一词。
1．make more money 2．make me sad 3．feel stressed out 4．left my key 5．so that
6．left me a note 7．make；want to leave 8．ask；for；any more
V. 根据对话内容，从方框内选择合适的句子补全对话。（有两项多余）
1-5 DBGAE
VI. 短文填空。
1. first 2. taught 3. well 4. students 5. looking 6. January/June/July
7. from 8. hours 9. was 10. since 11. became 12. who
10
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