Unit 4 Amazing science
词汇精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. invention
（1）invention作名词，意为“发明；创造；虚构；发明物”。例如：
Necessity is the mother of invention.
需要是发明之母。
The whole thing is an invention of a newspaper.
整件事都是一家报纸虚构的。
The machine is his own invention.
这台机器是他自己的发明物。
（2）invent是 invention的动词形式，意为“发明；创造；虚构”。例如：
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯。
The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。
【拓展】
invent和discover辨析：
（1）invent 意为“发明，发明之物”指“从无到有”。例如：
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
（2）discover 意为“发现”，指“本来就已经存在，但不为人知”的事物。例如：
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
2. thought
（1）thought作名词，意为“思想；想法；见解；看法；主意”。例如：
The old man was lost in thought and did not hear us come in.
这个老人凝神沉思，没有听见我们进来。
Learn new culture, create new thought, establish new idea and reach new success.
学新文化，创新思想，立新观念，铸就新成功!
Don’t give it another thought.
不要再想了。
（2）think作动词，是动词think的过去式和过去分词形式，意为“想，思考，考虑”。例如：
It used to be thought that the earth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是扁平的。
I thought you were a teacher. 我以前认为你是一名教师。
I do not think that need be thought about. 我认为不必考虑那件事。
3. imagination
imagination作名词，意为“想象；想象力；幻想”。例如：
These plans is a complete failure of imagination.
这些计划毫无想象力。
A sketch can stimulate one’s own imagination.
图形能促进一个人的想象力。
You didn’t really see a ghost, it’s only imagination.
你并没有真地看见鬼，这仅仅是幻想。
【拓展】
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imagine作动词，意为“想象”。imagine 是及物动词，后面可跟名词，代词，动名词和从句作宾语。例如：
We cannot imagine life without any hardships. 我们不能想象没有任何坎坷的生活。
I can imagine the scene clearly in my mind. 我仍然能很清晰地想象此番情景
I once imagined him a thin tall man. 我曾以为他是个高高的瘦瘦的人。
She always imagine it an easy thing. 她总是设想这事轻而易举。
I can’t imagine myself teaching in front of that many people.
我不能想象自己在那么多人面前教书。
Can you imagine Tom’s cooking the dinner himself? 你能想象汤姆居然亲自下厨做饭？
Mr. Smith couldn’t imagine what had happened at all.
史密斯不能想到发生了什么事。
I imagine (that) you are very tired. 我猜想你已经很累了吧。
4. mark
（1）mark作名词，意为“记号；痕迹；分数；商标”。例如：
He makes a mark on the tree.
他在树上做了个记号。
War has left its mark on the country.
战争给该国留下了不可磨灭的痕迹。
He attained a good mark in the examination.
他在考试中得到好分数。
Look at the mark on the goods.
看产品上的商标。
（2）mark作动词，意为“打分；留意；标记”。例如：
They have got a pile of exam papers to mark.
他们有一大堆试卷要打分。
Viola did not fail to mark the words of the old song.
薇奥拉果然留意了这支古老歌曲的词儿。
Mark all of the large cities on the map.
在地图上把所有大城市标记出来。
5. describe
describe作动词，意为“描述；说成；形容”。其名词形式为description。例如：
The police asked me to describe exactly how it happened.
警察让我描述一下这事是怎样发生的。
He describes himself as a doctor.
他自称是医生。
It is very difficult to describe my joy in words.
我的快乐难以用语言来形容。
6. realize
（1）realize作为及物动词，意为“认识到，了解”。例如：
He didn’t realize his mistake until his mother told him.
直到妈妈告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。
I didn’t realize how late it was. 我没有意识到天已经那么晚了。
When he realized what had happened, he was sorry. 当他明白发生了什么事时，他感到很难过。
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（2） realize还可以表示“实现；完成”的意思。例如：
The girl finally realized her dream of becoming an actress.
那个女孩当演员的梦想终于实现了。
【拓展】
realize与recognize这两个词都有“认识，识别”的意思，但在具体用法上又有所差别。
（1）recognize也可以用作及物动词，表示“认出, 辨认”的意思。例如：
I recognized his voice. 我辨认出了他的声音。
I recognized her as my friend’s daughter. 我认出了她是我朋友的女儿。
（2）recognize还可以表示“清楚知道；认定”的意思。例如：
I recognized him to be cleverer than I am. 我认识到他比我聪明。
7. weigh
weigh表示“称……的重量”，是及物动词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词。例如：
He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。
Do you often weigh yourself? 你经常称体重吗?
He weighs 60 kilos. 他体重60公斤。
The meat weighs five pounds. 这肉重五磅。
【拓展】
weight是名词，意为“重量，体重”。例如：
What’s your weight? 你体重是多少？
比较：by weight 和 in weight
by weight表示“按重量”，in weight表示“重量上”。例如：
Do they charge carriage by weight?
他们是按重量收取运费吗?
It’s smaller in size but greater in weight.
它体积比较小，但分量比较重。
8. prove
prove作动词，意为“证明；证实；证明是；结果是；原来是”。prove既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，可接名词、代词、从句作宾语。prove还可接“to be+ n./adj./prep. -phrase”充当补足语的复合宾语， to be一般可以省略。例如：
He has proved his courage in the battle.
他已在这场战斗中证明了自己的勇气。
And she has the numbers to prove it.
而且，她有数据来证明它。
She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.
她结果可能是最适合干这工作的人。
They proved themselves wise and brave. 他们证实自己机智、勇敢。
Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun.
伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的。
The handbook proved most useful. 这本手册证明很有用。
9. doubt
doubt既可作动词，也可作名词，意为“怀疑”。
（1）doubt用作动词
1）doubt+名词或代词。例如：
I doubt his word. 我怀疑他的话。
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They doubted him before. 他们以前曾经怀疑过他。
2）doubt+宾语从句：在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time. 我相信他能按时完成任务。
Do you doubt that she will succeed? 你怀疑她会成功吗？
在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。例如：
I doubt whether they can swim across the river. 我怀疑他们能否游过河去。
He doubts if she will keep her word. 他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。
（2）doubt用作名词
1）常与about/of/as to/on等介词连用。例如：
There is no doubt about it. 此事无可怀疑。
I have no doubt of his ability. 对于他的能力我毫不怀疑。
She has her doubts as to this being true. 她怀疑这事是否真实。
No one has any doubt on this point. 这一点没有人会怀疑。
2）doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句。例如：
I have no doubt that he will succeed. 我相信他会成功的。
10. inside
（1）inside作介词，意为“在……内；在……里；在……内部”。例如：
He parked his car inside the gate.
他把车停在大门里面。
（2）inside作形容词，意为“内部的；里面的”。例如：
All the inside rooms were skylighted.
所有里面的房间都装了天窗。
Maybe it is in your inside pocket.
它可能在你衣服里面的口袋里。
（3）inside作副词，意为“在里面；在内；在室内”。例如：
We have to play inside because it is raining.
因为天下雨，我们不得不在屋里玩。
11. connect
connect 作动词，意为“连接，把……连接起来”。常用于“connect + 名词/代词+ with / to…”表示“把……连起来”。例如：
I can’t connect the computer to (with) the printer.
我不会把打印机和电脑连在一起。
12. besides
besides作介词，意为“除……之外（还有……）”。例如：
Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him.
除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。
【拓展】
besides; except; except for和but的辨析：
这四个短语都有“除……之外”的意思，但具体用法不同：
besides
“除……之外（还有……）”指在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意。
except
“除……之外（没有……）”着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物。表示一种排除关系。有“减除”之意。
but
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和except的用法基本相同。但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于every；all; any; nothing; who等词后。
except for
“除……之外”，表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正作用。
例如：
We are all here except/but Tom. 除了Tom外，我们都到齐了。（不包括Tom）
She could do nothing but cry. 除了哭，她没有别的办法。
Besides milk, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶，我们还需要蔬菜。
He is a good man except for hot temper. 他是个好人，除了脾气暴躁。
13. certain
certain作形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：
be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事
be certain / sure + that从句 确信…… 例如：
They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。
I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。
【拓展】
certain和sure的辨析：
两词都含有“确信，肯定”之意，其区别如下：
（1）certain为形容词，不仅表示相信，而且表示有根据，主语既可以是人也可以是物。例如：
He is certain to come. 他一定会来。
It’s certain that he won the game now. 现在可以肯定他赢得了这场比赛。
（2）sure既可以是形容词也可作副词，常表示人的主观愿望或信念，主语通常是人。例如：
Kids nowadays seem very sure of themselves. 现在的小孩显得非常自信。
— Can you give me a ride to work tomorrow? 明天我可以顺路搭你的车去上班吗？
— Sure. 当然可以。
词汇精练
I. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。
1. Before the meeting began, I made the necessary i_____.
2. The students are doing e_____ in the physics lab.
3. There is a supermarket b_____ these mountains.
4. His teachers are full of p_____ for the progress he’s making.
5. A scream (尖叫声) broke the s_____ of the night.
6. There is something wrong with my _______(录音机).
7. The ruler is made of ________ (钢铁).
8. The discovery of penicillin was a _______(里程碑) in the history of medicine.
9. In recent years the scientists have _______ (克隆) some animals.
10. As our _______ (仆人), robots can help us to solve lots of problems.
II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。
1. Edison is one of the greatest _____(invent) in the world.
2. The gravity on the surface of Mars is about one _____(three) as strong as it is on the earth.
3. Make sure you _____(recorder) the numbers of tickets you sell.
4. This railway line _____(connect) London to Edinburgh.
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5. Scientists think that there _____(be) life on the earth for millions of years.
6. He did a lot of _______(science) research before cloning the sheep.
7. They had physical _______ (exam) after they landed on the earth.
8. Jane _______(want) on the phone just now. Mr. Zhang told her to go to school at once.
9. Mr. Green and Mr. Black are our team’s _______(lead).
10. Something must _______(do) to build up a Green Great Wall successfully.
III. 根据短文内容及首字母提示在空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思完整。
Airplanes are the newest kind of transportation. From early times, people tried to
f 1 through the sky like birds. About 100 years a 2 , someone took the first ride on an airplane. This ride lasted for less than one m 3 . These first planes were very s 4 , too. Only one o 5 two people could fly in them at one time.
Today these p 6 are very big and fast. H 7 of people can travel in them at one time. W 8 them, people can get f 9 one side of the United States to the other in less than one day. Traveling is very d 10 from the way it was 100 years ago.
【参考答案】
I. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。
1. introduction 2. experiments 3. beyond 4. praise 5. silence
6. recorder 7. steel 8. milestone/landmark 9. cloned 10. servants
II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）。
1. inventors 2. third 3. record 4. connects 5. has been
6. scientific 7. examinations 8. was wanted 9. leaders 10. be done
III. 从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。
1. fly 2. ago 3. minute 4. small 5. or
6. planes 7. Hundreds 8. With 9. from 10. different
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