Unit 1 The Changing World
句式精讲精练
【句式精讲】
1. What about you?
What about…？=How about …？意为“……怎么样？”，是一个用来提建议或者征求别人意见的句式，有时也可以用来询问某人的身体状况或者近况。其中的about是介词，因此后面要跟名词，代词或者动名词来做宾语。例如：
How (What) about the fruit? 那水果呢？
How (What) about going swimming? 去游泳怎么样？
How (What) about your holiday? 你的假期怎么样？
How (What) about your mother? 你妈妈怎么样？
2. I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.
(1) been是be动词的过去分词形式。
(2) have been to是现在完成时形式，一般与already, ever, never连用。例如：
He has never been to Paris.
他从未去过巴黎。
【拓展】have been to; have been in 与have gone to的辨析：
(1)“have/ has been to + 地点”表示“去过某地”，现在已经回来了。例如：
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I’ve been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次。
(2)“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地待了一段时间”。例如：
He’s been in this school for two years.
他在这所学校待了两年了。
(3)“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“到某地去了”，现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中。例如：
— Where’s Wei Hua? 魏华在哪里？
— She has gone to the zoo. 她到动物园去了。
3. To help others makes us happy.
make作使役动词，意为“使……；让……”讲时，常构成make + 宾语(sb./sth.) + 形容词/名词（作宾补），即make sb. / sth. + adj./n.。例如：
What he said makes us happy.
他所说的话使我们很高兴。
We made John our monitor.
我们选约翰当班长。
【拓展】
make作使役动词，还可后接省略to的动词不定式，即：make sb. do sth. 意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如：
The boss made them work for long time.
老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget past.
他们使我们忘记了过去。
4.China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up.
since为介词，意为“自从”，通常连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago，谓语动词一般用现在完成时。例如：
She has been ill since last weekend.
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她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.
自从四年前她就在武汉。
【拓展】
since还可以作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：
I have studied English since I came here.
自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old.
自从我五岁就认识她。
5.Chinese people have had more time to spend on various kinds of leisure activities.
spend可指花费时间和金钱，其主语为人，常用句型为：主语+spend +“时间或金钱”+on sth.或in（可省略 ) doing sth.
I spend five minutes on breakfast every day.
我每天花五分钟的时间吃早餐。
He spent an hour writing the letter.
他写这封信花了一个小时。
【拓展】
句型It takes somebody some time to do sth意为“花费某人一段时间做某事”， take 是动词，意为“花费（时间）”。
It took me forty minutes to do my homework yesterday.
昨天我花了40分钟的时间做作业。
It takes half an hour by bus to go to the hospital.
坐车去医院要花半个小时的时间。
6. They used to be, but the city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.
used to do sth是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。
肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school.
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过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。
否定句：You didn’t use to like pop songs.=You usedn’t to like pop songs.
你过去常常不喜欢流行歌曲。
一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?
你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？
there be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river.
过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。
【拓展】
(1) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。
例如：
Knives are used to cut things.
小刀是用来切东西的。
(2) be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如：
My father is used to living in the village.
我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。
7.Thanks to the policy, China is developing quickly.
thanks to意为“幸亏……；多亏……；由于……”，to后接某人或某物，不表达感谢的含义，而是表达原因，有时可以与because of或with the help of互换。例如：
Thanks to John’s kind help, we finished early.
多亏约翰的好心帮助，我们才早早完成。
【拓展】
(1)“Thank sb. for…”意为“为……而感谢某人”，也可表达为“Thanks for…”。例如：
Thank you for your help. = Thanks for your help.
感谢你的帮助。
(2)“Thank sb. for doing sth.”或者“Thanks for doing
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sth.”意为“感谢某人做了某事”。
例如：
Thank you / Thanks for sending me such a nice present.
谢谢你寄给我这么漂亮的礼物。
(3) thank可以用作名词，意思是“谢谢”，常用复数形式。例如：
Many thanks. 多谢。
8. So do I.
(1) So do I 是一个倒装句，它的结构是：So＋助动词、情态动词、联系动词＋主语，它的意思是“某人也是这样、某人也是如此”。表示后面的主语所发生的动作和前面句子的主语发生动作一样。助动词、联系动词和前面句子的时态、本句子的主语保持一致。例如：
My mother was watching TV at that time. So was my father.
我妈妈那个时候在看电视，我爸爸也是。
(2) 如果前面的句子是否定句，后面的句子表示“某人也是这样”，用Neither/Nor代替So。
例如：
－My brother doesn’t like swimming.
－Neither/Nor do I.
我弟弟不喜欢游泳。我也是这样。
【句式精练】
I. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。英汉互译。
1.I have already seen the film. (改为一般疑问句)
Have you _____ the film _____?
2.They have brought us very good news. (改为感叹句)
_____ _____ _____ they have brought us!
3.—Have you ever met each other before? (作否定回答)
—_____, _____.
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4.She’s never late for school. (改为现在完成时)
She _____never _____ late for school.
5.I’ll not go there unless you go with me. (同义句转换)
I’ll not go there _____ you _____ go with me.
6. My father used to play cards. (改为否定句)
My father ______ _______to play cards.
7. How do you like the film?(同义句转换)
_______do you _______ ________the film?
8. I have been here since I came here two years ago.(对划线部分提问)
_______ ________have you been here?
9. As a matter of fact, he is always ready to help others.（同义句转换）
_______ _______, he is always ready to help others.
10. The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself.（同义句转换）
The boy is young look after himself.
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1.这个女孩从未去过上海。
The girl_______ _______ _______ _______ Shanghai.
2.汤姆忙于帮助妈妈做家务，他没有时间和你玩。
Tom is _______ _______ his mother housework, he has no time to play with you.
3.中国的人口是多少？
_______ _______ _______ of China?
4.她非常喜欢唱歌。李磊也是。
She likes singing a lot. _______ _______ Li Lei.
5.我不知道这个男孩发生了什么事。
I don’t know _______ _______ _______ the boy.
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6.实际上，它是一个帮助无家可归的人的组织。
_______ _______ _______ _______, it is a program that helps homeless people.
7.你不该离开，最好亲自看看。
You shouldn’t leave. _______ _______ see it for yourself.
8.她来北京3年了。
She_______ _______ _______ Beijing for three years.
9.他们力争让流浪儿童重新过上正常的生活。
They _______ _______ make homeless children return to a normal life.
10.大多数人因气候寒冷而生病。
Most people are sick _______ _______ the cold weather.
III.补全对话。
根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Brian: Hi, Cindy. 1
Cindy: Hi, Brian. It is nice to see you and so many old classmates.
Brian: So it is. 2
Cindy: You're right. It's really a long time.
Brian: Did you see the old photos on the wall?
Cindy: I sure did. 3
Brian: But those are some great memories.
Cindy: Hey! 4
Brian. Yes, it is. I remember he used to stay up all night studying.
Cindy: 5
Brian: Yes. He was the only one left in the class when he woke up.
Cindy: That was really funny.
A. What happened?
B. Long time no see!
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C. Who took these photos?
D. Isn't that John over there?
E. We looked so funny in them.
F. I can't believe it's been ten years.
G. And then he would fall asleep in class.
1. _________2. _________3. _________4. _________5._________
【参考答案】
I.句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。
1. seen, yet 2.What good news 3.No, never 4.has, been 5.if, don’t
6. usedn’t to 7. What, think of 8. How long 9. In fact 10.too,to
II. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. has never been to 2.busy helping / with 3. What’s the population 4. So does
5. what happened to 6. As a matter of fact 7. You’d better 8. has been in
9.aim to 10.because of
III. 补全对话。
1-5 BFEDG
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