语法填空
精选大题
A
【2018·全国I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___1___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___2__ _(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___3___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___4___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___5___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___6___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___7___(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___8___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___9___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___10___a try.
【答案】1. longer 2. to see 3. dying 4. is 5. than
6. that /which 7. causes 8. strengthen 9. energetic 10. it
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
1.考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
2.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或者时间太长就为了看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
3.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然可以通过跑步减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
4. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
5. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
6. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
7.考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅用每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
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8.考查词性变化。通过锻炼增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
9.考查词性变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
10.考查代词。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it。
B
【2018·全国III】I'm not sure _____11_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____12____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___13__(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____14___(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____15____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___16___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___17___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____18____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____19____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____20____ (stay)and watch.
【答案】11. which 12. the 13. loudest 14. looking 15. challenged
16. scientist 17. for 18. them 19. meant 20. to stay
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。
11.考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更让人害怕，是我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which。
12.考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
13.考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
14. 考查非谓语动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
15. 考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
16. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
17.考查介词。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我在寻找我研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。”
18.考查代词。此处作find的宾语，所以用宾格them。
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19.考查谓语动词。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时态，所以用meant。
20.考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。
模拟精做
A
【福建省莆田第九中学 2019 届高三上学期第一次调研】Martin Strel swims with a knife _____1_____ (fasten) to his right leg—in case he meets sharks and other ___2___ (dead) sea life in the world’s wildest waters. ___3___ 61-year-old marathon swimmer has announced the _____4_____ (tough) challenge of his life: a 10,000-mile-around-the-world journey on water ______5______ (draw) public attention to the increasing water ___6___ (pollute). He aims to circle the globe in about 450 days, passing through oceans, rivers,_____7_____ (canal) and other bodies of water in more than 100 countries. He will swim about 5 to 12 hours each day, depending on the weather. A boat will go _____8_____ him and offer emergency support and space for small breaks.
Since 2000, Strel ______9______ (swim) the entire length of five rivers in China, America, etc. Strel will not be alone in the water. He says he welcomes ____10____ is interested in joining him for parts of the route.
【答案】1. fastened 2. deadly 3. The 4. toughest 5. to draw
6. pollution 7. canals 8. with/behind 9. has swum 10. whoever
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述Martin Strel在世界上最狂野的水域游泳的情况。这位61岁的马拉松游泳运动员宣布了他一生中最艰巨的挑战：一场万英里的环球之旅，以引起公众对日益严重的水污染的关注。
1.考查过去分词。此处是with的独立主格结构，with+名词/代词+过去分词，a knife和fasten之间是被动关系，with结构做伴随状语，故答案为fastened。
2.考查形容词。句意：Martin Strel游泳时把一把刀系在他的右腿上——以防他在世界上最狂野的水域遇到鲨鱼和其他致命的海洋生物。形容词修饰名词，deadly“致命的”，结合句意可知答案为deadly。
3.考查冠词。此处表示特指，故答案为The。
4.考查最高级。句意：这位61岁的马拉松游泳运动员宣布了他一生中最艰巨的挑战。结合句意可知此处用最高级，故答案为toughest。
5.考查动词不定式做目的状语。句意：一场万英里的环球之旅，以引起公众对日益严重的水污染的关注。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故答案为to draw。
6.考查不可数名词。此处表示“水污染”。且pollution是不可数名词，故答案为pollution。
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7.考查名词复数。句意：他的目标是在大约450天内环游地球，在100多个国家通过海洋、河流、运河和其他水体。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为canals。
8.考查介词。句意：一艘船将与他一起，提供紧急支援和小休息的空间。结合句意可知答案为with/behind。
9.考查现在完成时态。句意：自2000年以来，Strel已经在中国、美国等地的5条河流中畅游了。此处since“自从……以来”，所以句子用现在完成时态，主语是Strel，单数第三人称，故答案为has swum。
10.考查宾语从句。句意：他说，他欢迎任何有兴趣加入他的人来参加部分路线。宾语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少主语，结合句意可知此处是whoever“无论谁”引导的宾语从句。
B
【南开中学2018-2019学年上学期高三第一次月考】One night four college kids____11____(stay) out late, partying and having a good time. They paid no mind___12___the test they had scheduled for the next day and didn't study. In the morning, they hatched a plan to get out of____13____(take) their test. They covered___14___(they) with grease（润滑油）and dirt and went to the Dean's office____15____(nervous).Once there, they said they____16____(be) to a wedding the previous night and on the way back they got___17___flat tire and had to push the car back to campus.
The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in deep____18____(think).Then he offered them a retest three days later. They thanked him and accepted his offer.
____19____the test day arrived, they went to the Dean. The Dean put them all in separate_____20_____(room) for the test. They were fine with this since they had all studied hard. Then they saw the test. It had 2 questions.
【答案】11. stayed 12. to 13. taking 14. themselves 15. nervously
16. had been 17. a 18. thought 19. When 20. rooms
【解析】这是一篇故事类阅读。文章讲述了四名大学生由于贪玩，借故逃避考试的故事。
11.考查时态。通过阅读文章，可知本文是在讲故事，整篇文章都用的是一般过去时，所以这里也应该用一般过去时，所以填stayed。
12.考查固定短语。句意：他们不介意第二天的考试，并且也不学习。paid no mind to不介意，该短语是固定短语，所以填to。
13.考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他们计划逃避他们的考试。get out of逃避，这个短语中，of是介词，介词后用v+ing形式，所以填taking。
14.考查反身代词。句意：他们用污垢和润滑油覆盖他们自己。题干中意思是“覆盖他们自己”，用反身代词，所以填themselves。
15.考查副词。句意：紧张地来到院长办公室。该空修饰动词went，用副词，所以填nervously。
16.考查宾语从句的时态。they_______(be) to a wedding the previous night作said的宾语，所以they________(be) to a wedding the previous night是一个宾语从句，主句they
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said用的是一般过去时，从句动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，所以填had been。
17.考查冠词。题干中表示“他们的一个轮胎漏气了”，a flat tire车轮泄气，该短语是固定短语，所以填a。
18.考查名词。句意：院长听着他们悲伤的故事，陷入了沉思。get lost in deep thought陷入深深的沉思，该短语是固定短语，所以填thought。
19.考查连词。句意：当考试来临时，他们来到了院长那里。题干中表示“当……时”，所以填when。
20.考查名词单复数。句意：院长把他们安排在单独的房间。题干中表示“单独的房间”，用名词复数，所以填rooms。
C
【渭南尚德中学2018-2019学年度第一学期高三第一次教学质量检测】Friendship is indispensable(不可缺少的) to people’s life. A man without friends is like an angel without wings, ____21____ life will suffer in the long tolerance of loneliness and depression. Friendship is the mother of our soul, who will warm her kid if hurt ____22____ (occur). We have many things such as happiness, ____23____ (excite) and bitterness, to share with our friends in life, etc. Thus, it is important ___24____ (maintain) a true friendship.
It takes many special qualities to make a friend. Understanding should come first. Only ___25___ we get a better understanding of each other can we gain ____26____authentic and meaningful friendship.
It also takes a special kind of love that seems to have no end. Never hesitate to show your kindness to your friend when he/she is ____27____ trouble. Love is not selfish. Love is such a valuable quality ____28____ (give) by God that we should treasure it all our life.
Tolerance is the ____29____ (three) essential part in friendship. We are ____30____ (absolute) different persons. This individual distinction may cause conflict. But just try to tolerate others so that you can maintain your friendship.
【答案】21. whose 22. occurs 23. excitement 24. to maintain 25. when
26. an 27. in 28. given 29. third 30. absolutely
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了友谊是人们生活中不可缺少的部分，并且介绍了交朋友的三个品质：理解、爱和容忍。
21.考査代词。分析句子可知后半部分是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为a man，先行词在从句中作定语修饰名词life，要用关系代词whose指代先行词，故填whose。
22.考査谓语动词。因if引导的条件状语从句的主语是单数名词hurt，本句话用的是一般现在时，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填occurs。
23.考查名词。由本空格前面的happiness以及后面的bitterness可知，这里应该填excite的名词形式。故填excitement。
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24.考查不定式。由it is+形容词+to do sth.的结构可知这里填不定式，在此结构中，不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语。故填to maintain。
25.考查连词。句意：只有当我们更好地相互了解，我们才能获得一份真挚和有意义的友谊。根据句意可知此处需要when表示“当……的时候”，来引导时间状语从句，故填when。
26.考查冠词。句意：只有当我们更好地相互了解，我们才能获得一份真挚和有意义的友谊。friendship 是抽象名词，抽象名词一般是不可数的，但当它前面有修饰语时其前面可加冠词a或者an。又因为authentic是元音开头，所以此处填冠词an，故填an。
27.考査介词。in trouble 意为“在困难中"，为固定搭配。故填in。
28.考查非谓语。此处本句已经有谓语动词is，故give在此作非谓语。又由后面的“by God”可知是被动关系，故用过去分词given作后置定语来修饰名词quality，故填given。
29.考査序数词。根据上文提到交朋友的两个品质：理解和爱，可知此处容忍是第三个品质，所以此处应用three的序数词third，表示“第三个” 故填third。
30.考査副词。此处用于修饰空格后的形容词different，要用副词absolutely来修饰形容词different，故填absolutely。
D
Baidu is not a doctor
【河北衡水中学2018-2019学年度上学期高三年级期中】When people ___31___ (face) with health or nutrition questions, it is ___32___ (increasing) common to go online and diagnose themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice, some of which ___33___ (be) extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by ___34___ (popular) rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth ___35___ (check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. Anyone can call ___36___ (they) a “diet expert”, “nutritionist” and even a “doctor” — given it could refer to qualifications like a PhD. But remember, only officially ___37___ (recognize) practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical ___38___ (suggest). So if you are unsure and still wondering ___39___ the chocolate diet really does work or not, then it pays to make ___40___ appointment with your dietician or doctor. The truth is out there, and you just need to look in the right place!
【答案】31. are faced 32. increasingly 33. is 34. popularity 35. checking
36. themselves 37. recognized /recognised 38. suggestions 39. whether 40. an
【解析】本文为说明文。当很多人有健康或营养方面的问题时，他们会直接去百度搜索，自我诊断。这其实是不科学的，因为搜索引擎的结果是按照受欢迎的程度而不是按照准确性来排序的。因此百度不是医生，遇到问题，最好和医生预约，去应该去的地方。
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31.考查动词的时态语态。句意：当人们面对健康或营养问题时，上网和自我诊断越来越普遍。be faced with…为固定搭配，意为“面对……”，本句的主语是people是集合名词，所以谓语动词要用复数，又因本文时态为一般现在时，因此填are faced。
32.考查词性转换。此处应用increasing的副词形式修饰形容词common，因此填increasingly。
33.考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句的主语是“some of which”，which指代前面的不可数名词advice，因此本小题要用单数形式，故be动词要用is。
34.考查名词。本空是后面的名词accuracy进行对比，所以本空也要用popular的名词形式。因此填popularity。
35.考查非谓语动词。sth. be worth doing为固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，所以本空要用动词的ing形式，故填checking。
36.考查反身代词。句意：任何人都可以称自己为“饮食专家”。call oneself 可译为“自称……”，因此本空填themselves。
37.考查非谓语动词。此处表示官方认可的，逻辑主语是doctors，它和recognise二间是被动关系，故用其过去分词recognized / recognised。
38.考查词性转换和名词的复数。空格处作非谓语giving的宾语，作宾语应用名词形式，指只有被官方认可的医生才有资格给出医学建议，故填suggestions。
39.考查宾语从句。句意：如果你不能确定，仍然想知道巧克力饮食是否会起作用……，宾语从句成分完整，在wondering后面表示不确定应用whether，意为“是否“，因此填whether。
40.考查冠词。make an appointment为固定搭配，意为“与某人有约定，与某人有约会”、此处表示和医生预约，是泛指概念。因此填an。
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