阅读理解 记叙文
精选大题
A
【2018·北京卷】My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
1. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.
A. was well trained B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope
2. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
11
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
3. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.
4. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
【答案】1-4 CCAB
【解析】本文是一篇故事类记叙文。作者讲述了没有运动天赋的他，在20多岁才开始长跑，但是在一次跑马拉松比赛前夕踝关节受伤，可他坚持不懈，最终实现了自我的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的 “Yet, I was determined to go ahead” 可知，作者在马拉松前一个月下定决心要参加马拉松比赛。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的 “He later informed me that I was ‘not athletic’ ”可知，作者的经历证明他在运动方面并非很有天赋。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.”以及前文中作者行进经过的标志可知，虽然作者是最后到达终点的一批马拉松选手，但是他跑完了全程。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’.”可知，作者享受到了战胜自我的快乐，认为只要努力了就算是胜利者。故选B。
B
【2017·浙江卷】Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look
11
ragged (蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (风景) painting. William Williams, a wellknown painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.
5. What is the text mainly about?
A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.
B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
6. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat would be closely watched.
B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
7. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B. He provided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him how to make engravings.
8. Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________.
11
A. master the use of paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get to know other painters
D. make up his mind to be a painter
【答案】5-8 CDBD
【解析】本文是一篇人物介绍类的记叙文。主要讲述了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候绘画天赋的培养和他在6至9岁时受到的艺术启蒙教育。
5. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段首句“Benjamin West…showed his talent for art when…”，以及下文第四段首句提到的“In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old…”和最后一段内容及最后一句“…boy decided then that he would be an artist.”，并结合全文可知，文章主要讲述了Benjamin West (本杰明·韦斯特)少年时代的艺术启蒙，特别是6至9岁阶段，所以C项能概括全文大意。
6. 词义猜测题。该句需要结合上下文来理解。根据上文第二段提到本杰明剪猫的毛来制作画笔，导致猫的“毁毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington给他送来了很多画画的颜料和画笔。由此我们可以推断，该下划线句子内容说明“猫的命运不久将得到改善”。故这句话隐含着“本杰明将很快不再需要用猫的毛制作画笔了，他将得到很多真正的画笔”的意思，答案选D项。
7. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段首句“In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知，为了更好地培养本杰明的画画天赋，堂兄Pennington给了他很多帮助，提供了创作用的材料等，故选B。
8. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段本杰明说的话，以及 “While it is likely that he understood... The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，著名画家William给予的两本关于绘画的著作启迪了本杰明幼小的心灵，帮助他打开了通往伟大艺术的殿堂之门，使他立志成为艺术家，所以答案选D项。
模拟精做
A
【江西省重点中学盟校2019届高三第一次联考】On a flight from Dallas, Texas, to Cincinnati, Ohio, to visit a friend in 2008, event planner Paige Chenault daydreamed about the grand birthday parties she’d throw for her daughter one day. (Paige was five months pregnant at the time.) Then, flipping through a magazine, she saw a photo of an impoverished Haitian boy, skinny. “I thought, this kid has nothing,” Paige says.
The image stayed with her, and she resolved to do something to help. “I decided I would use my talents to throw birthday parties for homeless kids,” Paige says. For the next four years, Paige
11
and her husband, Colin, took time out from parenthood to visit shelters to determine how best to pull off the parties.
Finally, in January 2012, Paige launched the Birthday Party Project, a nonprofit organization, and recruited friends and family to help decorate Dallas’s 75-occupant Family Gateway Shelter with balloons and streamers, celebrating the birthdays of 11 boys and girls, with 60 more homeless kids in attendance. “That first party was better than I could have ever imagined,” says Paige.
Now Paige and her staff of three paid employees work with regional volunteers to plan monthly themed parties at 15 shelters across the country, some of which house abused or abandoned kids. Each child celebrating a birthday that month gets a $30 gift, a decorative place mat, and an individual cake or cupcake.
One of Paige’s favorite parts of each party is when the kids make a wish and blow out the candles. “They rarely get a chance to dream big,” says Paige.
Her daughter, Lizzie, now seven, often helps out at the parties. Paige says, “The one thing I’ve always wanted is for my kid to be generous.”
1. What was it that made Paige want to help the homeless children?
A. A flight from Dallas to Ohio. B. Her daughter’s birthday.
C. The photo of a Haitian boy. D. Her talent for throwing parties.
2. What does the underlined word “impoverished” mean?
A. adorable B. poor C. talented D. dead
3. What can be learnt from the passage?
A. A total of 75 full-time workers are employed by Paige at present.
B. After unsuccessful attempts, Paige finally threw a wonderful party for the homeless kids.
C. Kids can spend $30 to celebrate their birthday.
D. Paige commits herself to the cause of helping the homeless kids.
4. What kind of person do you think Paige is?
A. Caring and sensitive. B. Competent and loyal.
C. Kind and perseverant. D. Responsible and disciplined.
【答案】1-4 CBDC
【解析】本文为记叙文。2008年，在从得克萨斯州达拉斯飞往俄亥俄州辛辛那提看望朋友的航班上，活动策划人佩吉·切诺特梦想着有一天能为女儿举办盛大的生日派对。（佩吉当时怀孕五个月）然后，她翻阅一本杂志，看到了一张照片，照片上是一个贫穷的海地男孩，瘦骨嶙峋。于是就开始了帮助那些孩子们的行动。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The image stayed with her, and she resolved to do something to
11
help.”（这个照片里的形象一直在她心里，她决定做点什么来帮助她）可知，杂志上那个瘦骨嶙峋的海地男孩让佩吉决定帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故C选项正确。
2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词句中的skinny（瘦骨嶙峋）及下文“I thought, this kid has nothing”（我想，这个男孩一无所有）可知，此处意为“一个贫穷的海地男孩”。A. adorable“可爱的，可敬重的”；B. poor“贫穷的，可怜的”；C. talented“有才能的”；D. dead“无生命的”。故B选项正确。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I decided I would use my talents to throw birthday parties for homeless kids”（我决定利用我的才能为无家可归的孩子举办生日派对）以及接下来四个月她和丈夫所做的努力，后期所组织的生日派对可知，佩吉一直致力于帮助无家可归的孩子们。故D选项正确。
4. 推理判断题。佩吉一直致力于帮助无家可归的孩子们，由此可知，她是一个善良而又锲而不舍的人。故C选项正确。
B
【河南省天一大联考“顶尖计划”2019届高三第二次考试（2月）】I got on the bus, dirty and tired after work. It was a sunny day but most of mine had been spent in a dimly-lit warehouse. Needless to say, I left that place every day looking like I worked in a coal mine. However, even with my addiction to alcohol at that time, I still felt a bit proud of myself. I had held this temporary job for 3 months, which was extremely rare.
As I took my seat on the bus going home, I decided that the unpleasant thoughts of my real life would not ruin my spirit today. I lifted my head and smiled at the two elderly ladies sitting across from me and they smiled back and nodded.
I sat back in my seat, fantasizing about a better and new life but was rudely interrupted by our new passenger. She was about thirty but her hair was messy and most of her front teeth were missing. She got on and aggressively pushed her way into a front seat. Then she told the driver that she had no money and looked angrily at whoever dared to look her way.
All I could feel for this woman was sympathy. Just then, she turned her threatening gaze (凝视）towards me and yelled, “Why you so dirty man?” I smiled and said, “I just came from work.” She then asked loudly if I worked in hell and burst into laughter...so I laughed too — with her, and told her that was funny.
Then I asked her her name as I explained my situation. Her name was Karen.
In front of all of us, the miracle and power of kindness showed its beauty. This woman transformed. Her language, behavior and even voice changed when I spoke to her as a friend.
As Karen and I became instant friends, everyone had been watching our interchange. After saying goodbye to each other, I turned and got what my aimless life had needed all along: affirmation. The
11
two old women were holding each other with tears of joy in their eyes and other passengers also gave me thumbs-up signs.
5. Why did the author feel a bit proud after work?
A. He was a coal miner. B. He had got rid of the addiction.
C. He had worked 3 months. D. He was content with his life.
6. Why did the author greet the two elderly ladies?
A. To get acknowledged. B. To offer necessary help.
C. To keep his spirit active. D. To interrupt their conversation.
7. What does the underlined word “affirmation” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Approval. B.Caution. C. Friendship. D.Tolerance.
8. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Do good deeds and win praises. B. Never look down upon anybody.
C. Change a person with your heart. D. Show sympathy instead of rudeness.
【答案】5-6 CCAC
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者劳累一天后坐公交回家时，一位蓬头垢面的女士上车了，举止粗鲁，质问和嘲笑作者，而作者却不生气，反倒对这位女士有同情心，以平等的朋友关系来对待这位女士。这位女士被感动了，举止和说话都变礼貌了。车上的其他乘客对作者的表现大加赞扬。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者当时还有酒瘾，能罕见地把临时工作干了3个月，这让作者有一点自豪。故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“I decided that the unpleasant thoughts of my real life would not ruin my spirit today”可知，作者决定不能让自己现实生活中不开心的事情影响自己的内心世界，要保持积极的心态。故选C。
7. 词义猜测题。根据作者前面的叙述可知，作者正处于人生低谷，需要的是别人的肯定。而最后一段中的最后一句也表明作者转身后看到了其他乘客的赞许。由此推断画线单词意为“肯定，赞同”。故选A。
8. 主旨大意题。文章主要叙述了作者用同情心，积极向上、平等待人的心态感化了一位生活艰苦而又举止相鲁的女士。故选C。
C
【2019届高三第一次全国大联考（新课标Ⅲ卷）】Millions of Americans are abandoning the Thanksgiving dinner table to head to the mall. While in years past, shoppers had to line up before dawn on Black Friday to get easy access to holiday deals, a number of retailers (销售商) are now keeping their doors open before the dishes have been cleared from the holiday feast. And many are more than willing to skip football to shop until they drop. Walmart, Amazon and J.C. Penney are
11
among the retailers who began rolling out deals days or even weeks earlier in the race to win shoppers.
Outside Lord & Taylor on Manhattan’s Fifth Avenue, Janna Holly, 21, outlined her battle plan. “We normally wait until Black Friday to shop for the Christmas gifts. This year, I plan on going to Macy’s, Forever 21 and Sephora,” said the college student from Austin, Texas. “My holiday budget should not be that much, because I have to pay for tuition, but I’ll probably do a lot of shopping anyway.”
MarlinaKozdra of West Orange, N.J., came to New York City to watch the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade with her family, but then went hunting for deals. “Shopping on Thanksgiving is fine as long as you get to do it with your family,” the 34-year-old stay-at-home mom said.
Though the Best Buy in Midtown Manhattan had barricades (路障) outside for the expected crowds of holiday shoppers, only Dag Estrada was waiting there at 1 p.m. on Thanksgiving. He said he’d camped out overnight to buy a television. The store opened at 5 p.m. “I do this every year. It’s a tradition,” he said, explaining that his shopping list sometimes includes tablets and computers, too. “It makes me feel like a New Yorker.” Estrada said he starts planning where to shop three weeks in advance by researching sales in newspapers and looking online. Then, he bargain-hunts alone. “No love, no cat, no dog, just you and deals,”he said.
9. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Shoppers shouldn’t give up their dessert.
B. The sports trade is very popular on holiday.
C. Many Americans rush to the shopping center to buy football.
D. Many retailers compete to get their share of the holiday business.
10. What may Janna Holly concern most when searching for the gift?
A. Its variety. B. Its price. C. Its origin. D. Its quality.
11. Why did MarlinaKozdra come to New York City?
A. To look for a job.
B. To go shopping with her friends.
C. To celebrate the holiday with her family.
D. To have a free taste of the Thanksgiving dessert.
12. What is a New Yorker like according to Dag Estrada?
A. He replaces the household items regularly.
11
B. He would like to go camping during holidays.
C. He hunts for bargains at a yard sale.
D. He is a discount seeker during holiday shopping season.
【答案】9-12 DBCD
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。周末感恩节正式拉开了假日购物季的序幕，不同的人有着不同的购物计划和购物习惯。
9. 词义猜测题。根据前文“a number of retailers (销售商) are now keeping their doors open before the dishes have been cleared from the holiday feast.”许多零售商在节日大餐上的菜肴吃完之前就开门了，可知许多零售商都想把顾客吸引到自己的店铺中来，分得一份假日购物的蛋糕。故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据“My holiday budget should not be that much, because I have to pay for tuition, but I’ll probably do a lot of shopping anyway.” （我的假期预算没有那么多，因为我要付学费，但我还是很可能会买很多东西）可推断出，Janna Holly购物时最关心的可能是价格。故选B。
11. 细节理解题。根据“MarlinaKozira of West Orange N.J. came to New York City to watch the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade with her family”可知，MarlinaKozdra来纽约是为了与家人欢度假期。故选C。
12. 推理判断题。根据 “ ‘I do this every year. It’s a tradition,’ he said... ‘It makes me feel like a New Yorker’ ”可知，他每年都这么做，这让他觉得自己像个纽约人，并且后文中提到他会做一些购物攻略，比较哪里的商品便宜，可推断出，他认为纽约人喜欢在假日购物季里寻找、购买心仪的折扣商品。故选D。
D
【2019届高三第一次全国大联考（江苏卷）】
Larry Ellison came from the slums to co-found Oracle.
Larry Ellison was born on the Lower East Side of New York during World War II, back when that district was still poor and filled with immigrants striving to survive. At an early age, Ellison caught pneumonia（肺炎）and was sent to the South Side of Chicago to live with relatives. Despite these obstacles, he was able to educate himself and join Software Development Laboratories, in 1977.
This was an important move, because in 1982 the company became Oracle. This is a company that brings in $38 billion every single year, and along the way, Ellison — who stepped down（辞职）as CEO in 2014 — managed to accumulate over $46.2 billion in net worth（净值）.
ZdenekBakala flees Communist Czechoslovakia with $50.
ZdenekBakala happens to be one of the leading coal entrepreneurs in the United States. Originally
11
from Czechoslovakia, he fled that country when he was just 19. He arrived in Lake Tahoe with just $50 in his pocket. Once there, he got a job washing dishes at Harrah’s casino.
Fast-forward a few years: Bakala attended the famous University of California-Berkeley and acquired his undergraduate degree. That higher education gained him entry into the banking world. And returning to his homeland, in 1994 he opened the Credit Suisse office in Prague.
Due to his enormous wealth, Bakala has managed to acquire huge shares in both coal and iron ore, which he still holds to this day.
Do Won Chang worked three jobs to survive.
Do Won Chang is the famous face behind Forever 21, who immigrated to the United States from South Korea, in 1981. Before he founded Forever 21, he worked three jobs simultaneously（同时地）, as a gas station clerk, a janitor（守卫）and a coffee shop employee. That period lasted for three years before he founded the company and opened its first clothing store, in 1984.
This family business grew quickly by taking advantage of the benefits of “fast fashion”. Forever 21 is now multi-national and has 480 locations across the world. It has also managed to bring in $3 billion per year. And the next generation has been taken into the company, as Chang has brought his two daughters on board.
13. What can we learn about Larry Ellison?
A. He was born into a wealthy family.
B. He was well educated and capable.
C. He has become a billionaire nowadays.
D. He is still in charge of the company Oracle.
14.Which played the most important role in ZdenekBakala’s success?
A. His family background. B. The education he received.
C. His friends selfless help. D. The huge share he holds.
15. What do the three persons have in common?
A. They all changed from rags to riches.
B. They are all immigrants to the US.
C. They all managed to graduate from college.
D. They all worked three jobs to survive.
【答案】13-15 CBA
【解析】本文为故事类记叙文。讲述了三位穷人变为富翁的故事。
11
13. 细节理解题。由第二段中的 “who stepped down (辞职) as CEO in2014 — managed to accumulate over $46.2 billion in net worth.”可知选C。
14. 推理判断题。由“That higher education gained him entry into the banking world. And returning to his homeland, in 1994 he opened the Credit Suisse office in Prague.”可知他所受的教育发挥了最重要的作用。故选B。
15. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，这三个人的共同点是，他们刚开始都是穷人，后来通过自己的努力，变成了富人。故选A。
11
微信/支付宝扫码支付