中考英语专题讲练(共25套含解析)
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中考英语专题讲练定语从句(含解析).doc

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定语从句 定语从句 知识精讲 一、定义 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等,关系代词和关系副词,既起到连接作用,又在定语从句中担任句子成份。总结定语从句的一般结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。‎ 一、关系代词 ‎1. 关系代词指代先行词,在从句中作主语,宾语或表语,基本用法如下表:‎ 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 who 主语/宾语 人 This is the boy who often helps me. 这就是帮我的那个男孩。‎ I happened to meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. ‎ 昨天在购物中心,我碰巧遇到了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。‎ whom 宾语 人 The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.‎ 你等那个人已经回家了。‎ 10‎ that 主语/宾语 人或物 This is the pen that writes well. 这是那支很好写的笔。‎ This is the pen that you want. 这是你想要的钢笔。‎ The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Fujian. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自福建。‎ which 主语/宾语 物 The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.‎ 有个机器的房间是车间。‎ The river which is in front of my house is very clean.‎ 从我家前面流过的河流非常清澈。‎ whose 定语 人或物 The room whose door is blue is mine.‎ 蓝色房门的那个房间是我的房间。‎ 注意:一般情况下,that既可以指人又可以指物,可以代替who, whom和which,在句子中充当主语,宾语或表语;which指物,在从句中也做主语,宾语或表语,所以which和that在指物时,大多时候可以互换,如:‎ This is the movie that I like best.‎ ‎=This is the movie which I like best.‎ 这就是我最喜欢的电影。‎ ‎2. 关系代词的省略 一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语,且介词在关系代词前,不能省略,如:‎ I’ll never forget the day that we spent together.‎ 我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光。(可省略)‎ I’ll never forget the day on which we met each other.‎ 我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天。(不可省)‎ 10‎ 二、关系副词 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 when 状语 时间 I'll never forget the day when I met you for the first time.‎ 我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。‎ where 状语 地点 This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.‎ 这就是我们住了五年的地方。‎ why 状语 原因 I don’t know the reason why he was late. 我不知道他迟到的原因。‎ 注意:与关系代词不同,关系副词在从句中作状语,状语并不是句子必须成分,所以即使没有关系副词,从句的内容也完整。这是关系副词与关系代词最大的不同,也是我们选题的关键。同时,关系副词大多可以拆分成介词+which的形式,如:‎ This is the house where Luxun once lived.‎ ‎=This is the house in which Luxun once lived.‎ 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。‎ 三点剖析 一、重难点:‎ 定语从句考查形式比较单一,单选一般考关系词的选择,按照上表,我们很容易根据先行词判断出关系词选谁最合适。高中会系统讲解定语从句,所以我们在初中阶段还要了解从句中的各个成分,为之后的学习做好准备。‎ 二、易错点:‎ 前文我们提到若先行词为物,关系词可以用that或which,而且大多数可以互换。但以下几种情况,必须用 that引导定语从句:‎ ‎1. 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等,如:‎ All that we have to do is to practice English.‎ 我们要做的事情就是去练习英语。‎ 10‎ ‎2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,如:‎ The first letter that I got from him will be kept.‎ 我收到他的第一封信将会被保存起来。‎ ‎3. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰,如:‎ I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.‎ 我把你给我的所有事物都吃光了。‎ ‎4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,如:‎ He is the only person that I want to talk with.‎ 他是我唯一想与之交谈的人。‎ ‎5. 先行词既有人又有物时,如:‎ They talked about persons and things that they met.‎ 他们谈论了他们见到的人和事。‎ 题模精选 题模一:关系代词 例‎1.1.1‎ ---What shall we do next?‎ ‎---Take the advice _________ is given by Dr. Bloch.‎ A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 例‎1.1.2‎ The Palace Museum is the best place _________ I’ve ever visited.‎ A. who B. when C. that D. where 例‎1.1.3‎ 完成句子 ‎1. 你有什么要对自己说的吗?‎ Do you have _________ _________ you want to say for yourself?‎ ‎2. 这是我父亲曾经住过的房子。‎ This is a house in _________ my father once lived.‎ 题模二:关系副词 10‎ 例‎1.2.1‎ This is the primary school _________ I studied three years ago.‎ A. where B. when C. that D. which 例‎1.2.2‎ Do you remember the days _________ we spent in Sanya?‎ A. when B. that C. what D. where 例‎1.2.3‎ 完成句子 你知道他缺席的原因吗?‎ Do you know the reason _________ he is absent?‎ 随堂练习 随练1.1 The second book _________ I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.‎ A. which B. what C. that D. as 随练1.2 The book_________ is sold out at the moment.‎ A. you need B. what you need C. which you need it D. that you need it 随练1.3 完成句子 ‎1. 人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。‎ People all like those _________ have good manners.‎ ‎2. 这是我障碍寻找的那本书。‎ This is the book _________ I’m looking for.‎ ‎3. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。‎ This is _________ _________ interesting _________ _________ I’ve ever seen.‎ ‎4. 我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。‎ I still remember the day _________ I first came to Beijing.‎ ‎5. 你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗?‎ Can you tell me the office _________ he works?‎ 随练1.4 I'll never forget the days _________ I stayed with you.‎ A. when B. in which 10‎ C. that D. for which 随练1.5 Is this the place _________ Lincoln once lived.‎ A. that B. which C. where D. when 自我总结 课后作业 作业1 ---Do you know the man _________ is talking with your father?‎ ‎---Yes, he’s our headmaster.‎ A. he B. who C. which D. whom 作业2 Is this the river _________ I can swim?‎ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 作业3 This is the best hotel in the city _________ I know.‎ A. where B. which C. that D. it 作业4 Her sister, _________ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.‎ A. whom B. that C. which D. who is 作业5 These books are for students _________ mother language is not English.‎ A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose 作业6 完成句子 ‎1. 有一些想去海南度假的人。‎ There are some people _________ want to have a holiday in Hainan.‎ ‎2. 刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么?‎ What’s that _________ flashed in the sky just now.‎ ‎3. 这是去武汉的最后一趟火车。‎ The train is _________ _________ _________ will go to Wuhan.‎ ‎4. 我永远都不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。‎ 10‎ I’ll never forget the days _________ I spent in Beijing.‎ ‎5. 中国是风筝的故乡,从这里放风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。‎ China‎ is the birthplace of kites, from _________ kite flying spreads to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.‎ 答案解析 定语从句 题模精选 题模一:关系代词 例‎1.1.1‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查定语从句关系代词选择。先行词为advice,排除AD;又从句缺主语而不是定语,故选B。‎ 例‎1.1.2‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查定语从句关系代词选择。首先根据从句缺少宾语,所以要选择关系代词作宾语,又先行词被best修饰,故选C。‎ 例‎1.1.3‎ ‎【答案】 1. something; that ‎2. which ‎【解析】 1. 考查定语从句先行词和关系词。这里对自己说话的内容不确定,所以要用something做先行词,那么关系词一定要用that。‎ ‎2. 考查关系代词选择。先行词为house,应该用which或that;又跟在介词后,只能用which。‎ 题模二:关系副词 10‎ 例‎1.2.1‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查关系副词的选择。从句是完整的句子,选关系副词,排除CD;又先行词为primary school为地点,故选A。‎ 例‎1.2.2‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查关系副词和关系代词区分。虽然先行词为时间,但并不一定选when,我们看到从句中缺少spent的宾语,故选B。‎ 例‎1.2.3‎ ‎【答案】 why ‎【解析】 考查关系副词的选择。从句句子完整,要填关系副词,又先行词为reason,所以填why。‎ 随堂练习 随练1.1‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查关系代词的选择。先行词book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句,故选C。‎ 随练1.2‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查定语从句的运用。定语从句关系词中没有what,首先排除B;CD中的it多余,故选A。‎ 随练1.3‎ ‎【答案】 1. who ‎2. that/which ‎3. the most; movie that ‎4. when ‎5. where 10‎ ‎【解析】 1. 考查关系代词。从句缺少主语,再结合语境,此处those指那些人,所以填who。‎ ‎2. 考查关系代词。从句缺少宾语,需要关系代词;又先行词为book,所以填which和that都可以。‎ ‎3. 考查关系代词。最高级修饰只能用that。‎ ‎4. 考查关系副词。从句成分完整,填关系副词,先行词为day表时间,故填when。‎ ‎5. 考查关系副词。从句中动词为work,为不及物动词,所以不缺宾语,用关系副词;又先行词为office,表地点,故填where。‎ 随练1.4‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查关系副词的选择。本题从句完整,要选关系副词;先行词指时间,故选 A。‎ 随练1.5‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查关系副词的选择。live一词为不及物动词,不能直接跟宾语,所以要选关系副词,排除AB;又本题先行词为地点,故选 C。‎ 作业1‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查关系代词的选择。从句缺主语,选关系代词;又先行词是人,故选B。‎ 作业2‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查关系代词的选择。从句为完整句子,要选关系副词,选项中没有关系副词,B选项表示“在河里”能够表达相同的意思,故选B。‎ 作业3‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查关系代词的选择。从句缺少宾语,选关系代词,排除AD;又先行词被最高级best修饰,故选C。‎ 作业4‎ 10‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查关系代词的选择。本句先行词为人,且在从句中作宾语,用whom,故选A。‎ 作业5‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查关系代词的选择。whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,表示“谁的……”,符合题意,故选D。‎ 作业6‎ ‎【答案】 1. who ‎2. which ‎3. the last one that ‎4. that ‎5. which ‎【解析】 1. 考查关系代词。从句缺主语,选关系代词;又先行词是人,所以用who。‎ ‎2. 考查关系代词。从句缺少主语,先行词为物,用that和which都可以;又先行词为that,避免重复造成歧义,所以填which。‎ ‎3. 考查关系代词。先行词中包含last的物,只能用that。‎ ‎4. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。从句spent明显缺少宾语,所以尽管先行词是时间,当做事物看待,故填that。‎ ‎5. 考查关系代词。介词后只能用which来指代先行词。‎ 10‎

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