现在完成时
现在完成时
知识精讲
一、现在完成时
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。
二、句子结构
主语+ has/have + done (过去分词)
三、基本用法
用法
示例
表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在
造成的影响或结果。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
他已经获得了一份奖学金。
I haven’t seen much of him recently.
我最近已经很久没有看到他。
表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在
也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用。
Peter has written six papers for three years.
三年内彼得已经写了六篇论文。
He has lived here since 2005.
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自从2005年以来，他一直住在这儿。
四、时间状语
1. yet (常用于否定或疑问句中), already (常用于肯定句中)
2. since+过去时间点/过去时的从句（译为：自从…以来）
3. for+时间段
4. just, so far, recently, never, ever, twice…
5. in the past / last few days
五、动词过去分词的规则变化
情况
变形
示例
一般情况
加-ed
work-worked
visit-visited
以不发音字母e结尾
加-d
live-lived
辅音字母加y结尾
把y变i，加-ed
study-studied
cry-cried
重读闭音节结尾
双写尾字母，再加-ed
stop-stopped
drop-dropped
六、动词过去分词的不规则变化：
原形
过去式
过去分词
AAA型
burst
hurt
burst
hurt
burst
hurt
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cut
hit
read
cut
hit
read
cut
hit
read
AAB型
beat
beat
beaten
ABA型
run
come
ran
came
run
come
ABB型
bring
buy
catch
feel
find
keep
make
teach
tell
think
brought
bought
caught
felt
found
kept
made
taught
told
thought
brought
bought
caught
felt
found
kept
made
taught
told
thought
ABC型
begin
break
choose
drive
forget
give
know
swim
began
broke
chose
drove
forgot
gave
knew
swam
begun
broken
chosen
driven
forgotten
given
known
swum
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write
wrote
written
七、相关句式
has
have
主语
第三人称单数
第一/二人称单数/复数
肯定式
He has turned the light off.
They have already read this book.
否定式
He hasn’t turned the light off.
They haven’t read this book yet.
疑问式
Has he turned the light off?
Have they read this book yet?
简略回答
Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它.
否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它.
一般疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它?
答语：Yes,主语+has/have. / No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t
八、瞬间动词和延续性动词之间的转换：
在完成时中，一个瞬间动词不能直接与表示一段时间的状语(for, since等)连用。此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词：
buy (bought)
have / has had 买
borrow (borrowed)
have / has kept 借
die (died)
have / has been dead 死
leave (left)
have / has been away ( from ) 离开
begin (began)
have / has been on 开始
join (joined)
have / has been in 参加
go (went)
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have / has been there / in 去
come/arrive/reach/get to
have / has been here / in 来/达
end (ended)
have/has been over 结束
例：The film began five minutes ago.
---The film has been on for five minutes.
---It has been five minutes since the film began.
用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词
1. “ be＋married” 代替marry
2. “be＋ill” 代替fall (get) ill
3. “be＋dead” 代替die
4. “be＋asleep” 代替fall (get) asleep
5. “be＋awake” 代替wake/wake up
6. “be＋gone” 代替lose, die, sell, leave
7. “be＋open” 代替open
8. “be closed” 代替close/shut
用“be＋副词”代终止性动词
1. “be＋on” 代替start, begin
2. “be＋up” 代替get up
3. “be＋back(to)” 代替return to, come back to, go back to
4. “be here (there)” 代替come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等
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用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.”be in/at +地点” 代替go to /come to
2.”用be in the army” 代替join the army
3.”be in/at +地点” 代替move to
三点剖析
一、考点：现在完成时的基本用法和时间状语；以及动词过去分词的变化规则。
二、易错点： has gone (to); has been (to); has been (in) 三者的区别。
1. has gone to：表示某人已去了某地，（现未回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。
例：---Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？
---He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去了上海。
2. has been to：表示去过某地，（现已回来）（不可与for+一段时间连用）。
例：I have been to New York three times so far.
到目前为止，我已经去过纽约三次了。
3. has been in：表示一直呆在某地，常与时间段搭配。
例：I have been in the army for more than 5 years.
我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
题模精选
题模一：基本用法
例1.1.1 I _________ already _________ in this school for three years.
A． was; studying
B． are; studying
C． will; study
D． have; studied
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例1.1.2 I _________ English since 2010.
A． have learnt
B． have learn
C． learnt
D． learn
例1.1.3 I _________ my pencil yet.
A． have find
B． haven’t found
C． found
D． find
例1.1.4 Mr. Brown isn’t at home. He _________ to his office.
A． has been
B． has gone
C． has go
D． went
题模二：动词过去分词变化规则
例1.2.1 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. She _________ (live) in Hubei for two years.
例1.2.2 You needn’t tell him. I _________ (tell) him already.
例1.2.3 We _________ just _________ (have) our lunch.
例1.2.4 Peter _________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.
例1.2.5 They _________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
题模三：句型转换
例1.3.1 I have been there for two years.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
例1.3.2 My father has lived here since 2000.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
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否定回答：___________________________________
随堂练习
随练1.1 Zhao Lan _________ already _________ in this school for two years.
A． was; studying
B． will; study
C． has; studied
D． are; studying
随练1.2 We _________ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
A． know
B． had known
C． have known
D． knew
随练1.3 His father _________ the Party since 1978.
A． joined
B． has joined
C． was in
D． has been in
随练1.4 ---Our country _________ a lot so far.
---Yes. I hope it will be even _________.
A． has changed; well
B． changed; good
C． has changed; better
D． changed; better
随练1.5 Her grandfather _________ for two years.
A． has been dead
B． has died
C． died
D． has been died
随练1.6 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. She’s _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them _________ (be) in Hong kong for ten days.
3. Half an hour _________ (pass) since the train _________ (leave).
4. Mary lost her pen. _________ you_________ (see) it here and there?
5. _________ you _________ (find) your watch yet?
6. All of my classmates are not in classroom. Maybe they _________ (go) to the library.
随练1.7 Miss Green isn’t in the office. She_______ to the library
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A． went
B． was
C． has gone
D． has been
随练1.8 句型转换
1. I have ever been to India and Russia.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
2. I’ve worked here for ten years.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
3. Mike has already found his watch.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
自我总结
课后作业
作业1 ---Do you know him well?
--- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.
A． were
B． have been
C． have become
D． have made
作业2 Tom and Jack _________ West Hill Farm already.
A． have got
B． have arrived at
C． have been to
D． have reached
作业3 ---Where have you _________, Kate?
---I’ve _________ to the bank.
A． gone; gone
B． been; been
C． gone; been
D． been; gone
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作业4 My parents _________ Shandong for ten years.
A． have been in
B． have been to
C． have gone to
D． have been
作业5 Hurry up! The play _____ for ten minutes.
A． had begun
B． has been on
C． began.
作业6 用动词的适当形式填空。
1. We _________ already _________ (return) the book.
2. My father _________ (read) this book since yesterday.
3. Jack _________ (finish) his homework already.
4. ---Are you thirsty?
---No, I _________ just _________ (have) some orange.
5. My father _________ (read) the novel twice.
6. ---Where is Jim?
--- He _________ (go) to England.
作业7 句型转换
1. Linda has gone to the teacher’s office.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
2. I have already seen the film.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
3. She has watched the film twice.
否定句：___________________________________
疑问句：___________________________________
肯定回答：___________________________________
否定回答：___________________________________
答案解析
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现在完成时
题模精选
题模一：基本用法
例1.1.1
【答案】D
【解析】 考查现在完成时。already和for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“我已经在这个学校学习了三年了。”可知，故选D。
例1.1.2
【答案】A
【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。再由句意“自从2000年我就已经开始学英语了。”可知，故选A。
例1.1.3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查现在完成时。yet是现在完成时的时间状语，常用于否定句或疑问句中。再由句意“我还没有找到我的笔。”故选B。
例1.1.4
【答案】B
【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/have been to 去过某地，现已回；has/have gone to 去了某地，现未回。再由句意“布朗先生不在家，他去办公室来了。”可知，故选B。
题模二：动词过去分词变化规则
例1.2.1
【答案】 has lived
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填has lived。
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例1.2.2
【答案】 have told
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。tell的过去分词形式为told。故填have told。
例1.2.3
【答案】 have; had
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。just是现在完成时的时间状语。have的过去分词形式为had。故填have; had。
例1.2.4
【答案】 has lived
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。live的过去分词形式为lived。故填has lived。
例1.2.5
【答案】 haven’t read
【解析】 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。read的过去分词形式为read。故填haven’t read。
题模三：句型转换
例1.3.1
【答案】 否定句：I haven’t been there for two years.
疑问句：Have you been there for two years?
肯定回答：Yes, I have.
否定回答：No, I haven’t.
【解析】 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
例1.3.2
【答案】 否定句：My father hasn’t lived here since 2000.
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疑问句：Has your father lived here since 2000?
肯定回答：Yes, he has.
否定回答：No, he hasn’t.
【解析】 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】C
【解析】 考查现在完成时。already 和for+时间段是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.2
【答案】C
【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.3
【答案】D
【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。
随练1.4
【答案】C
【解析】 考查现在完成时。so far是现在完成时的时间状语。故选C。
随练1.5
【答案】A
【解析】 考查现在完成时。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。故选A。
随练1.6
【答案】 1. lived
2. have been
3. has passed; left
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4. Have; seen
5. Have; found
6. have gone
【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填lived。
2. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。for+时间段 是现在完成时的时间状语。故填have been。
3. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has passed; left。
4. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知玛丽丢了自己的笔，此事对现在造成影响，以至于问别人有没有看到。故填Have; seen。
5. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。yet是现在完成时的时间状语。故填Have; found。
6. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。由句意可知“同班同学已经去了图书馆”。故填have gone。
随练1.7
【答案】C
【解析】 现在完成时。
随练1.8
【答案】 1. 否定句：I haven’t ever been to India and Russia.
疑问句：Have you ever been to India and Russia?
肯定回答：Yes, I have.
否定回答：No, I haven’t.
2. 否定句：I haven’t worked here for ten years.
疑问句：Have you worked here for ten years?
肯定回答：Yes, I have.
否定回答：No, I haven’t.
3. 否定句：Mike hasn’t found his watch yet.
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疑问句：Has Mike found his watch yet?
肯定回答：Yes, he has.
否定回答：No, he hasn’t.
【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
2. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
3. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
作业1
【答案】B
【解析】 考查现在完成时。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故选B。
作业2
【答案】D
【解析】 考查现在完成时。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故选D。
作业3
【答案】B
【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/have been to 去过某地现已回，再由句意可知，故选A。
作业4
【答案】A
【解析】 考查现在完成时。has/ have been in 待在某地，可以跟一段时间连用。再由句意可知，故选B。
作业5
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【答案】C
【解析】 时态，根据for ten minutes可知表示动词的持续，故选择用持续性动词been on，选项C正确。
作业6
【答案】 1. have; returned
2. has read
3. has finished
4. have; had
5. has read
6. has gone
【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故填have; returned。
2. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。since是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has read。
3. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。already是现在完成时的时间状语。故填has finished。
4. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。 just是现在完成时的时间状语。 故填have; had。
5. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。故填has read。
6. 考查现在完成时动词的过去分词的变化规则。has/ have gone to去了某地还未回，再由句意可知，故填has gone。
作业7
【答案】 1. 否定句：Linda hasn’t gone to the teacher’s office.
疑问句：Has Linda gone to the teacher’s office?
肯定回答：Yes, he has.
否定回答：No, he hasn’t.
2. 否定句：I haven’t seen the film yet.
疑问句：Have you seen the film yet?
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肯定回答：Yes, I have.
否定回答：No, I haven’t.
3. 否定句：She hasn’t watched the film twice.
疑问句：Has she watched the film twice?
肯定回答：Yes, she has.
否定回答：No, she hasn’t.
【解析】 1. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
2. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
3. 考查现在完成时的句型转换。肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它。否定句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它。疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+has/have. 否定回答：No,主语+hasn’t/haven’t.
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