中考英语专题讲练(共25套含解析)
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中考英语专题讲练状语从句(含解析).doc

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状语从句 状语从句 知识精讲 一、状语从句概述 定义 状语从句用作状语,是起副词作用的句子。‎ 位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。‎ 分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。‎ 作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。‎ 二、状语从句的分类 ‎1. 时间状语从句 用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句,具体用法如下表。‎ 从句引导词 用法 例句 when/while/as when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,又可以是瞬时动词。when有时表示“‎ ‎1 1. When she came in, I stopped eating.(瞬时动词)‎ 16‎ ‎(当……时)‎ 就在那时”。‎ 当她进来的时候,我停下吃东西。‎ ‎2 2. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.(延续性动词)‎ 当我住在乡下的时候,我经常带些水给他。‎ while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。while有时还可以表示对比。‎ ‎1 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (同时发生)‎ 当我妻子在读报纸的时候,我在看电视。‎ ‎2 2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.(对比)‎ 我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。‎ as表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。‎ ‎1. We always sing as we walk. (一边……一边)‎ 我们总是边唱边走。‎ ‎2. As we were going out, it began to snow.‎ ‎(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生)‎ 我们刚一出门就开始下雪了。‎ before ‎ ‎(在……之前) ‎ before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“就/才……”‎ ‎1 1. Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡前确定所有的灯都关上。‎ ‎2 2. You can’t watch TV before you finish your homework.‎ 写完作业才能看电视。‎ since (自从)‎ 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎1. It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见。‎ ‎2. Mr. Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.‎ 自从三年前来到中国,Mr. Green就在那所学校教书。‎ 16‎ since可以引导原因状语从句;一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。‎ ‎1 Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.‎ 既然今天你有时间,最好能帮我补补数学。‎ till/until ‎(直到)‎ 主句为肯定式,主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词,且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到 until / till 从句所表示的时间为止。‎ ‎1. He waited until/till I returned.‎ 他会等到我回来。‎ ‎2. He kept learning Math till his mother came back.‎ 直到他妈妈回来,他一直在学数学。‎ 主句为否定式(包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定词的肯定句)一般先译从句“直到……”,后译主句,not译成“才”,即“直到……才……” ‎ ‎1. He didn’t leave until/till he was asleep.‎ 直到他睡着,他才离开。‎ ‎2. She didn’t sleep until/till I returned.‎ 她直到我回来才睡下。‎ ‎2. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的从属连词如下表。‎ 引导词 构成 备注 例句 so…that ‎(如此……以至于)‎ ‎1. so+adj./adv.+that ‎ ‎2. so+adj.(a/an)+n.‎ ‎+that ‎ so与表示数量的代词many,few,much,little等连用 ‎1. It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming.‎ 天如此热以至于我们想去游泳。‎ ‎2. The poor family has so little money that they can’t afford the 16‎ ‎ expensive car.‎ 这个家庭有如此少的钱,以至于买不起这昂贵的车。‎ such…that ‎(如此……‎ 以至于)‎ such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that such与a lot of 组成固定搭配,此时a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配如:such a lot of people ‎ ‎1. He is such a marvelous joker that you can’t help laughing.‎ 他是如此出色的一个段子手,以至你会不禁大笑。‎ ‎2. There are such a lot of people on the beach that we have no place to enjoy our holiday.‎ 海滨有如此多的人,以至我们没地度假。‎ ‎3. 目的状语从句:从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。‎ ‎1). so that 以便……(达到某种目的)如:‎ You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.‎ 你要大点声说,这样大家就都能听到你了。‎ ‎2). in order that 为了……,如:‎ She got up early in order that she could get to school on time.‎ ‎=She got up early in order to get to school on time.‎ 为了能够准时到校,她很早起床。‎ ‎4. 条件状语从句 由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。‎ 引导词 用法 例句 16‎ if ‎(如果)‎ ‎1. 由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。(真实条件句)构成:‎ ‎1) 主句:主语+ 一般将来时 从句:if+主语+ 一般现在时 ‎2) 主句:祈使句 从句:主语+ 一般现在时 ‎3) 主句:主语+情态动词 从句:if+主语+ 一般现在时 ‎1. If you ask him, he will help you.‎ 如果你让他帮忙,他会帮的。‎ ‎2. Study hard, if you want to pass the exam.‎ 如果想通过考试,要努力学习。‎ ‎3. I can go with you if you want.‎ 如果你想,我可以跟你走。‎ ‎2. if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设;(非真实条件句)表示与现在事实相反的情况,构成:‎ 从句:if+主语+过去时(be动词均用were)‎ 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do ‎1. If I were you, I would invite him to the party.‎ 如果我是你,我就会邀请他去派对。‎ ‎2. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.‎ 如果那会我有钱,我就会借给你。‎ unless ‎(除非)‎ 表示强烈的否定;意思上=if not 翻译为:除非,若不,除非在……的时候;‎ ‎1. You will fail unless you work harder.‎ 你如果不努力,就会失败。‎ ‎2. Don’t come unless I call you.‎ 除非我叫你,否则不要来。‎ as long as ‎(只要……就)‎ as long as也表示一种条件,但不是很强烈,是一种假设的条件。‎ I will be ready to help you as long as you need me.‎ 只要你需要,我随时可以帮忙。‎ 16‎ 注意:‎ ‎1). unless 从句里的谓语只能是肯定式,因为unless本身表示否定;unless=if not,如:‎ Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.‎ 如果你不是很累,我们出去散个步吧。‎ ‎2). 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.如:‎ If you will(愿意) wait a minute, I’ll go and tell my mother that you are here.‎ 如果你愿意等一分钟,我将去告诉我妈妈你在这里。‎ ‎3). 下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词,而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意”,如:‎ If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.‎ 如果你愿意读书,我就会借给你。‎ Will you marry me? 你愿意嫁给我吗?‎ ‎5. 让步状语从句 ‎1). 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。‎ ‎2). 引导让步状语从句的连词有:although, though, as, if, even if, even though, while, whether (...) or not, whatever, no matter what/how/why,如:‎ Though they are twin brothers, they don’t look like each other.‎ 尽管他们是双胞胎,但看起来一点都不像。‎ ‎6. 地点状语从句 引导词 用法 示例 where ‎“where引导的地点状语从句,(there+)主句” “哪里……‎ Where there is a will, there is a 16‎ ‎(在……地方)‎ 哪里就……”。主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there.‎ ‎ way.‎ 有志者事竟成。‎ You should have put the book where you found it.‎ 你应该把书放回原处。‎ wherever ‎(无论在哪)‎ anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词,但是常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相当于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。‎ Wherever the sea is, you will find seaman.‎ 无论海在何处,你都能找到海员。‎ I’ll go anywhere you go.‎ 我会跟你去任何地方。‎ ‎7. 原因状语从句 引导词 用法 示例 as ‎(既然)‎ 引导原因状语从句时表示附带。说明“双方已知的原因”,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。‎ As the weather is cold, I stay at home.‎ 既然天很冷,我还是待在家里吧。‎ As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.‎ 既然碗面下着雨,你最好打个车。‎ since ‎(因为)‎ 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。‎ Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.‎ 既然人都到齐了,我们就开始开会吧。‎ because ‎(因为)‎ The woman prefers winter because she can skate.‎ 16‎ 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,表述直接原因,语气较强,最适合why引导的疑问句。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与because of短语互换。‎ 这个女人更喜欢冬天,因为那时她可以滑冰。‎ for ‎(因为)‎ 引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后,并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。‎ He must be ill, for he is absent today.‎ 他一定是生病了,因为今天他没来。‎ 三点剖析 一、重难点:‎ 状语从句在三大从句中较为简单,不涉及语序变换,先行词判断等复杂过程,我们只需要根据实际语境进行判断句子中缺什么东西,对应性地选出相应的关系词。然而有些关系词的意思比较多变,区分这些词在不同语境中的意思是这一部分的唯一难点。‎ 二、易错点:‎ ‎1. 状语从句的区分和转换 so…that…与…enough to…的转换 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可用“enough to do sth.”来转换 The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.‎ ‎→ The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box.‎ 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换,但注意不定式的宾语要省略。‎ The question is so easy that I can work it out.‎ ‎→ The question is easy enough for me to work out.‎ so...that...与 too...to...‎ 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是否定句时,可以用“too...to...”来替换。‎ The girl is so young that she can't dress herself. ‎ ‎→ The girl is too young to dress herself. ‎ 16‎ 的转换 当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定时,如果要用“too...to...替换“so...that...”,则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。‎ The bag is so heavy that she can't move it. ‎ ‎→ The bag is too heavy for her to move. ‎ It is so hot that we can't sleep. ‎ ‎→ It is too hot for us to sleep. ‎ so...that...与 such…that 的转换 so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。‎ It’s such an interesting film that we all want to see it. ‎ ‎→ It’s so interesting a film that we all want to see it. ‎ 从用法上看,so后应接形容词或副词,而such后接名词(参见以上例句)。但有时“so+形容词”后还可接一个名词,且这个名词总是带不定冠词的单数可数名词(不能是复数名词或不可数名词)。试比较:‎ 正:He is so clever a child that we all like him.‎ 这小孩很聪明,我们都喜欢他。‎ 正:They are such clever children that we all like them. ‎ 误:They are so clever children that we all like them. ‎ ‎2. if在宾语从句和状语从句中不同的含义。‎ 在宾语从句中我们说过if在宾语和状语从句中意义不同,宾语从句中意为“是否”,而条件状语从句中作“如果”理解,如:‎ I don’t know if they will come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他们会不会来。‎ If we I get any information about him, I will tell you.‎ 如果我得到他的任何信息,我都会告诉你。‎ 题模精选 16‎ 题模一:时间,结果,目的状语从句 例‎1.1.1‎ John fell asleep _________ he was listening to the music.‎ A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as 例‎1.1.2‎ Can you play game with us when your homework _________?‎ A. is finished B. will finish C. finish D. will be finished 例‎1.1.3‎ Lin Shuhao is _________ famous _________ all the basketball fans in China know him.‎ A. too; to B. enough to C. so; that D. as; as 例‎1.1.4‎ Mr. Green speaks very loudly _________ all the students can hear him clearly.‎ A. when B. so that C. because D. in order to 题模二:条件,原因,让步状语从句 例‎1.2.1‎ You will fall behind others _________ you work hard.‎ A. if B. unless C. though D. since 例‎1.2.2‎ We should give the boy another chance _________ he has made some mistakes.‎ A. though B. when C. unless D. because 例‎1.2.3‎ 根据中文提示完成句子,每空一词。‎ 李明昨天没来上学,因为他病了。‎ Li Ming didn’t come to school _________ _________ _________ _________.‎ 随堂练习 16‎ 随练1.1 Tom was sleeping _________ his brother was reading a magazine.‎ A. until B. while C. before D. after 随练1.2 _________ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.‎ A. Though B. Since C. For D. So 随练1.3 I was late for class yesterday _________ there was something wrong with my bike.‎ A. when B. that C. until D. because 随练1.4 We will stay at home if my aunt _________ to visit us tomorrow.‎ A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 随练1.5 根据中文提示完成句子 ‎1. 无论他跟我开什么玩笑,我都不生气。‎ I am not angry with him, _________ _________ _________ jokes he _________ on me.‎ ‎2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切,以至于学生把她当做母亲。‎ Mrs. Bruce was _________ kind to her students _________ they _________ her _________ their mother.‎ ‎3. 只要我们竭尽全力,父母就会满意我们的表现。‎ Our parents will be pleased with our performance _________ _________ _________ we try our best.‎ ‎4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗?‎ Will you please call me _________ _________ _________ you get to Shanghai?‎ ‎5. 这个七岁的女孩如此酷爱钢琴,以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。‎ The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _________ _________ _________ she has kept practicing for two years.‎ 随练1.6 ---Do you know if he _________ to play basketball with us?‎ ‎---I think he will come if he _________ free tomorrow.‎ A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 自我总结 16‎ 课后作业 作业1 You should finish your lessons _________ you go out to play.‎ A. before B. after C. when D. while 作业2 I hurried _________ I wouldn’t be late for class.‎ A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 作业3 When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _________ you have any questions.‎ A. which B. that C. where D. though 作业4 根据中文提示完成句子 ‎1. 他长大后想当一名记者。‎ He wants to be a journalist _________ _________ _________ _________.‎ ‎2. 既然他的腿受伤了,他今天就不能来上学了 ‎_________ _________ _________ his leg, he can’t get to school today.‎ ‎3. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献,世界将会变得更美好。‎ ‎_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.‎ ‎4. 虽然她很忙,他还坚持自学英语。‎ ‎_________ _________ _________ _________, she kept on learning English by herself.‎ ‎5. 无论你逃到天涯海角,我都会找到你!‎ ‎_________ _________ _________ you go, I will find you at last!‎ 作业5 _________ well you can drive, you must drive carefully.‎ A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment 答案解析 状语从句 16‎ 题模精选 题模一:时间,结果,目的状语从句 例‎1.1.1‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查时间状语从句。从句过去进行时表正在进行,一般用while引导,故选C。‎ 例‎1.1.2‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查状语从句时态和被动语态。首先从句主语为homework,所以应该用被动语态,排除BC;又根据语境,为对将来的一种询问,而从句可用一般现在时表将来,故选A。‎ 例‎1.1.3‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查结果状语从句。根据句意:林书豪如此有名,以至于所有中国篮球粉丝都知道他。如此以至于,后又为形容词,所以用so…that…句型,故选C。‎ 例‎1.1.4‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查目的状语从句。根据句意:格林先生说话声音很大,以便所有学生都能清楚地听到他。so that表示大声说话的目的,符合题意,故选B。‎ 题模二:条件,原因,让步状语从句 例‎1.2.1‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查条件状语从句。根据句意:如果你不努力,就会落后。unless=if not如果不,符合题意,故选B。‎ 例‎1.2.2‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查让步状语从句。根据句意:尽管他犯了些错误,我们应该再给这个男孩一次机会。表尽管,故选A。‎ 例‎1.2.3‎ ‎【答案】 because he was ill 16‎ ‎【解析】 考查原因状语从句。生病是李明没来上学的原因,所以用because引导的原因状语从句。‎ 随堂练习 随练1.1‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查时间状语从句。根据句意:当他哥哥读杂志的时候,汤姆在睡觉。表示两个动作同时进行,而且有一种对比的意味,故选B。‎ 随练1.2‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查让步状语从句。根据句意:尽管他很老,他仍能搬动这个很重的箱子。前后两句有种让步转折的关系,故选A。‎ 随练1.3‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】 考查原因状语从句。根据句意:昨天我迟到了,因为我的自行车坏了。自行车坏了是迟到的原因,故选D。‎ 随练1.4‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查条件状语从句时态。if引导的条件状语从句在表述将来的事情时,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,故选A。‎ 随练1.5‎ ‎【答案】 1. no matter what; plays ‎2. so; that; regarded; as ‎3. as long as ‎4. as soon as ‎5. so much that ‎【解析】 1. 考查让步状语从句。no matter what无论什么;play jokes开玩笑。‎ ‎2. 考查结果状语从句。so…that如此以至于;regard sb. as把某人当做……。‎ 16‎ ‎3. 考查条件状语从句。as long as只要……就。‎ ‎4. 考查时间状语从句。as soon as一……就,同时注意“主将从现”。‎ ‎5. 考查结果状语从句。so…that如此……以至于。‎ 随练1.6‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查宾语从句和条件状语从句的时态。本题两个if引导的从句,但第一句为宾语从句,意思为“是否”;第二句是条件状语从句,意思为“如果”。宾语从句主句一般现在时,从句时态根据实际情况而定,根据回答可知打篮球的事情还未发生,故用将来时,排除AB;又第二句为if引导的时间状语从句,对未来描述遵循“主将从现”,故选C。‎ 作业1‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查时间状语从句。根据语境,出去玩之前应该完成功课,故选A。‎ 作业2‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】 考查目的状语从句。根据句意:我健步如飞,以保证自己不迟到。不迟到是自己很快地走的目的;A.自从;B.以至;C.好像;D除非,故选B。‎ 作业3‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查地点状语从句。根据句意:当你读书的时候,你最好在有问题的地方作标记。后面缺在哪,即地点状语,故选C。‎ 作业4‎ ‎【答案】 1. when he grows up ‎2. Since he broke ‎3. If everyone makes a contribution to ‎4. Though she was busy ‎5. No matter where 16‎ ‎【解析】 1. 考查时间状语从句。当……时候用when引导的时间状语从句,注意时态的同意和三单动词变化。‎ ‎2. 考查原因状语从句。腿受伤是不能来上学显而易见的原因,所以用since;腿肯定是以前伤的,用过去时。‎ ‎3. 考查条件状语从句。“如果”明显用if引导的条件句,注意“主将从现”的时态,以及make a contribution的固定表达。‎ ‎4. 考查让步状语从句。根据语境,应该用though引导的让步状语从句,再根据主句判断时态为过去时。‎ ‎5. 考查地点状语从句。无论哪里,地点状语从句,用no matter where或wherever引导。‎ 作业5‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 考查让步状语从句。根据句意:无论你开车开得多好,你都必须要非常小心。A.只要……就;B.为了……;C.无论多么……;D.当那一刻,故选C。‎ 16‎

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