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词汇（30）
李仕才
复习：1、核心单词2、重点短语3、写作句式4、我读我练（词汇应用、句式仿写）
【单句单词语法填空】
1． Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students _______(talk) over what is bothering them.
答案：to talk talk over“讨论”。分析句子结构可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。
2．(2015·重庆，11改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ______(use) the sun and the stars.
答案：using using the sun and the stars在句中作状语，与逻辑主语birds构成主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：像古代水手那样，鸟可以利用太阳和恒星来找到路。
3．(2015·福建，28改编)________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
答案：To learn 由语境可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，杰克决定把中国民间音乐作为选修课。
4．(2015·福建，33改编)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.
答案：combining 由语境可知，infosphere与combine之间为主谓关系，故要用doing作状语。句意：近几年，一个英语单词infosphere出现了，它把“信息”与“气氛”的含义结合在一起。
5．(2015·江苏，24改编)Much time________(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
答案：spent 本句为独立主格结构。逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格作原因状语。time与spend是被动关系，故填spent。句意：因为花费很多时间坐在桌子旁，办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰。
核心单词
1.victim n. 受害人；牺牲者，牺牲品
2.view n. 看法，见解；风景，景色
3.viewpoint n. 观点
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4.violate v. 违反(法律、协议等)，侵犯
5.violence n. 暴力，暴力行为
6.virtue n. 美德，优点
7.visitor n. 访问者，参观者
8.vital adj. 生死攸关的，重大的，生命的，至关重要的
9.vocabulary n. 词汇， 词汇表
10.volunteer n. 义工，自愿者
v. 无偿做……；志愿做……
11.voyage n. 航行，旅行
12.wander vi. 漫游，游荡，漫步，流浪
13.warm－hearted adj. 热心的
14.weakness n. 软弱
15.wealthy adj. 富裕的
16.welfare n. 幸福，福利
17.well－known adj. 出名，众所周知的
18.widespread adj. 分布广的，普遍的
19.withdraw vt. 收回；撤回；撤离
20.witness vt. 目击，目睹
n. 见证人，目击者
21.wonder v. 对……疑惑/感到惊奇，想知道
n. 惊讶，惊叹；奇迹
22.workforce n. 劳动力
23.world－famous adj. 世界闻名的
24.worldwide adj. 遍及全球的，世界范围的
25.worthy adj. 值得的
重点短语
1.turn up 出现；开大(音量)
turn on 打开(开电灯等)
turn off 关上(关电灯等)
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turn down 开小(音量)；拒绝
turn over 翻转
turn in 交出；上交
turn to 求助于；翻到；转向
turn into 变成
2.use up 用完，花光
wake up 醒来
take up 拿起，占用；开始从事
pick up 捡起；偶然学会；收听；(用车)接人
go up 上涨
mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀
build up 建立；增强
stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
【阅读理解】
Nowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse, such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining tighter, playing cards and Mahjong, plus the Chinese-style “street-crossing group.” Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the “circle of friends” of WeChat.
However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua University, signed with emotion: “My loneliness increases as scene becomes much busier.” One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.
These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to one’s true self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.” The “spare time” he referred to could be taken as “spending time by yourself.”
Lonely life could be either dull, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on one’s quality, ambition and inspiration.
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Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand unceasing inputs. However, information, to processed and integrated(融入)into knowledge, thoughts and feelings, instead of bustle(忙碌)seems to be the right condition. Successful careers in all walks of life worldwide have proved that “the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness”. In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that “Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves profundity”.
Man, in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness.
1.Which of the following can replace the underlined the word “boisterously” in paragraph 1?
A. surprisingly B. sadly
C. busily D. peacefully
2.What can we infer from the second paragraph?
A. Being alone marks people depressed.
B. Social intercourse improves our happiness.
C. One may feel lonely even when surrounded by people
D. We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness.
3.What can we know from Einstein’s words?
A. You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself.
B. You should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy.
C. You will not become successful if you join in more social intercourse.
D. You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.
4.Which may be the best title for this passage?
A. Live On Your Own
B. Happiness and Loneliness
C. The secret of success
D. Practice Your Social Ability
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文，讲述了幸福和孤独之间的关系。作者认为幸福是肤浅的，孤独是深刻的。人比快乐更需要孤独，只有丰富的孤独才能产生幸福。
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2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据后面的“One popular song today is also called “A lonely man in crowds.” Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character.”可知，即便是周围有人，之间忙碌于各种场合并不能总能缓解孤独感。故选C。
3.D 【解析】推理判断题。爱伊斯坦的话说“不是你的工作时间，而是你的业余时间决定了你是否会成功”，所以可知，只有把业余时间或者说独自度过时光过得更加充实和有意义才会成功。故选D。
4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，讲述了幸福和孤独之间的关系。故选B。
写作句式
常用介词短语结构
1.With the development of science and technology, communication has become more and more convenient.
随着科技的发展，交流变得越来越方便。
2.By doing so I have accumulated large quantities of English materials.
通过这样做我积累了大量的英语资料。
3.Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.
由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了伟大成就。
4.Qianmen, with a history of 600 years old, is 800 meters in length, along which there are more than 300 shops.
前门大街有600年历史，800米长，沿街有300家店铺。
我读我练
Ⅰ.词汇应用
1.I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3.I’m writing to apply for the position
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as a student volunteer(志愿者).
2.Our city witnesses(见证) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
3.It is wrong to see violence (violent) as the only way to solve problems.
4.I was once ashamed to admit my weakness(weak), but now I have no such feeling.
5.He turned__down(拒绝) my suggestion and turned over the business to his daughter.
6.Practising Chinese kung fu can not only __build__up__one’s__strength(增强体质), but also develop one’s character.
Ⅱ.句式仿写
1.在我看来， 在我们真实的生活中我们应该重视我们的朋友，而不是手机。
(2014·重庆高考写作)In__my__opinion,__we should value our friends instead of phones in our real life.
2.在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。
With__the__number__of__cars__increasing__fast__in__our__city,__our environment is getting increasingly worse.
3.通过学英语我们能够开阔我们的视野，增加我们各领域的知识。
By__learning__English we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.
4.大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流，结果，水资源被严重污染。
Rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river; as__a__consequence,__water sources have been badly polluted.
【练习】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2018·长春市质量检测一)
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Dear Bill，
How time flies！I went back to school and begin my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination，that makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because of I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself the second chance to pass them.I will ask my teachers and friends for advices on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make fully use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me or I will be grateful to you.
I'm looking forward to hear from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Bill，
How time flies！I went back to school and my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination， makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself second chance to pass .I will ask my teachers and friends for on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me I will be grateful to you.
I'm looking forward to from you.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一处：begin改为began。考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语last month可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时。
第二处：that改为which。考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为整个句子，所以关系词应该用which。
第三处：fail后加to。考查固定搭配。fail to do sth.是固定用法，表示“未能做成某事”。
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第四处：删除because后的of。考查介词。because of后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，文中其后跟的是从句，应用because来引导，故删除of。
第五处：the改为a。考查冠词。该处表示“再给自己一次机会”，a second chance表示“再一次机会”。
第六处：them改为it。考查代词。该处表示“通过英语考试”，应用it代指英语考试。
第七处：advices改为advice。考查名词。advice是不可数名词，故把advices改为advice。
第八处：fully改为full。考查形容词。该句中的名词use应用形容词修饰，所以把fully改为full。make full use of“充分利用”。
第九处：or改为and。考查并列连词。此处表示“告诉我(你的建议)，我将不胜感激”。“祈使句＋and＋句子”，and表示顺承关系；“祈使句＋or＋句子”，or表示“否则”。
第十处：hear改为hearing。考查动名词。look forward to短语中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
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