山东省菏泽市2019年中考英语动词及动词短语考点剖析.doc

第 12 页 共 12 页 ‎2019年山东菏泽市中考英语：动词及动词短语 考点一 常见易混动词辨析 ‎1．spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费”‎ spend 主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。spend... on...; spend... (in) doing sth.‎ pay 主语是人，指花费金钱。pay... for...＝spend... on cost 主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。sth. cost(s) (sb.)．..‎ take 多用it作形式主语，指花费时间。It takes sb. ... to do sth.＝Sb. spend(s)．.. (in) doing sth.‎ Mom never spends any money on herself.妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。‎ May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I’ll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？我下周还你。‎ It won’t cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。‎ It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。‎ ‎2．look/watch/see/read 表示“看”‎ look 看(动作)；可单独成句；look at...‎ watch 看(电视、比赛)；注视 see 看见(结果)；看望；理解(I see.)‎ read 看(书、报)；读；读懂别人的内心 ‎★look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系动词，后接形容词。‎ ‎★看病(看医生)用see a doctor表示。‎ ‎3．speak/say/talk/tell表示“说”‎ speak 发言；说(某种语言)‎ say 说(内容)；写有 talk 谈论；talk about sth.; talk to/with sb.‎ tell 告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth.‎ ‎4.感官动词look/taste/sound/feel/smell look 看起来(视觉)‎ taste 尝起来(味觉)‎ 第 12 页 共 12 页 sound 听起来(听觉)‎ feel 摸起来(触觉)‎ smell 闻起来(嗅觉)‎ ‎5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”‎ borrow 借用；borrow sth. from sb.‎ lend 借给；lend sth. to sb.‎ keep 借用若干时间；keep... for 2 days ‎6．hope/wish/expect hope 希望；hope to to sth.; hope＋that 从句 wish 但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wish＋that 从句 expect 期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.‎ ‎7.forget/leave forget 表示“忘记”时，forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用 leave 在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用 ‎8.hear/listen/sound hear 听见；hear＋名词(强调听的结果)‎ listen 听；listen to＋名词(强调听的过程)‎ sound 听起来； sound＋形容词(强调听的效果)‎ ‎9.wear/put on/dress/be in wear ‎“穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等 put on ‎“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“take off”‎ dress ‎“穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；给自己穿衣服”‎ be in 表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词 ‎10.reach/get/arrive reach ‎“到达”，是及物动词(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)‎ get ‎“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 to arrive ‎“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)‎ 第 12 页 共 12 页 ‎1．(2018·山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)—I meeting Jack today because I am still angry with him.‎ ‎—Come on, Mary. You are good friends.‎ A．avoid B．expect C．enjoy ‎2．(2018·广东普宁模拟改编)I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s to be quite a good one.‎ A．said B．told C．spoken ‎3．(2018·广西贵港港南二模改编)—How much money did he you yesterday?‎ ‎—500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.‎ A．give B．borrow C．lend ‎4.(2018·甘肃定西中考改编)—I can’t find my English textbook.‎ ‎—Is it possible that you it at home?‎ A．lost B．forgot C．left ‎5．(2018·四川泸州中考改编)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.‎ A．costs B．spends C．takes 考点二 动词短语辨析 常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。‎ ‎1．同一动词的不同搭配 ‎(1)look短语 look after照料；照顾　look at看 look for寻找；寻求　look forward to盼望；期待 look out注意；当心；向外看 look through快速查看；浏览 look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看 look up to钦佩；仰慕 ‎(2)cut短语 cut down砍倒　cut off切除 第 12 页 共 12 页 cut out删除；删去　cut up切碎 ‎(3)run短语 run after追逐；追赶　run away跑开 run out (of)用尽；耗尽 ‎(4)turn短语 turn down调低　turn up调高 turn... into变成 turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 turn off关掉　turn left/right向左/右转 ‎(5)take短语 take after(外貌或行为)像　take care of照顾；处理 take down拆除；往下拽；记录 take in吸入；吞入(体内)‎ take off脱下；起飞 take place发生；出现 take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做 ‎(6)get短语 get dressed穿上衣服　get into陷入；参与 get lost迷路　get off下车　get on 上车 get on with与……相处 get up起床；站起 ‎(7)use短语 be/get used to习惯于 be used to do被用来做……‎ used to曾经……；过去……‎ ‎(8)give短语 give away赠送；捐赠 give out分发；散发 give up放弃　give in屈服 give off 发出(光、气味等)；长出(枝、杈等)‎ 第 12 页 共 12 页 ‎(9)call短语 call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话 call in召来；叫来 call up打电话给(某人)；征召 ‎(10)come短语 come true实现；成为现实 come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)‎ ‎(11)bring短语 bring back恢复；使想起；归还 bring up养育；抚养 bring out使显现；使表现出 ‎(12)fall短语 fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着 fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌 fall in love爱上；喜欢上　fall over绊倒 ‎(13)go短语 go along (the street) 沿着(这条街)走 go off (闹钟)发出响声　go out外出(娱乐)‎ ‎(14)make短语 make sure确保；查明 make up编造(故事、谎言等)‎ make a decision 做决定 make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 ‎(15)put短语 put on增加(体重)；发胖　put off推迟 put up搭起；举起；张贴　put away收拾(整理)好 put sth. to good use好好利用某物　put out熄灭 ‎(16)set短语 set out出发；启程 第 12 页 共 12 页 set up建起；建立 ‎2．同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配 ‎(1)up短语 cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来 clean up打扫(或清除)干净 dress up装扮；乔装打扮 end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up修理；装饰 grow up长大；成熟 hurry up赶快；急忙 pick up捡起；接电话 show up赶到；露面 stay up熬夜 wake up醒；叫醒 ‎(2)out短语 blow out吹灭 check out察看；观察　clear out清理；丢掉 find out查明；弄清 hand out分发 hang out闲逛；常去某处　lay out摆开；布置 leave out不包括；不提及；忽略 sell out卖光 set out出发；启程 work out成功地发展；解决 ‎(3)down短语 die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 look down瞧不起 let... down使失望　lie down躺下 pull... down拆下；摧毁 write down写下；记录下 第 12 页 共 12 页 ‎(4)with短语 agree with同意；赞成 compare... with比较；对比 connect... with...把……和……连接或联系起来 deal with应付；处理　　share with分享 part with放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)‎ ‎3．完全不同的动词词组 ask for请求；恳求(给予)‎ care for照顾；非常喜欢 believe in信任；信赖　care about关心；在意 clean... off把……擦掉 depend on依靠；信赖 divide... into把……分开 separate from分开；分离 hear from接到(某人的)信、电话等 throw away扔掉；抛弃 drop by顺便访问；随便进入 stick to坚持；固守　pay attention to注意；关注 pass by路过；经过　pay for付费；付出代价 prepare for...为……做准备 pull together齐心协力；通力合作 shut off关闭；停止运转 take sb.’s place代替、替换某人的位置 think of认为 ‎1．(2018·山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)—It’s time for the weather report. Could I ‎ the TV, Dad?‎ ‎—Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow.‎ A．turn on B．turn off C．turn down ‎2．(2018·山东临沂费县一模改编)In a basketball game, it’s very important for the ‎ 第 12 页 共 12 页 players to play together and the best in each other.‎ A．hand out B．bring out C．take out ‎3．(2018·黑龙江哈尔滨道外模拟)—One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination(拖延症). What should I do?‎ ‎— what you need to do first, and go for it today.‎ A．Watch out B．Work out C．Wear out ‎4．(2018·湖北丹江口3月诊断改编)—Be careful not to the letter “b” when you spell the word “climb”．‎ ‎—Thank you for reminding me of that.‎ A．lay out B．leave out C．bring out ‎5．(2018·江苏常州常熟一模改编)—Excuse me, sir. But smoking is not allowed here.‎ ‎—Sorry, I didn’t see the sign. I’ll my cigarette(香烟) at once.‎ A．put out B．put away C．put up ‎6．(2018·安徽中考改编)Some animals can the color around to protect themselves.‎ A．take on B．see off C．put away ‎7．(2018·湖北襄阳中考改编)—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?‎ ‎—I’m afraid not. You can’t today’s work till tomorrow.‎ A．put off B．turn down C．give away ‎8．(2018·湖北宜昌中考改编)—We’re not supposed to those who failed.‎ ‎—No one can be a winner all the time.‎ A．turn out B．laugh at C．spread out 考点三 情态动词 原形与 过去式 用法 例句 can/‎ could 表示能力 ‎(＝be able to)‎ Tom can swim.‎ ‎＝Tom is able to swim.‎ ‎(疑问句中)表示请求 Can I help you?‎ Could you give us a hand？‎ 第 12 页 共 12 页 ‎(否定、疑问句中)‎ 表示可能性 Can the news be true?‎ The boy can’t be Jim.‎ may/‎ might 表示可能性(可与maybe互 换)‎ Tony may know the way.＝Maybe Tony knows the way.‎ 表示客气请求 May I come in？‎ 表示祝愿 May you be happy.‎ must 表示义务、命令或要求 We must tell the truth to our parents.‎ 表示肯定的猜测 ‎(否定猜测用can’t)‎ Lisa must be at home.‎ ‎(推测现在状况)‎ You must be kidding.‎ ‎(推测现在正在发生)‎ They must have seen the movie.(推测过去状况)‎ shall/‎ should Shall...？用于第一人称表示提建议或请求 Shall we ask the teacher for help？‎ should用于各种人称，强调义务或责任 He shouldn’t be so selfish.‎ will/‎ would 用于第二人称，疑问句中表示征求意见或提建议 Will/Would you please take out the rubbish？‎ will用于各种人称表示意愿 Your parents will try their best to help you.‎ ‎1.情态动词过去式与原形相比，表示更委婉的语气。‎ ‎2．mustn’t表示否定意义，意为“禁止，不允许”。‎ ‎3．have to有人称、数和时态的变化，表示受客观条件限制，意为“不得不”。‎ She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公共汽车去上班。‎ ‎4．“May...？”句式的否定回答是“No, ...can’t.”。‎ ‎“Must...？”句式的否定回答是“No, ...needn’t./...don’t have to.”。‎ ‎1．(2018·山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ‎ worry about cooking when we get home tired.‎ A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t ‎2．(2018·内蒙古通辽中考改编)Where are you going for your summer holidays? I 第 12 页 共 12 页 ‎ go to Dalian. I haven’t decided.‎ A．may B．need C．must ‎3．(2018·江苏盐城中考改编)Look, little Jim is swimming so fast. I believe my eyes.‎ A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t ‎4．(2018·江苏泰州中考改编)To keep children away from danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.‎ A．should B．might C．could ‎5．(2018·安徽中考改编)—May I watch TV, Dad?‎ ‎—When your homework is finished, you ．‎ A．should B．can C．must ‎6．(2018·福建中考)—Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicyclesharing right now?‎ ‎—No, you ．‎ A．needn’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t ‎7．(2018·广东中考改编)—Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.‎ ‎—If farmers start planting rice in salty water, China’s food supply will surely rise.‎ A．can B．may C．must 考点四 系动词/助动词 ‎1．系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。‎ 分类 常见例词 表示状态的系动词 be 表示持续性的系动词 keep, remain, stay, stand 表示感官的系动词 taste, smell, feel, look, sound ‎ 表示变化的系动词 become, turn, go, grow, get ‎2．助动词be 第 12 页 共 12 页 ‎3．助动词do 有人称和时态的变化，主要用来构成谓语是实义动词的句子的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。‎ Do you know China well？你很了解中国吗？‎ Did your father call you yesterday？你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗？‎ ‎4．助动词have 第 12 页 共 12 页 与过去分词构成各种时态。‎ You haven’t been abroad before, have you？你以前没出过国，是不是？‎ ‎(2019·原创)—Do you really want to buy this pants?‎ ‎—Yes. I ．‎ A．do B．did C．want 参考答案 考点一　1～5 AACCC ‎ 考点二　1～5 ABBBA　6～8 AAB 考点三　1～5 CABAB　6～7 AA 考点四　A ‎ ‎