安徽专版
新课标（
RJ
）
语法专题（十） 非谓语动词
PART TWO
第二篇
语法突破篇
【中考考点】
（
1
）动词不定式的用法。（
2
）动名词的用法。
（
3
）现在分词和过去分词的用法。
考点一 动词不定式
构成
: to+
动词原形
,
有时可省略
to,to
为不定式符号。其否定形式
:not
（
+to
）
+
动词原形。
1.
作主语
[
常用
it
作形式主语
,
而将真正的主语（动词不定式）置于句末
]
常用句型结构为“
It’s+
adj.
（
+for/of sb.
）
+to do sth.
”。
To ask the teacher for help is necessary.
=It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.
向老师寻求帮助是必要的。
2.
作宾语
（
1
）后接不定式作宾语的动词或短语有
want, try, decide, hope, need, wish, agree, expect, refuse, learn, remember, forget, would like/love
等。
I hope
there before dark.
我希望天黑以前到那儿。
（
2
）在
think, find, make
等动词后通常用
it
作形式宾语
,
而将真正的宾语（不定式）后置
,
构成“主语
+
谓语
+it
（形式宾语）
+
宾补（形容词
/
名词）
+
不定式
.
”结构。
I found it difficult to solve the problem.
我发现解决这个问题很难。
to get
3.
作宾语补足语
（
1
）后接带
to
的不定式作宾补的动词或短语有
tell, ask, allow, want, wish, teach, warn, invite, would like, encourage
等。
The teacher told us
Exercise 1.
老师告诉我们做练习一。
（
2
）一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾语补足语。这时不定式要省略
to
。这些动词有
:
一感（
feel
）、二听（
hear, listen to
）、三让（
let, make, have
）、四看（
look at, see, watch, notice
）。但这些动词变被动语态时
,
作补语的不定式必须补出
to
。
We often hear her sing.
我们经常听见她唱歌。
被动语态
: She is often heard to sing.
to do
4.
作状语
常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。
Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake.
李先生将去杭州参观西湖。（作目的状语）
5.
作定语
动词不定式作定语时
,
放在被修饰的名词的后面
,
作后置定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词
,
且与所修饰的词之间是动宾关系
,
则不定式后面要加上适当的介词。
I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。
I had to find a place to live in.
我不得不找一个住的地方。
6.
作表语
Their duty is
the animals.
他们的职责是照看动物。
7.
“特殊疑问词
+
不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和
what, which, when, where, how
等特殊疑问词连用
,
构成不定式短语
,
在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
He doesn’t know
.
他不知道要穿什么。（作宾语）
to look after/take care of
what to wear
考点二 动名词
动名词由“动词原形
+-ing
”构成
,
但有不规则形式。动名词既有动词的性质
,
也有名词的性质。
1.
作主语
动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语
,
在很多情况下可以通用。
Playing/To play computer games too much is bad for your eyes.
玩电脑游戏太多对你的眼睛有害。
2.
作宾语
后常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有
enjoy, finish, consider
（考虑）
, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, can’t stop, keep/stop
…
from
…
, look forward to, have difficulty/problems/trouble
（
in
）
, have fun
等。
【巧学妙记】
后接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）记忆口诀
:
完成实践值得忙（
finish, practice, be worth, be busy
）
继续习惯别放弃（
keep on, be used to, give up
）
考虑建议不禁想（
consider, suggest, can’t help,
feel like
）
Have you finished
the book?
你读完这本书了吗
?
reading
3.
作表语
The nurse’s job is
the patients.
护士的工作是照顾病人。
4.
作定语
I often go to the
.
我经常去阅览室。
looking after/taking care of
reading room
考点三 分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词（
v
.-ing
）有主动、进行之意
;
过去分词（
v
.-ed
）有被动、完成之意。
1.
作定语
China is a
country. America is a
country.
中国是一个发展中国家
,
美国是一个发达国家。
I know the boy called Li Ming.
我认识那个叫李明的男孩。
2.
作表语
The book is interesting. I’m interested in it.
这本书很有趣
,
我对它感兴趣。
developing
developed
3.
作宾语补足语
I saw her going upstairs.
我看见她正在上楼。
I want to have some photos taken.
我想拍一些照片。
4.
作状语
Laughing and talking, they went into the room.
他们有说有笑地进了房间。
5.
现在分词与过去分词的区别
（
1
）在语态上
,
现在分词表示主动
,
过去分词表示被动。
the flying kite
飞着的风筝
the moved people
被感动的人们
（
2
）在时间上
,
现在分词表示正在进行的动作
,
过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the rising sun
正在升起的太阳
the risen sun
升高的太阳
对接中考专练
1.[2018
·阜阳一模
] I haven’t decided when
a holiday yet.
A.took B.taking
C.to take D.take
2.[2018
·芜湖模拟
]
—
Zhang Lan, have you
finished
the book
Harry
Potter
?
—
Yes, it’s interesting.
A.read B.write
C.writing D.reading
1.C
decide to do sth.
决定去做某事
,
为固定搭配
,
故选
C
。
C
D
对接中考专练
3.[2018
·合肥二模
] I’m trying to sleep. Would you mind
the music?
A.turn down B.turning down
C.to turn down D.to turning down
4.[2018
·淮南
] They were about
when it began to rain.
A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left
5.[2018
·蚌埠二模
] When we heard the good news, we couldn’t help
. We’re so excited.
A.jump B.to jump C.jumping D.jumped
6.[2018
·淮北二模
] Our teacher saw us
on the desks and went out of the classroom.
A.to sit B.sat C.sit D.sitting
B
A
C
D
对接中考专练
7.[2018
·阜阳二模
] We look forward to
you again.
A.meeting B.meet
C.see D.visit
8.[2018
·蚌埠二模
] Nancy spends half an hour
the piano every day.
A.to practice playing B.practicing playing
C.practicing to play D.to practice to play
9.[2018
·蚌埠二模
]
—
I’m sorry, Miss Green. I left my math book at home.
—
It doesn’t matter. Please remember
it here tomorrow.
A.taking B.to take
C.bringing D.to bring
A
B
D
对接中考专练
10.[2018
·颍上模拟
] We will be free tomorrow, so I suggest
the history museum.
A.to visit B.visiting
C.visit D.a visit
11.[2018
·合肥一模
] He used to
in a small village, but now he has been used to
in the big city.
A.live; living B.live; live
C.living; living D.living; live
10.B
suggest doing sth.
建议做某事
,
后面跟动名词
,
故应选
B
。
B
A
对接中考专练
12.[2018
·淮北二模
]
—
My hair grows long. I want to get it
.
—
OK, I’ll go with you.
A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.cuts
13.[2018
·淮北一模
]
—
Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child?
—
Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret
that silly thing to my mum.
A.do B.to do C.doing D.did
A
C
对接中考专练
14.[2018
·马鞍山一模
] We spend as much time as we can
English.
A.read B.to read
C.reading D.have read
14.C
spend some time/money doing sth.
花时间
/
钱做某事
,
为固定搭配
,
故选
C
。
C
语法综合演练
见
Word
资源 语法专题
10
非谓语动词
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