安徽专版
新课标（
RJ
）
语法专题（十四） 复合句
PART TWO
第二篇
语法突破篇
【中考考点】
（
1
）宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词。
（
2
）宾语从句的简化形式。
（
3
）状语从句中连词的选择和时态。
（
4
）关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
（
5
）关系代词的特殊用法。
宾语从句
考点一 引导词
1.
在
that
引导的宾语从句中
,
若是陈述句作宾语
,that
可以省略。
The radio says
（
that
）
it will rain tomorrow.
收音机报道说明天要下雨。
2.
连接代词
which,what,who
等或连接副词
how, where, why, when
等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时
,
从句改用陈述语序。
Could you tell me
to you?
你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗
?
what he said
宾语从句
3.whether
或
if
引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语从句时
,
从句改用陈述语序。
I wonder
you have told the news to Li Lei.
我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。
[
注意
]
下列几种情况中
,
宾语从句的引导词通常使用
whether:
（
1
）具有选择意义且又有
or
或
or not,
尤其是直接与
or not
连用时
,
通常用
whether
。
（
2
）介词之后用
whether
。
（
3
）不定式前用
whether
。
if/whether
宾语从句
考点二 时态
1.
当主句为现在时态时
,
宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember he
me a book yesterday.
我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He has told me that he
for New York tomorrow.
他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。
2.
当主句为过去时态时
,
宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。
We asked what Jean was doing then.
我们问琼那时正在做什么。
3.
当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时
,
宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
Lisa asked whether light
faster than sound.
莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。
gave
will leave
travels/goes
宾语从句
考点三 语序
1.
陈述句改为宾语从句时
,
语序不变。
He is a good child. The teacher said.
→
The teacher said
（
that
）
he was a good child.
老师说他是个好孩子。
宾语从句
2.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时
,
语序改为陈述语序。
Does he work hard?I wonder.
→
I wonder if/whether
.
我想知道他工作是否努力。
When did he leave?I don’t know.
→
I don’t know when he left.
我不知道他是什么时候离开的。
【注意】
宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同
,
且主句的谓语动词是
know, remember, forget, learn
等时
,
从句可简化为“疑问词
+
不定式”结构。
I don’t know what I should say.
→
I don’t know what
.
我不知道要说什么。
to say
he works hard
状语从句
考点一 状语从句的分类
1.
时间状语从句
引导词有
when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, not
…
until
…
, as soon as
等。
When he comes back, I’ll give you a call.
他回来时
,
我会给你打电话的。
They didn’t stop until they finished the work.
他们直到完成工作才停下来。
I’ll ring you as soon as I reach Beijing.
我一到北京就给你打电话。
状语从句
2.
原因状语从句
引导词有
because, since, as
等。
I didn’t go, because I was afraid.
我没去
,
因为我害怕。
Since you are free today, you’d better take a good rest.
既然你今天有空
,
你最好好好休息。
3.
条件状语从句
引导词有
if, unless, as long as
等。
If it rains, I’ll go by car.
如果下雨
,
我就乘小汽车去。
You cannot succeed unless you work hard.
如果你不努力学习
,
你是不会成功的。
状语从句
4.
结果状语从句
引导词有
so
…
that
…
, such
…
that
…等。
It was raining so hard that we couldn’t see the road.
雨下得如此大
,
以至于我们看不见路。
5.
让步状语从句
引导词有
though, even though/if, although, no matter+
疑问词等。
Even though/if you say so, I do not believe it.
即使你这么说
,
我也不信。
6.
目的状语从句
引导词有
so that, in order that
等。
I need to get up early so that I can catch the early bus.
我需要早起
,
以便我能赶上早班车。
状语从句
7.
方式状语从句
引导词有
as if/though, as
等。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.
那个孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。
8.
地点状语从句
引导词有
where, wherever
等。
Wherever he goes, he always brings his pet dog.
无论他去哪里
,
他总是带着他的宠物狗。
9.
比较状语从句
引导词有
than, as
…
as
…
, not as/so
…
as
…等。
Carol speaks English as well as you do.
卡萝尔英语说得和你一样好。
状语从句
考点二 主句与从句时态一致的问题
在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中
,
主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列三种情况
:
1.
主现从现
:
若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时
,
那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。
Be careful when you cross the road.
过马路时要小心。
The traffic must stop when the lights
.
当红灯亮时
,
车辆必须停下来。
turn/are red
状语从句
2.
主将从现
:
主句用一般将来时
,
而从句用一般现在时表示将来。
I will visit my good friend when I
time.
当我有空时
,
我将去看望我的好友。
If she
here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her.
如果明天她来这里
,
我将和她一起去公园。
3.
过去时态
:
若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情
,
则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。
My mother was cooking when I got home yesterday.
昨天我到家时
,
我妈妈正在做饭。
have
comes
状语从句
考点三 宾语从句和状语从句同时出现
I don’t know if
（是否）
he will come.If
（如果）
he comes, I will tell him about the accident.
我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话
,
我将告诉他这起事故。
I don’t know when
（什么时候）
he will come tomorrow. When
（当……的时候）
he comes, I will tell him about the news.
我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时
,
我将告诉他这则消息。
定语从句
考点一 关系代词的基本用法
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who/that
who/whom/that
whose
指物
which/that
which/that
whose
定语从句
考点二 关系代词的特殊用法
1.
下列情况关系词只能用
that
（
1
）先行词为不定代词
all, few, little, much, everything, nothing
等时。
All
（
that
）
you have to do is to practice every day.
你必须要做的就是每天练习。
There isn’t much
（
that
）
I can do.
我能做的不多。
（
2
）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
The first lesson
（
that
）
I learned will never be forgotten.
我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。
This is the best film
（
that
）
I have ever seen.
这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
（
3
）先行词被
all, any, every, few, little, no, some
等不定代词修饰时。
I have read all the books
（
that
）
you gave me.
我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。
定语从句
（
4
）先行词被
the only, the very, the last, the same
等修饰时。
The white flower is the only one that I really like.
这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。
This is the very book
I want to read.
这就是我想看的那本书。
（
5
）当主句是以
who
或
which
开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is standing over there?
站在那边的那个人是谁
?
Which of us that know something about physics doesn’t know this?
在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个
?
that
定语从句
（
6
）先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and things
we could remember.
我们谈论了我们所能记得起的人和事。
（
7
）
time
作先行词且前面有序数词或
last
修饰时
,
定语从句用
that
来引导（
that
可省略）。
This is the last time
（
that
）
I shall give you a lesson.
这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
The first time
（
that
）
I saw him was in 2016.
我第一次见到他是在
2016
年。
that
定语从句
2.
下列情况只能用
which
（
1
）关系代词作介词的宾语时
,
用“介词
+which
”结构。
This is the book for
you ask.
这是你要的书。
（
2
）引导非限制性定语从句时
,
只能用
which
。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本我已经读了三遍的小说很感人。
which
定语从句
考点三 关系副词的用法
1.when
引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。
I still remember the day
I first came to Beijing.
我仍然记得第一次来北京的那一天。
2.where
在句中作状语
,
表示地点。
This is the factory
I worked two years ago.
这就是我两年前工作的那家工厂。
3.why
在句中作状语
,
表示原因。
I know the reason
he came late.
我知道他来晚的原因。
when
where
why
对接中考专练
1.[2007
·安徽
] Mrs. Brown couldn’t find her purse. She didn’t remember
.
A.whose it was B.where it was C.what it was D.when it was
2.[2009
·安徽
] You can’t imagine
when the pupils received these nice presents on Children’s Day.
A.how they were excited B.how excited they were
C.how excited were they D.they were how excited
3.[2014
·安徽
]
—
It’s so late. Why not write the report tomorrow?
—
But I don’t know
I can do it if not now.
A.why B.when C.how D.where
4.[2016
·安徽
]
—
Look at the stone bridge! Do you know
it was built?
—
In the 1860s. It is quite old.
A.when B.how C.where D.why
B
B
B
A
对接中考专练
5.[2017
·安徽
]
—
Do you know
Ann goes to work every day?
—
Usually by underground.
A.why B.how C.when D.whether
6.[2018
·安徽
]
—
I wonder
Jane gets on so well with her classmates.
—
Because she always cares much about others.
A.whether B.how
C.when D.why
B
5.B
根据答语可知
,
问者问的是
Ann
的上班方式。故选
B
。
D
对接中考专练
7.[2018
·长丰三模
]
—
I can’t decide
I should park my car.
—
You’d better park it in front of the building.
A.when B.how C.where D.why
8.[2018
·滁州一模
]
—
Tim, I want to know
you are going to do with the magazine.
—
Oh, I haven’t decided yet.
A.how B.what
C.why D.where
C
7.C
考查宾语从句的引导词。根据答语可知他不确定停车的地点
,
应用引导词
where
。故选
C
。
B
对接中考专练
9.[2018
·明光一模
]
—
Look! Some people are running the red lights.
—
We should wait
others are breaking the rule.
A.if B.although
C.unless D.because
10.[2018
·芜湖期中
] You’d better take a map with you
you won’t get lost.
A.as long as B.as if
C.so that D.now that
11.[2018
·明光二模
]
—
How do you like meeting an
“
e-friend
”
alone?
—
You’d better not,
something dangerous may happen to you.
A.or B.and
C.but D.because
B
C
D
对接中考专练
12.[2018
·马鞍山期末
]
—
Shall we go on a picnic this weekend?
—
I can’t agree more
there is a heavy rain or other bad weather.
A.although B.if
C.until D.unless
13.[2018
·太和一模
] The policeman has caught the
thief
stole Mr. Li’s wallet.
A.whose B.who
C.whom D.which
D
12.D
although
尽管
;if
如果
;until
到
……
为止
;unless
除非
,
如果不。结合语境理解可知
,
此句是一个
unless
引导的条件状语从句。故选
D
。
B
对接中考专练
14.[2018
·淮北模拟
]
Journey
to
the
West
is a book
influences teenagers a lot. It is very popular.
A.who B.when
C.which D.what
15.[2018
·合肥一模
]
—
Do you know the man under the tree?
—
Don’t you know him? He is the young man
saved the girl out of water yesterday!
A.when B.which C.whom D.who
16.[2018
·明光一模
] Studying in groups is a popular way
can develop students’ creative ability.
A.who B.whom C.what D.which
C
D
D
对接中考专练
17.[2018
·阜阳二模
] This is the best school
we visited last year.
A.that B.where
C.who D.which
18.[2018
·安庆一模
] The small river
runs through our village brought us lots of pleasure many years ago. It is my warm memory.
A.who B.when
C.where D.that
A
D
语法综合演练
见
Word
资源 语法专题
14
复合句
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