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2019年高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空选练（1）
李仕才
第一部分：完形填空
A
I was driving to the grocery store on a warm morning in May.I smiled as I watched the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves.It was such a __2__ and heavenly time.
My calm was broken，__3__，as I rounded a curve(拐弯处)．A huge UHaul truck was coming my way several feet over the center line.I swerved as far onto the side of the road as I could to __4__ it.It was followed by not one but two other UHaul trucks just as __5__.I wondered if all the stuff inside of them __6__ the same person.I slowed down my car and waited for my heart rate to __7__.It was then that I __8__ a selfstorage business along the side of the highway，building new units for all the people who couldn't fit their __9__ into their houses.I saw a(n)__10__ couple carrying boxes into one of the units.It seemed __11__ that a couple just out of their teens could already have too much stuff.
I lost my own __12__ for owning stuff when a house fire in the middle of the night destroyed everything my family owned.The only thing I had left was the underwear I was wearing.Yet，our whole family had awakened __13__ to escape.In the weeks that followed friends and family gave us a lot of stuff to get us back on our feet，but none of it seemed as __14__ any more.What was important was seeing Mom's smile，giving Nana a hug and a kiss，and watching Dad snooze(打盹) in his chair __15__ a hard day's work.What was important was the stuff of __16__，not the stuff of this world.Since then I have tried to limit the things I would __17__.I didn't want too much stuff to __18__ my life.I wanted to only buy what I needed and to spend my days in learning，growing，and __19__ my family and others.
I assumed that only by doing so could I make my __20__.
1．A.appreciating B．reflecting
C．admiring D．releasing
2．A.refreshing B．delightful
C．peaceful D．dynamic
3．A.though B．too
C．anyway D．instead
4．A.miss B．reject
C．ignore D．desert
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5．A.useful B．large
C．new D．good
6．A.turned to B．referred to
C．reacted to D．belonged to
7．A.beat B．pulse
C．accelerate D．follow
8．A.noticed B．thought
C．did D．established
9．A.furniture B．boxes
C．possessions D．materials
10．A.old B．young
C．middleaged D．small
11．A.curious B．apparent
C．certain D．obvious
12．A.hope B．talent
C．faith D．taste
13．A.in return B．in turn
C．in time D．in vain
14．A.affordable B．significant
C．beneficial D．practical
15．A.before B．in
C．after D．during
16．A.mind B．hand
C．head D．soul
17．A.purchase B．donate
C．waste D．need
18．A.put up B．crowd up
C．bring up D．set up
19．A.helping B．abusing
C．loving D．affecting
20．A.name B．day
C．world D．way
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【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述驾车途中的所见所感，并联想到自己家中曾经的火灾事件对他自身观念的影响，由此阐述了自己的感受：世上最重要的东西不是物质占有量，而在于精神世界的丰富，只有这样人才能感到快乐。
1．B 根据“the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves”可知，此处意为“树叶反射出金色的阳光”。reflect“反射”符合语境。appreciate“感激，欣赏”；admire“钦佩，赞赏”；release“释放，发行”。
2．C 根据空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者当时的心情是平静愉快的，故peaceful符合语境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的”；delightful“讨人喜欢的，令人愉快的”；peaceful“平静的，宁静的”；dynamic“动力的，有活力的”。
3．A 根据空前的“My calm was broken”可知，空处所在句与上文构成转折关系，故though“可是，不过”符合语境。too“太，也”；anyway“不管怎样，无论如何”；instead“相反”。
4．A 根据空前一句中的“truck was coming my way several feet over the center line”可知，作者尽量把车子往路边开来躲开卡车。miss“避开，躲开(不好或讨厌的事)”；reject“排斥，丢掉”；ignore“忽视，不理睬”；desert“遗弃，丢弃”。
5．B 根据上文可知，一辆卡车越过了中心线几英尺向作者的方向驶来，结合语境可知，这辆大卡车后还跟着另外两辆同样大的(large)卡车，故选B。
6．D 根据语境可知，作者不知道三辆卡车上的东西是否属于(belonged to)同一个人。belong to“属于”；turn to“转向，求助于”；refer to“参考，提到”；react to“对……作出反应”。
7．D 根据语境可知，作者放慢车速来平静心情调整心率。故follow“跟随，追赶”符合语境。beat“打败，拍打”；pulse“跳动，搏动”；accelerate“加速，增加”。
8．A 该句中的It was then that是强调句型，意思是“就在那时”。作者在平静心情时注意到路旁的一个自助存储公司。notice“注意到”；establish“建立，创办”。
9．C 根据语境可知，这些设备是为那些无法把所有物(possessions)存储到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，财产”符合语境。furniture“家具，设备”；material“材料”。
10．B 根据空后一句中的“a couple just out of their teens”可知，此处young“年轻的”符合语境。middleaged“中年的”。
11．A 根据该句中的“could already have too much stuff(可能已经拥有太多的东西)”可知，作者对此感到奇怪，故curious“稀奇古怪的”符合语境。apparent“显然的，表面上的”；certain“必然的，有把握的”；obvious“明显的，显然的”。
12．D 根据语境可知，夜半时分一场大火烧毁了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有拥有(很多)东西的兴趣(taste)。taste“爱好，兴趣”符合语境。hope“希望”； talent“才能，天资”；faith“信仰，信念”。
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13．C 根据空前的“had awakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及时(in time)醒来逃了出去。in return“作为回报”；in turn“反过来，轮流”；in vain“徒劳”。
14．B 根据空后的“What was important was”和空前的“none of it”可知，空处所填词与important意思相同，故significant“重要的，有意义的”符合语境。affordable“买得起的”；beneficial“有益的”；practical“实用的”。
15．C 根据生活常识可知，父亲打盹应该是在一天的艰辛工作之后(after)。
16．D 根据空前的“What was important was the stuff of”及空后的“not the stuff of this world”可知，空处所填词与“this world”形成对比，再结合上文内容可知，作者认为精神世界的丰富更为重要。soul“(人类整体的)精神状况”符合语境。mind“头脑，智力”。
17．A 根据上文中的“not the stuff of this world”可知，作者从此努力限制自己购买(purchase)东西的数量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故选A。donate“捐赠”；waste“浪费”；need“需要”。
18．B 根据语境可知，此处表示作者不想让太多的物品充斥自己的生活。故crowd up符合语境。put up“张贴，搭建”；bring up“抚养，养育，提出”；set up“建立”。
19．C 根据空后的“my family and others”可以推断此处意为“爱我的家人和他人”，故选C。abuse“滥用”；affect“影响”。
20．B 根据语境可知，此处表示只有这样做作者才能开心。make sb.'s day为固定用法，意为“使某人非常高兴”。
B
(2015·甘肃第一次诊断)
It was a freezing cold evening in northern Virginia many years ago.An old man was waiting for a __1__across the river.
At last he heard some hooves(马蹄)__2__along the frozen path.Anxiously，he watched as several horsemen came around the bend.__3__，he let them pass by one after another.Finally，as the __4__rider was drawing near，the old man __5__the rider’s eye and asked whether he would __6__giving him a ride to the other side.
The rider agreed __7__．Seeing the old man was unable to __8__his halffrozen body from the ground，the horseman __9__and helped the old man __10__the horse.The horseman took the old man not just across the river，but to his __11__，a tiny but cozy cottage.
Before leaving，out of __12__，the horseman asked the old man why on such a bitter
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winter night he would wait and ask the last rider and __13__he had refused.The old man replied，“I looked into the eyes of the other riders and immediately saw there was no __14__for my situation. But when I looked into your eyes，I was certain that your gentle spirit would give me __15__in my time of need.”
Those __16__comments touched the horseman deeply，who __17__the old man.“May I never get too busy with my own affairs that I __18__ to respond to the needs of others with kindness and compassion.”
With __19__，Thomas Jefferson，president of the United States，turned his horse around and __20__his way back to the White House.
1.A.horseman B．horse
C．ride D．friend
2．A.attacking B．running
C．entering D．approaching
3．A.However B．Therefore
C．Thus D． Moreover
4．A.coming B．leaving
C．next D．last
5．A.kept B．caught
C．looked D．saw
6．A.mind B．avoid
C．prefer D．try
7．A.seriously B．doubtfully
C．willingly D．strangely
8．A.lift B．push
C．feel D．stand
9．A.went off B．turned around
C． set out D．got down
10．A.onto B．over
C．off D．above
11．A.hometown B．apartment
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C．destination D．village
12．A.courage B．curiosity
C．enthusiasm D．honesty
13．A.what about B．if only
C．how come D．what if
14．A.chance B．doubt
C．concern D．reason
15．A.strength B．comfort
C．generosity D．assistance
16．A.heartwarming B．impressive
C．pessimistic D．optimistic
17．A.persuaded B．told
C．reminded D．suggested
18．A.manage B．fail
C．disagree D．remember
19．A.it B．them
C．that D．this
20．A.made B．struggled
C．felt D．fought
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了美国前总统Thomas Jefferson帮助一位老人过河的故事。Thomas Jefferson通过这件事认识到，不要因为忙于自己的事而忽略了他人的需求。
1．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。horseman意为“骑马者”；horse意为“马”；ride意为“(骑马、骑自行车或乘车)旅程”；friend意为“朋友”。根据第二段最后一句中的“giving him a ride to the other side”可知，此处应填ride。故答案选C。
2．解析：选D。考查动词辨析。attack意为“攻击”；run意为“跑”；enter意为“进入”；approach意为“靠近，接近”。下文提到，骑着马的那几个人从这位老人身边一一经过，由此可推知，这位老人听到了马蹄声正在向他这个方向靠近。故答案选D。
3．解析：选A。考查副词辨析。however意为“然而”；therefore意为“因此”；thus意为“因此”；moreover意为“而且”。根据语境可知，这位老人想过河。然而他却没有向这几个骑马的人求助，而是让他们一个接一个地过河而去。故however符合语境。故答案选A。
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4．解析：选D。考查词义辨析。coming意为“即将来临的”；leaving意为“离开”；next意为“下一个的”；last意为“最后的”。根据第四段第一句中的“ask the last rider”可知，此处应填last。故答案选D。
5．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。keep意为“保持”；catch意为“注意，看见”；look意为“看”，后面接名词时通常加介词；see意为“看到”。根据语境可知，这位老人注视着这位骑马者的眼睛，与第四段最后一句中“when I looked into your eyes”相呼应。故答案选B。
6．解析：选A。考查动词辨析。mind意为“介意”；avoid意为“避免”；prefer意为“更喜欢”；try意为“努力”。根据语境可知，这位老人问这位骑马者是否介意将他带到河对岸。故mind符合语境。故答案选A。
7．解析：选C。考查副词辨析。seriously意为“严肃地”，doubtfully意为“怀疑地”；willingly意为“乐意地”；strangely意为“奇怪地”。根据下文可知，这位骑马者将这位老人带过了河，说明他欣然同意了这位老者的请求。故willingly符合语境。故答案选C。
8．解析：选A。考查动词辨析。lift意为“将……从原地移开，举起”；push意为“推”；feel意为“感觉”；stand意为“站立”。根据语境“...was unable to________his halffrozen body from the ground...”可知，这位老者因为半个身子都冻僵了，所以他自己上不了马。故lift符合语境。故答案选A。
9．解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。go off意为“离开”；turn around意为“转身”；set out意为“动身”；get down意为“下来”。根据上文可知，这位老人自己上不了马，由此结合空格后的“helped the old man...”可知，此处应指这位骑马者下马帮助老人上马。故答案选D。
10．解析：选A。考查介词辨析。onto意为“移到……上”；over意为“越过”；off意为“从……上落下”；above 意为“超过，在……正上方”。此处指这位骑马者帮助老人上马。onto符合语境。故答案选A。
11．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。hometown意为“家乡”；apartment意为“公寓”；destination意为“目的地”；village意为“村庄”。根据空格后的“a tiny but cozy cottage”可推知，这位骑马者不仅帮助这位老人过河，还将老人送回了家，即老人的目的地。故destination符合语境。故答案选C。
12．解析：选B。考查名词辨析。courage意为“勇气”；curiosity意为“好奇”；enthusiasm意为“热情”；honesty意为“诚实”。根据空格后“the horseman asked the old man why on such a bitter winter night he would wait and ask the last rider...”可知，这位骑马者对这位老人不向前几位骑马者求助，而向他(即最后一位骑马者)求助的做法有些好奇，想知道他为什么这么做。故curiosity符合语境。故答案选B。
13．解析：选D。考查短语辨析。what about意为“……怎么样”；if
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only意为“要是……就好了”；how come意为“……怎么回事”；what if意为“要是……怎么办”。根据语境可知，这位骑马者问这位老人为什么会选择向最后一个骑马的人求助，要是他拒绝了怎么办。故what if符合语境。故答案选D。
14．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。chance意为“机会”；doubt意为“怀疑”；concern意为“关心，担心”；reason意为“理由”。根据语境可知，这位老人观察了其他骑马者的眼神，发现他们并不关心自己的处境。故concern符合语境。故答案选C。
15．解析：选D。考查名词辨析。strength意为“力量”；comfort意为“舒适”；generosity意为“慷慨”；assistance意为“援助，帮助”。根据语境可知，这位老人很确定最后一位骑马者会给他帮助。故assistance符合语境。故答案选D。
16．解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。heartwarming意为“使人愉快的，暖人心房的”；impressive意为“给人深刻印象的”；pessimistic意为“悲观的”；optimistic意为“乐观的”。根据上文这位老人所说的话可推知，老人这些暖人心房的话深深地触动了这位骑马者。故heartwarming符合语境。故答案选A。
17．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。persuade意为“说服”；tell意为“告诉”；remind意为“提醒”；suggest意为“建议”。根据空格后的内容可知，这是这位骑马者对这位老人说的话。故答案选B。
18．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。manage意为“管理”；fail意为“未能做，失败”；disagree意为“不同意”；remember意为“记起”。根据骑马者所说的话“May I never get too busy with my own affairs that I________to respond to the needs of others with kindness and compassion.”可知，这位骑马者希望自己将来不要因忙于自己的事而注意不到其他人的需求。故fail符合语境。故答案选B。
19．解析：选C。考查代词辨析。it用来指代上文提到的同一个事物；them用来指代上文提到的复数名词或代词；that用来指代上文提到的某种想法；this用于指代较近的人、物、地方或事情。此处用that指代Thomas Jefferson对这位老人所说的那句话。故答案选C。
20．解析：选A。考查动词辨析。make意为“使得，进行，制造”；struggle意为“挣扎”；feel意为“感受”；fight 意为“斗争”。根据语境可知，Thomas Jefferson转身踏上回白宫的路。make one’s way是固定短语，意为“前进，行走”，符合语境。故答案选A。
第二部分：短文语法填空
According to a recent survey，violence did exist in schools.Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also __1__(express) their great concern about it.Experts hope __2__ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.
Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon，which __3__(call)
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for our great concern.We should make every effort __4__(prevent) school violence happening at school，for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal __5__(safe) could not be guaranteed.In fact，violence can be learned.__6__(actual)，children learn violence behavior from adults or from __7__ they see on television or on the Internet.
If I meet with school violence，I will not answer violence with violence，for it will result in __8__(much) fighting.I will tell my teachers or parents about it.I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.
All in all，we students should behave __9__(we) and keep away __10__ violence.
【语篇导读】 校园暴力这一现象引起了老师和家长的关注。本文介绍了校园暴力形成的原因以及阻止校园暴力的方法。
1．expressed [考查时态。根据该句中的“showed”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填expressed。]
2．the [考查冠词。the whole society意为“全社会”，为固定用法，故填the。]
3．calls [考查时态和主谓一致。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，which指代“a phenomenon”，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数；由“I think this is”可知，应用一般现在时，故填calls。]
4．to prevent [考查动词不定式。我们应当尽一切努力来阻止校园暴力的发生。make every effort to do sth 为固定搭配，故此处应用动词不定式作宾补。]
5．safety [考查名词。根据空处前的“their personal”可知，空处应填名词safety。]
6．Actually [考查副词。分析该句结构可知，空处修饰全句，作状语，故用副词Actually。]
7．what [考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“see”的宾语，故用what。]
8．more [考查比较级。句意：如果我遇到校园暴力，我不会以暴制暴，因为这会导致更多的打斗。根据句意可知，空处应使用比较级。]
9．ourselves [考查反身代词。behave oneself为固定搭配，意为“举止规矩有礼，检点”；根据主语“we”可知，空处应用反身代词ourselves。]
10．from [考查介词。keep away from为固定搭配，意为“远离”。]
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