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2019年高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空选练（4）
李仕才
第一部分：完形填空
A
These days everyone wants to “get rich” overnight. We all __1__ marrying someone from a wealthy family, making a lot of __2__， or winning the lottery (彩票). But do these things really make us happy? Many of the richest celebrities (名人) happen to be some of the most __3__ people. They buy expensive houses and clothes that they __4__ use. They may become __5__ and even become addicted to __6__. They have become so focused on money and material things that they forget about the people and activities they __7__.
Now, more young people have the opportunity for a better education, and better chances of making a high __8__. These are great achievements，__9__ will they make you happy? In the US many young people believe that being rich and being happy are two __10__ things. When attending university, they often choose to study subjects that they are __11__ rather than subjects that will get them __12__ jobs. Instead of majoring in “business” or “management”， many American students today have majors like “theater” or “modern dance”. The __13__ is that making a lot of money doesn't mean that you will be satisfied with your __14__. Nowadays, young people are __15__ careers that they love doing rather than careers that pay well.
I think that as being __16__ becomes more possible, we need to __17__ what the term “fortune” really means. Do we need to have money and material things to be fortunate? Or does __18__ just mean having what we need to be happy? __19__， what things make you happy? Be honest with yourself. It may take __20__ a rich spouse(配偶)or much money to make you happy!
拥有财富和拥有幸福本质上是有区别的。有些有钱人去购买永远不会去用的昂贵的房子、衣服，沉溺于吸毒，其实他们并不幸福。现在更多的年轻人选择了去接受良好的教育，从事自己乐意从事的职业，上大学、接受教育并不仅仅是为了有一份高薪的工作。
1．A.think of B．dream of
C．care about D．insist on
答案：B 根据上一句中的wants和下文可知，这些想法都是“梦想”。
2．A.changes B．friends
C．efforts D．money
答案：D 要快点富起来，当然要赚到一大笔钱。make a lot of money“赚大钱”。
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3．A.unhappy B．happy
C．lucky D．unlucky
答案：A 从下文那些有钱人的做法可知他们中有些人不幸福。
4．A.always B．really
C．never D．personally
答案：C 他们去购买永远不会去用的昂贵的房子、衣服。
5．A.annoyed B．depressed
C．satisfied D．injured
答案：B 此空和下文become addicted to... 是并列关系，因此选择depressed“郁闷的，消沉的”。
6．A.work B．games
C．adventures D．drugs
答案：D become addicted to...常用来指“沉迷于”一些不良的嗜好。drug“毒品”。
7．A.love B．hate
C．enjoy D．know
答案：A 前面的先行词是people and activities, 因此只能用love, 而不能用enjoy“喜欢”。
8．A.salary B．goal
C．degree D．fame
答案：A
解析：本文主要讲对财富的追求，故选A。句意：现在更多的年轻人有机会接受更好的教育，有机会赚到高额的“薪水”(salary)。这里和文章开头呼应。goal“目标”；degree“程度”；fame“名誉”。
9．A.so B．and
C．but D．or
答案：C 从上下文来看，这里是转折关系。
10．A.difficult B．different
C．pleasant D．important
答案：B 联系上下文可知，富有和幸福是不同的。
11．A.used to B．familiar with
C．related to D．interested in
答案：D 根据rather than和get them ______ jobs 可知此处指选择他们感兴趣的专业。be used to sth.“习惯于”；be related to“与……有关”；be familiar with“熟悉”。
12．A.highpaying B．prizewinning
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C．troublesaving D．longenjoying
答案：A highpaying“报酬高的”。
13．A.point B．purpose
C．result D．question
答案：A point“要点”。其他三个选项均不合题意。
14．A.health B．future
C．life D．major
答案：C 有钱并不意味着对“生活”感到满意。
15．A.creating B．avoiding
C．missing D．choosing
答案：D choose career“择业”。
16．A.independent B．wealthy
C．unselfish D．famous
答案：B 由于致富已不是问题，我们有必要重新思考“富有”的真正含义。
17．A.study B．understand
C．rethink D．recall
答案：C “重新思考”用rethink, 其他选项不合文意。
18．A.fortune B．career
C．success D. peace
答案：A 这里作者以问句的形式提出了本文的观点：富有(fortune)是否就意味着拥有幸福所需要的东西。
19．A.Even if B．If so
C．Only if D．If only
答案：B 这里承接上句，if so“如果这样的话”。
20．A.kind of B．nothing but
C．as much as D．more than
答案：D 真正的幸福不只是拥有一个有钱的配偶或有很多钱。nothing but“只不过，仅仅”。
B
(2015·北京东城区综合练习二)
Monday started out great.I woke up on time, ate breakfast and did some last minute studying for my first hour math __1__．Ten minutes later，I sat by my friends on the bus.We were busily chatting about how we spent our__2__when, THUMP! Ryan __3__over someone’s foot and landed flat on his face in the passage between the two rows of
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seats.
Everyone on the bus laughed crazily.Ryan __4__himself up and made his way to an empty seat.He tried to laugh with us, but his face was bright red with__5__．The rest of the morning flew by.I did well in my math test.I read two more chapters of To Kill a Mockingbird in English class.It wasn’t long before the __6__bell sounded.I met my friends from the cheerleading team in the dining hall.Then I couldn’t help but __7__Ryan a few tables over，sitting alone.He caught me looking.I smiled at him quickly and turned away.
When we finished eating, we __8__out to the courtyard to practice a cheer we wanted to do at that night’s football game.After a little __9__， we nailed the cheer, so we decided we only needed to__10__through it one last time.Again, just like the rest of my day so far, the cheer was going great.I raised my leg __11__ one last toe(脚趾) touch.RIIIPPP! I felt my jeans split down the middle of my backside.
I__12__．I didn’t know what to do but stayed still.Then I heard people laughing, and I saw them pointing.Trying to__13__myself with my hands，I tried to__14__too, but I felt tears began to escape from my eyes.Then I saw Ryan walking toward me.I remembered earlier that morning when he had fallen and I had laughed at him.This would be his __15__to return the favor.
But he didn’t.__16__， Ryan offered me his jacket to cover up my __17__jeans.He also offered me his phone so that I could call my mom to bring me some __18__．I thanked Ryan for his help.And a few days later when I saw him again，I apologized for laughing at him on the bus.Ryan regarded it as no big deal, but my own __19__experience and Ryan’s kind response taught me about __20__ for others.Thanks to Ryan，I can honestly say that Monday was still a great day！
1.A.test B．lesson
C．work D．book
2．A.term B．money
C．energy D．weekend
3．A.tripped B．turned
C．took D．crossed
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4．A.set B．put
C．picked D．added
5.A.appreciation B．embarrassment
C．surprise D．disappointment
6.A.alarm B．church
C．lunch D．door
7．A.notice B．meet
C．hear D．call
8．A.drove B．slipped
C．danced D．headed
9．A.guidance B．practice
C．struggle D．discussion
10．A.lead B．walk
C．go D．flow
11．A.for B．in
C．to D．on
12．A.jumped B．smiled
C．shook D．froze
13．A.clean B．cover
C．push D．help
14．A.point B．laugh
C．play D．return
15．A.hope B．duty
C．chance D．aim
16．A.Instead B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．However
17．A.long B．torn
C．tight D．worn
18．A.socks B．jackets
C．coats D．jeans
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19．A.positive B．broad
C．common D．shameful
20．A.patience B．expectation
C．sympathy D．admiration
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的同学Ryan在车上摔倒了，作者和其他人一块嘲笑他。但是当作者的裤子在公共场合裂开时，Ryan却帮他避免了尴尬。 自己的尴尬经历和Ryan对自己的帮助教会了作者：对人要常怀同情之心。
1．解析：选A。考查名词辨析。根据第二段第五句“I did well in my math test.”可知，作者是参加数学考试。故选A。
2．解析：选D。考查名词辨析。根据第一段第一句“Monday started out great.”可知，那天是周一，作者和同学们谈论的是刚刚过去的周末。故选D。
3．解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意为：Ryan被某个人的脚绊倒了。根据后面的“landed flat on his face”可知，Ryan被绊倒了。trip over意为“被……绊倒”。故选A。
4．解析：选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为：Ryan站了起来，走向一个空座位。set up意为“建立”；put up意为“建造，举起，张贴”；pick up意为“拾起，捡起，站立”；add up意为“增加”。故选C。
5．解析：选B。考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，Ryan在众人面前摔倒了，应是感到很尴尬。appreciation意为“欣赏，感谢”；embarrassment意为“尴尬”；surprise意为“惊奇，诧异”；disappointment意为“失望”。故选B。
6．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。根据上文中“The rest of the morning flew by.”及下文中的“in the dining hall”可知，他们在餐厅里应该是吃午饭，所以是午饭铃响了。故选C。
7．解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意为：(目光)越过几张桌子，我注意到Ryan独自一个人坐在餐厅里。notice意为“注意到”，符合语境。故选A。
8．解析：选D。考查动词辨析。句意为：吃完饭之后，我们去院子里练习晚上足球赛需要的助兴表演。drive out意为“驱赶，开车外出”；slip out意为“悄悄溜出去”；head out意为“离去，前往”。根据语境可知，此处是作者从餐厅离开前往院子。故选D。
9．解析：选B。考查名词辨析。根据上一句的“to practice a cheer we wanted to do”可知，他们稍做了一些练习。故选B。
10．解析：选C。考查动词辨析。在做了一些练习之后，他们觉得只需再把这个助兴表演最后再排练一遍就可以了。go through意为“练习，检查”。故选C。
11．解析：选A。考查介词辨析。句意为：我抬起腿来为了做最后一个够脚趾动作。for意为“为了”，表目的。故选A。
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12．解析：选D。考查动词辨析。根据下一句“I didn’t know what to do but stayed still.”可知，作者的裤子后面裂开了，作者不知道该干什么，僵住了。故选D。
13．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，作者感到羞愧，所以想要用手遮住脸。cover意为“覆盖，遮住”。故选B。
14．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。根据“too”以及上文“Then I heard people laughing”可知，大伙笑了，“我”也试图跟着大家一起笑。故选B。
15．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。句意为：我记得那天早上他摔倒时我嘲笑了他，这将是他报复我的机会。hope意为“希望，期望”；duty意为“职责”；chance意为“机会”；aim意为“目标”。故选C。
16．解析：选A。考查副词辨析。句意为：但是他没有(嘲笑我)，而是用他的夹克遮住了我裂开的牛仔裤。instead意为“代替，反而”；otherwise意为“否则”；therefore意为“因此”；however意为“然而”。故选A。
17.解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。根据第三段最后一句“I felt my jeans split down the middle of my backside.”可知，作者的裤子从中间裂开了，所以要用torn，意为“裂开的”。故选B。
18．解析：选D。考查名词辨析。根据第三段最后一句“I felt my jeans split down the middle of my backside.”可知，作者的牛仔裤坏了，此处指打电话让妈妈送牛仔裤来。故选D。
19．解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。作者的裤子在公共场合裂开了，这对作者来说是一次难堪的经历。positive意为“积极的”；broad意为“宽的”；common意为“共同的，普通的”；shameful意为“可耻的，不体面的”。故选D。
20．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。作者这次难堪的经历和Ryan对其的帮助教会了作者对人要常怀同情之心。patience意为“耐性，容忍，耐心”；expectation意为“期待，期望”；sympathy意为“同情”；admiration意为“钦佩，赞赏”。故选C。
第二部分：短文语法填空
Many teachers believe that hands－on experience is the __1__(good) way to learn. A group of students in the United States are putting that belief to the test. They __2__ (success) designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines __3__ the bottom of the sea. Students made the robot __4__(answer) a challenge from the U．S. Department of Defense.
The students recently tested the underwater vehicle __5__(call) PerseusⅡ in a 95－meter－long tank of water at the Stevens Institute of Technology.
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The robot costs about $15，000 to build. The students use a video game control to direct __6__(it) movements in the tank. What’s more，devices known as Japters __7__ (able) the robot to go up，down and toward its target in the water. Video cameras on the robot send images back to a computer through a 13－meter－long cable. Perseus Ⅱ also has __8__ set of lasers (激光)，which are used to measure the size of an object.
The robot is the creation of five undergraduate students. For over six months，they worked up __9__ 20 hours a week to design and build Perseus Ⅱ.
DeLorme supervised the project from __10__(begin) to end. He says the specialized requirements of robots were demanding.
【语篇导读】 本文通过事实证明：亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法。
1．best [考查形容词最高级。此处表示“亲身的实践经验是学习的最好方法”，故用best。]
2．successfully [考查副词。副词修饰动词designed和built作状语，故用successfully。]
3．at [考查介词。at the bottom of表示“在……的底部”，故用at。]
4．to answer [考查动词不定式。在这里to answer是动词不定式作目的状语，表示“制造这个机器人是为了回应美国国防部的一项挑战”。]
5．called [考查过去分词。此处应用过去分词作后置定语，表示“被叫作”，故用called。]
6．its [考查代词。由后面的movements可知，应用形容词性物主代词作定语。]
7．enable [考查动词和时态。分析句子结构可知，主语是devices，谓语是设空处，故应用动词enable，表示“使发生”。且此处是一般性的描述，故应用一般现在时。]
8．a [考查冠词。a set of表示“一系列”，故用a。]
9．to [考查固定短语。up to表示“达到”，故用to。]
10．beginning [考查固定短语。from beginning to end表示“从头到尾”。]
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