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2019年高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空选练（10）
李仕才
第一部分：完形填空
A
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
My parents had always prepared for hurricanes. It is what 1 people do in Florida because “you never know”. For us, that 2 a white metal cabinet (储藏柜) in our utility room (杂用间) filled with cans of food. We could 3 eat anything out of the cabinet because “you never know” when a hurricane will come.
As a kid, I was 4 about the white cabinet. I thought it was kind of strange to have food in the utility room. But, one look from my mother 5 me from opening the door to glance inside.
One year, Channel 4 reported that Hurricane Dora was 6 for the northern part of Florida. Soon the storm got 7 and the wind blew. Then, the tall pine trees started to sway. And, by “sway”, I meant “ 8 over or crash down on anything in their way”. We were lucky, as the 9 went other directions and didn’t take our power out.
However, when my mother started cooking, the power was out. 10 I figured it was time to crack open that white cabinet. But, Dad thought it was time to 11 up the charcoal grill outside where it was raining and windy. To this day, I never 12 a man’s love for his grill.
Our power came back for a while. So, my mother began cooking everything she could and 13 it away, to the neighbors, to friends without power, to anyone who was 14 up. I was hoping that the fried chicken was going to find its way to our 15 . But, it didn’t. And, just as the last of the food was sent out and she began to work on our dinner, yes, we lost our 16 . It was time for 20 minutes’ eggs on the grill.
Oh, the white metal cabinet. No. We never 17 it. We weren’t “that bad off” as I understand it. And, for years I 18 how bad off we
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would have to be to eat out of that cabinet. Perhaps it was just the 19 of it, the thought that it was there watching our backs 20 we wanted a can of beans or some potted meat. I don’t know if that was what was in there. Anyway, I never looked inside.
1. A. brave B. serious C. generous D. smart
2. A. said B. meant C. showed D. presented
3. A. forever B. always C. never D. ever
4. A. doubtful B. concerned C. anxious D. curious
5. A. banned B. kept C. defended D. protected
6. A. reaching B. looking C. heading D. going
7. A. round B. down C. far D. close
8. A. fall B. trip C. fly D. tip
9. A. walls B. poles C.
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trees D. bushes
10. A. Yet B. Otherwise C. Nevertheless D. So
11. A. start B. use C. break D. hold
12. A. question B. mention C. investigate D. appreciate
13. A. putting B. turning C. giving D. clearing
14. A. full B. well C. high D. hard
15. A. cupboard B. room C. bed D. table
16. A. food B. power C. water D. money
17. A. opened B. locked C. fixed D. cleaned
18. A. examined B. analyzed C. wondered D. imagined
19. A. purpose B. problem C.
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thought D. conclusion
20. A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
【参考答案】完形填空
1—10、D B C D B C D A C D
11—15、A A C D D B A C C B
B
(2015·呼和浩特第一次调研)
The 100th Running Shoe Keychain
When I was in grade 6，I joined the cross country running club.I hated running but __1__ because my friends were in the club.I worked hard but no matter how hard I trained，I __2__ came in the last.After yet another meet where I came in last，I told my coach that I was going to __3__.I couldn’t run.I hated running and all I was doing was pulling the __4__ down.I don’t remember his words，but I do remember he __5__ to let me quit.I remember feeling that he believed in me even though I didn’t believe in myself.I kept __6__ and participating in the meets.He never gave up on me.Instead，he always encouraged me to keep going，and told me that I could do it.
Then the final meet came，a huge __7__ with less than two hundred students running.We learned that not only the first 20 students __8__ the line would win an award，but also the first 100 would be given a running shoe keychain as encouragement.We set off and I quickly __9__ behind.I didn’t stop and kept running.My friends who __10__ me encouraged me to keep running.When I passed the __11__，finally，and received the 100th keychain，there were still several students behind me.For the first time，I was not the __12__ one！I remember how excited I felt and how my friends felt happy for me.
The following week there was a school gathering.We were all called up in front of the school.The coach shared that we were high __13__ at the meet，and almost everyone on the team came home with __14__.I felt ashamed，for I was the one who didn’t win an award.I only came in the 100th place and didn’t __15__ his praise.Then he came
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behind me，put his hands on my shoulders and told the school he was __16__ of me because I never gave up and because of that，I pulled from last __17__ to the middle of the race—which was an unbelievable personal __18__.He spoke on how we all __19__ one another and how well we worked together，__20__ we all were racing alone.
I still keep that keychain，which tells me never to give up and always work with others.It doesn’t matter if you are the first；what matters is doing your best.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。不擅跑步的作者加入跑步俱乐部在比赛中屡屡失意。作者萌生退意，后来在教练的鼓励和队友的支持下取得了很大进步，从而得出了不轻言放弃、要与他人合作的人生感悟。
1．A.joined B．obeyed
C．agreed D．practised
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。join意为“参加，加入”；obey意为“服从，遵守”；agree意为“同意”；practise意为“练习”。由文章第一句中的“joined”提示可知，作者尽管不喜欢跑步，但还是因为自己的朋友参加了而加入了跑步俱乐部。故答案选A。
2．A.approximately B．constantly
C．personally D．absolutely
解析：选B。考查副词辨析。approximately意为“大约”；constantly意为“始终，一直”；personally意为“亲自地，个别地”；absolutely意为“完全地，绝对地”。空格前一分句为让步状语从句，所以此空格所在的句子应与前一分句构成转折。由此可知，此处指不管作者怎么努力训练但还是经常跑最后一名。这与下文作者想退出比赛相呼应。故答案选B。
3．A.fall B．lose
C．quit D．rest
解析：选C。考查动词辨析。fall意为“摔倒，掉下”；lose意为“丢失，失败”；quit意为“退出”；rest意为“休息”。由上文可知，作者经常跑最后一名，在经历了又一次失败后，作者告诉教练自己想退出俱乐部的比赛。故答案选C。
4．A.score B．coach
C．record D．team
解析：选D。考查名词辨析。score意为“分数”；coach意为“教练”；record意为“记录”；team意为“队伍”。结合语境可知，作者退赛的原因是讨厌跑步并且自己一直在拖队伍的后腿。pull down意为“拖后腿”。故答案选D。
5．A.regretted B．forbade
C．hesitated D．refused
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解析：选D。考查动词辨析。regret意为“后悔”；forbid意为“禁止”；hesitate意为“犹豫”；refuse意为“拒绝”。根据下文作者继续训练与参加比赛的事实可知，作者提出退赛时，教练没有同意。故答案选D。
6．A.begging B．training
C．failing D．applying
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。beg意为“乞求”；train意为“训练”；fail意为“失败”；apply意为“申请”。根据句中“kept”和“and participating in the meets”可知，教练拒绝了作者的退赛请求并给予作者鼓励与信任，因此作者又继续训练了。故答案选B。
7．A.amount B．success
C．affair D．honour
解析：选C。考查名词辨析。amount意为“数量”；success意为“成功”；affair意为“事件”；honour意为“荣耀”。此空格所在部分为“the final meet”的同位语，是对它进行解释。由空格后的参赛选手数量“less than two hundred students”可知，本次比赛为一场大型赛事。故答案选C。
8．A.across B．beyond
C．over D．to
解析：选A。考查介词辨析。across意为“(从表面)通过”；beyond意为“(抽象意义上的)超越”；over意为“(从上方)越过”；to意为“到达”。根据句意可知，此处指完成比赛跑过终点线的前20名选手将获奖。故答案选A。
9．A.followed B．kept
C．left D．fell
解析：选D。考查动词辨析。follow意为“跟随”；keep意为“保持”；leave意为“留下”；fall意为“落下”。fall behind意为“落后”，为固定搭配。本句句意为：我们开始跑了，我很快就落后了。C项为干扰项，如选用，须用被动语态，故排除。故答案选D。
10．A.helped B．passed
C．inspired D．supported
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。help意为“帮助”；pass意为“路过”；inspire意为“启发”；support意为“支持”。根据文意可知，作者落后了，许多作者的朋友们从作者身边跑过时都鼓励他继续奔跑。故答案选B。
11．A.field B．test
C．line D．match
解析：选C。考查名词辨析。field意为“田地，场地”；test意为“测验”；line意为“(终点)线”；match意为“比赛”。根据此空格前的“passed”和空格后的“finally”提示可知，作者最终跑过了终点线。故答案选C。
12．A.last B．least
C．quickest D．farthest
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解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。last意为“最后的”；least“最少的”；quickest意为“最快的”；farthest意为“最远的”。根据上一句中的“received the 100th keychain”可知，作者跑了第100名。上文提到参赛选手有将近200名，所以有史以来第一次，作者不是最后一名。故答案选A。
13．A.speeds B．spots
C．quality D．chance
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。speed意为“速度”；spot意为“点”；quality意为“质量”；chance意为“机会”。本句及之后的内容表明教练在表扬队员，此空格前有“high”，与spots搭配有“亮点”的意思，指队员们是比赛场上的亮点。故答案选B。
14．A.presents B．awards
C．wishes D．keychains
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。present意为“礼物”；award意为“奖项”；wish意为“愿望”；keychain意为“钥匙圈”。由比赛奖励规则可知，前20名获得奖项，前100名获得运动鞋钥匙圈奖励。根据后一句“I felt ashamed，for I was the one who didn’t win an award.”可知，大部分队友都获得了award(奖项)。故答案选B。
15．A.deserve B．value
C．believe D．request
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。deserve意为“应得”；value意为“看重”；believe意为“相信”；request意为“要求”。根据上文可知，作者没有获得奖项，只得到第100名，于是感到羞愧，觉得自己没资格获得教练的表扬。故答案选A。
16．A.aware B．sure
C．capable D．proud
解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。aware意为“意识到的”；sure意为“确定的”；capable意为“胜任的”；proud意为“自豪的”。根据空格后的“because I never gave up and because... unbelievable personal...”可知，教练为作者不放弃并取得的巨大进步感到自豪。故答案选D。
17．A.number B．place
C．race D．minute
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。number意为“数量”；place意为“位置，名次”；race意为“比赛”；minute意为“分钟”。此处指教练表扬“我”从最后一名上升到中间的名次。故答案选B。
18．A.victory B．ambition
C．matter D．opinion
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解析：选A。考查名词辨析。victory意为“胜利”；ambition意为“野心”；matter意为“物质，事情”；opinion意为“观点，看法”。本句中，教练表扬“我”经过努力提升了名次，这对“我”自己来说是一个难以置信的胜利。故答案选A。
19．A.introduced B．encouraged
C．proved D．attracted
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。introduce意为“介绍”；encourage意为“鼓励”；prove意为“证明”；attract意为“吸引”。此处指教练表扬“我们”彼此相互鼓励与合作，与文章第二段中的“My friends who ______ me encouraged me to keep running.”相呼应。故答案选B。
20．A.as if B．in case
C．even though D．as long as
解析：选C。考查连词辨析。as if意为“似乎”；in case意为“万一”；even though意为“即使”；as long as意为“只要”。本句为从句，由逗号前的主句中“together”和从句中的“alone”可知，此从句与主句构成转折关系，应为让步状语从句，句意为：他说尽管我们都是独自参加比赛，但我们相互鼓励与合作。故答案选C。
第二部分：短文语法填空
Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life，he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons.He taught __1__ the love of wisdom，not for money.And __2__ he had to say was always new and worth hearing.All his pupils loved him.
But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some __3__(danger) enemies.The rulers did not want to be questioned.So they __4__(false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and __5__(lead) them to ignore religion.In fact Socrates was a very religious man.His enemies had him __6__(arrest)，and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.
During the 30 days before he was put to death，his friends and pupils __7__(allow) to visit him in his prison.They were astonished to find that __8__ was calm and cheerful.He had no fear of dying.When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates，his friends were in __9__(tear)，but Socrates seemed to be the __10__(brave) man in the room.He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.
【语篇导读】 文章主要记叙了伟大的哲学家苏格拉底，讲了他免费给学生上课，学生都喜欢他，他与众不同的教学方式也招来了许多敌人，导致他被捕入狱，但是他直到死前的最后一刻都十分淡定从容的故事。
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1．for [考查介词。介词for在此处表示“为了”，说明他上课时为了对智慧的热爱不是为了钱，故填for。]
2．what [考查名词性从句。此处what作连词代词引导主语从句，故填what。]
3．dangerous [考查形容词。形容词dangerous用来修饰名词enemies。]
4．falsely [考查副词。此处副词falsely用来修饰动词accused。]
5．leading [考查动名词。accuse sb of doing sth指控某人某事，此处leading和teaching并列作为指控的内容，故填leading。]
6．arrested [考查被动语态。have him arrested“他被逮捕”，过去分词在此处表示被动含义，故填arrested。]
7．were allowed [考查被动语态。此处用被动语态表示“他的朋友和学生被允许去看他”，故填were allowed。]
8．he [考查代词。he在此处代指苏格拉底，表示他们很吃惊地发现他很镇定和高兴，故填he。]
9．tears [考查名词。in tears表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配。]
10．bravest [考查形容词最高级。the＋形容词最高级，表示“最……”，使用bravest表示“最勇敢的”，说明苏格拉底似乎是房间里最勇敢的人，故填bravest。]
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