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2019年高考英语一轮完形填空和语法填空选练（5）
李仕才
第一部分：完形填空
A
I always had a dream.In it，I was a little girl again，rushing about，trying to get __1__ for school.Deep inside I knew __2__ it came from.It was some unfinished __3__ in my life.
As a kid I loved school.Most of all I __4__ to receive my diploma.That seemed more __5__ even than getting married.But at 15，I had to __6__ because my parents couldn't afford my __7__.Pretty soon I married and had three children.I thought，“There goes my diploma.”__8__，I wanted my children to be educated.But Linda，the youngest，had a serious heart disease，which made it impossible for her to __9__ in a normal classroom.
One day，I saw an ad for evening courses.“That's the __10__.Linda always feels better in the evening，so I'll just __11__ her up for night school.”
Linda was busy filling forms when the school __12__ said，“Mrs Schantz，why don't you come back to school？”
I laughed，“There's no __13__！I'm 55！”
But he __14__ me and I attended class with Linda.Surprisingly，both Linda and I felt great there and my __15__ steadily improved.
It was exciting to go to school again，but it was no __16__.Sitting in a class full of kids was __17__，even if they were respectful.Whenever I was down，Linda encouraged me, “Mom，you can't __18__ now！” Together we made it __19__.
Finally，I got my diploma with Linda and realized my __20__ of years.
1．A.started B．concerned
C．finished D．prepared
2．A.when B．where
C．how D．why
3．A.homework B．diploma
C．accident D．business
4．A.required B．managed
C．longed D．struggled
5．A.annoying B．incredible
C．appealing D．ridiculous
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6．A.drop out B．give in
C．break up D．turn away
7．A.living B．teaching
C．working D．schooling
8．A.As usual B．Until then
C．Even so D．In fact
9．A.recover B．function
C．benefit D．arrive
10．A.problem B．answer
C．deal D．result
11．A.sign B．put
C．call D．pick
12．A.secretary B．colleague
C．employer D．referee
13．A.rush B．time
C．way D．class
14．A.urged B．demanded
C．persuaded D．informed
15．A.grades B．attitude
C．health D．moods
16．A.fun B．game
C．good D．wonder
17．A.available B．awkward
C．awesome D．awful
18．A.miss B．reject
C．resign D．quit
19．A.up B．out
C．off D．through
20．A.dream B．ambition
C．plan D．thought
【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了已为人母的作者梦想着自己能够再年轻一次重新回到课堂，最后在女儿的带动下实现了自己梦想的故事。
1．D 根据下文作者和女儿一起回到课堂的事可知，此处指“准备上学”。get prepared for“为……做准备”。故选D。
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2．B 根据语境可知，此处指作者知道这种想法(再次年轻并回到校园)来源于哪里(where)。故选B。
3．D 根据下文内容可推知，这个梦想是作者未完成的事(business)。故选D。
4．C 根据常识及语境可知，作者渴望得到自己的毕业证书。long to do sth.“渴望做某事”。故选C。
5．C 根据上文的“As a kid I loved school.Most of all I __4__ to receive my diploma”可推出，对于作者来说上学甚至比结婚更有吸引力。annoying“讨厌的，令人气恼的”；incredible“难以置信的”；appealing“有吸引力的”；ridiculous“荒谬的”。故选C。
6．A 根据上下文可推知，因为家里负担不起作者的学校教育费用，所以作者不得不辍学。drop out“辍学”；give in“屈服”；break up“破碎”；turn away“拒绝”。故选A。
7．D 参见上题解析。schooling“学校教育”。
8．C 根据语境可知，尽管这样，作者还是想让孩子接受教育。故选C。as usual“像往常一样”；until then“直到那时”；even so“即便这样，尽管如此”；in fact“事实上”。
9．B 根据语境可知，此处指“在一间正常的教室里上课对琳达来说是不可能的”。function意为“运转，正常工作”，符合语境。recover“恢复”； benefit“使受益”；arrive“到达”。故选B。
10．B 根据语境可知，那就是解决琳达上学问题的方法，因为琳达在晚上身体感到很不错。故选B。 problem“问题”；answer“解决办法，答案”；deal“交易”；result“结果”。
11．A 根据语境可知，女儿在晚上时身体感觉舒服，因此作者就为女儿在夜校报了名。sign up for sth.“报名(参加课程)”。故选A。
12．A colleague“同事”；employer“雇主，老板”；referee“裁判员，调解人”。根据语境可知选A。the school secretary“校办秘书”。
13．C 根据空后的“I'm 55”可推知，作者认为55岁的自己不可能再回到校园了。there is no way意为“不可能”。
14．C 根据上下文可知，此处指作者被劝服。urge“催促”；demand“要求”；persuade“劝服”；inform“通知”。故选C。
15．A 根据语境及常识可推知，令人吃惊的是，作者的成绩稳步提高。grade“成绩”；attitude“态度”；health“健康”；mood“情绪”。故选A。
16．B 根据语境可知，重回学校对于作者而言是一件兴奋的事，但这并不是个游戏。故选B。
17．B 据下文的“even if they were respectful”可推出，作者认为和孩子们坐在一起是尴尬的。available“可获得的”；awkward“令人尴尬的”；awesome“令人惊叹的”；awful“可怕的”。根据语境可知选B。
18．D 根据“encouraged me”和下文的“Together we made
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it”可推知，女儿鼓励作者不能放弃。miss“思念”；reject“拒绝接受”；resign“辞职”；quit“放弃”。故选D。
19．D 此处考查固定搭配。make it through，意为“成功渡过”。
20．A realize one's dream“实现某人的梦想”，符合语境。ambition“雄心”；plan“计划”；thought“想法”。
B
(2015·贵阳高三适应性监测二)
Once a young man, an itinerant(流动的) horse trainer’s son, was dreaming of owning a horse ranch(养马场) of his own though his family wasn’t rich.
When he was a senior, he was asked to write a__1__ about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up. That night he wrote a sevenpage paper __2__his goal.He wrote it in great __3__and he even drew a __4__ of a 200acre ranch, showing the location of all the buildings，the stables and the track.But two days later he __5__his paper back with a large red __6__ on the front page and a note that reads，“See me after __7__．”
The boy with the__8__went to see the teacher after class and asked, “Why did I get an F？”The teacher said，“This is an unrealistic dream for a __9__young boy like you.You come from an itinerant family with no resources.Owning a horse ranch __10__a lot of money.There’s no __11__you could ever do it.” Then the teacher added，“If you will __12__this paper with a more realistic goal，I will reconsider your grade.”
The boy went home and __13__about it long and hard.He asked his __14__what he should do.His father said，“Look, son, you have to __15__your own mind on this.However, I think it is a very important __16__for you.”
Finally, the boy turned in the same paper making no __17__at all.He stated，“You can keep the F and I’ll keep my dream.” Years later, the boy __18__his dream.
Later, his teacher admitted when seeing his ranch，“When I was your teacher，I was something of a dream __19__．During those years I stole a lot of kids’ dreams.Fortunately you had enough gumption(进取心) not to __20__yours.”
1.A.novel B．poem
C．paper D．letter
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2.A.recalling B．describing
C．seeking D．recognizing
3.A.detail B．total
C．need D．time
4.A.line B．signal
C．sign D．diagram
5.A.received B．posted
C．accepted D．brought
6.A.C B．D
C．E D．F
7.A.all B．noon
C．school D．class
8．A.dream B．picture
C．ranch D．pride
9.A.rich B．clever
C．poor D．kind
10.A.earns B．requires
C．wastes D．collects
11.A.point B．way
C．use D．idea
12.A.report B．explain
C．excuse D．rewrite
13.A.wrote B．thought
C．sighed D．laughed
14.A.mother B．teacher
C．father D．friend
15.A.make up B．look up
C．pick up D．close up
16.A.work B．reason
C．mind D．decision
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17.A.changes B．excuses
C．corrections D．marks
18.A.doubted B．realized
C．improved D．dreamed
19.A.maker B．helper
C．stealer D．promoter
20.A.step down into B．keep up with
C．look down upon D．give up on
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个出身贫寒的孩子梦想拥有自己的牧场。在一次完成老师布置的有关梦想的写作后，老师认为他的梦想不切实际而给予否定，而男孩却继续坚持自己的梦想，最终梦想成真。
1．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。根据本段第二句中“wrote a sevenpage paper”可知，男孩写了一篇长达七页的文章(paper)，由此可知，此处指老师要求他们写一篇文章。故答案选C。
2．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。recall意为“回忆”；describe意为“描述”；seek意为“寻找”；recognize意为“认出”。结合空格后“his goal”可知，此处指老师布置完写作任务后，当天晚上他写了一篇七页的文章来描述他的目标。故答案选B。
3．解析：选A。考查介词短语辨析。空格前的in与选项分别构成固定搭配。in detail意为“详细地”；in total意为“总计，合计”；in need意为“在危急中”；in time意为“及时”。男孩写了七页纸，且下文说他还配了图，所以此处应是十分详细。故答案选A。
4.解析：选D。考查名词辨析。line意为“线”；signal意为“信号”；sign意为“标志”；diagram意为“图”。根据空格前的动词drew以及空格后提到的各种关于牧场的信息可知，男孩给自己梦想的牧场画了一幅图。故答案选D。
5．解析：选A。考查动词辨析。receive意为“收到”；post意为“邮寄”；accept意为“接受”；bring意为“带来”。根据空格后“his paper back”可知，两天后，老师把学生们的作文批完发下来了，故男孩应该是拿到了自己的作文。故答案选A。
6.解析：选D。考查行文衔接。根据下文中“Why did I get an F？”可知，此处指男孩的作文得了F。故答案选D。
7．解析：选D。考查名词辨析。根据下文中“to see the teacher after class”可知，老师让男孩下课后去找他。故答案选D。
8．解析：选A。考查名词辨析。dream意为“梦想”；picture意为“图画”；ranch意为“大牧场”；pride意为“自豪”。“with the ______”作后置定语修饰“The boy”，根据所给选项并结合上文男孩梦想有自己的牧场可知，此处应指“怀揣梦想的男孩”。故A项正确。
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9．解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。根据文章第一段中“his family wasn’t rich”可知，男孩家境并不富裕，因此此处指老师说“对于你这样贫穷的孩子而言这是一个不切实际的梦想”。故答案选C。
10．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。earn意为“挣得”；require意为“需要”；waste意为“浪费”；collect意为“收集”。此处指老师向男孩解释拥有一个这么大的牧场需要很多钱。故答案选B。
11．解析：选B。考查名词辨析。空格前有no，与选项构成相关搭配。no point意为“没有意义”；no way意为“不可能”；no use意为“没用”；no idea意为“不清楚”。根据上文可知，老师认为男孩家境贫寒，拥有一个牧场需要很多钱，所以此处指男孩不可能实现他的梦想。故答案选B。
12．解析：选D。考查动词辨析。report意为“报告”；explain意为“解释”；excuse意为“找借口”；rewrite意为“重写”。上文提到男孩得了F，本句中老师说“I will reconsider your grade”，由此可知，老师的条件是如果男孩重写作业，换一个符合实际的理想，就会考虑重新给他(高一些的)分数。故答案选D。
13．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。write意为“写”；think意为“思考”；sigh意为“叹息”；laugh意为“笑”。结合空格后“long and hard”可知，回家后，男孩思考了很久。故答案选B。
14．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。结合下文中“His father said”可知，男孩询问了父亲的意见。故答案选C。
15．解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，父亲并未给出建议，而是让男孩自己拿主意。此处为“make up one’s (own) mind”固定搭配，意为“下决心”，符合语境。故答案选A。
16．解析：选D。考查名词辨析。work意为“工作”；reason意为“理由”；mind意为“想法”；decision意为“决定”。根据上一句中“______your own mind on this”可知，父亲虽然没有给出建议，但仍然告诉男孩这个决定很重要。故答案选D。
17．解析：选A。考查名词辨析。change意为“变化”；excuse意为“借口”；correction意为“修改，改正”；mark意为“分数”。根据上文“the boy turned in the same paper”可知，男孩交给老师的还是原来的那篇作文，没有任何变化。故答案选A。
18．解析：选B。考查动词辨析。根据下一段中的“when seeing his ranch”可知，此处指数年过去了，男孩实现了他的梦想。固定搭配realize one’s dream意为“实现梦想”，符合语境。故答案选B。
19．解析：选C。考查名词辨析。本句是老师的感叹与自责。根据下文中“During those years I stole a lot of kids’ dreams.”可知，此处老师说自己是梦想的“偷盗者”。故答案选C。
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20．解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。step down into意为“步入……”；keep up with意为“跟上，与……保持一致”；look down upon意为“小看，鄙视”；give up on意为“不再相信，放弃……”。结合语境可知，最后老师感叹，幸好男孩有足够的进取心，并没有放弃自己的梦想。故答案选D。
第二部分：短文语法填空
Everyone needs to know how to prevent a fire.It is also important to know what to do when it __1__(break)out.
Every year，over 11，000 people __2__(kill)or injured in house fires.These fires could have been avoided.Smokers who are __3__(care)cause about 200 deaths and over 6，000 fires.More than of those __4__ die in fires are poisoned or harmed by smoke.
If fire happens，do not attempt to fight the fire unless it is small.Try putting out a small fire with water.If __5__ fire has spread or if the flames are more than 20 inches high，shut the door on it.Warn everyone else in the building and tell them to get out.You should leave and dial 911 for the fire department.
Before __6__(go)into a room，check the door.If the handle or the door is hot，do not open it! Instead，put clothing or a wet towel at the bottom of it to keep smoke out.If the door is not hot，open it __7__(slow)．If there is a rush of smoke heat，close it again and shout to warn __8__(other)inside.
Now open the window and shout “Fire！”．See whether you can drop safely to the ground.Use this __9__ your escape course if you can.If you are not on ground level，break your fall by pushing a mat out first.Lower yourself at arm’s __10__(long) before dropping.Once outside，stay out outside and make sure the fire department is called.
【语篇导读】 本文主要讲了发生火灾时应注意的事项以及如何在火灾中逃生。
1．breaks [考查时态。有主句时态可知此处应用一般现在时，在it后面，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。break out为不及物动词短语，不用被动语态。]
2．are killed [考查被动语态。根据句意，每年有11 000个人在着火的房子中伤亡，所以填kill的被动形式，因为是陈述事实，所以be动词用现在时。]
3．careless [考查形容词。根据句意，吸烟者引发死伤和火灾，所以是粗心大意的吸烟者。]
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4．who [考查定语从句。由句子结构可知此处应填定语从句的引导词，先行词是人并在定语从句中作主语，所以用who。]
5．the [考查冠词。前文中提到了fire，所以在此处提到上文提到过的事物时，要用定冠词the，表示特指。]
6．going [考查动名词。此处的before是介词，介词后面的名词要用动名词形式。]
7．slowly [考查副词。open此处为动词，所以用副词形式slowly。]
8．others [考查代词。others：“其他人”，此处做warn的宾语，other为形容词，后必有名词。]
9．as [考查语境和介词。考查语境和介词。根据句意，在逃跑的过程中使用这个技能，此处as作为介词，有“作为”的意思。]
10．length [考查名词。空前的arm’s是物主代词，后面应该接名词，long的名词形式是length(长度)。]
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