伏龙初中2019中考英语阅读理解编习题（9）附答案
【能力选练】 A
（2019中考科普环保类选练）
The world is not only hungry but also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70%of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97%of that is sea water or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%of fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground and so on. And we can not even use all of that because some of it has been made dirty.
Earth Day is April 22. But on all other days, we must also remember how important water is. The water that we use is the most important natural resource on the earth. Today we face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too.
How do cars and factories make our water dirty? First they pollute the air. Then when it rains, the rain water makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain（酸雨）, is also bad for plants, animals and buildings. Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough dean water. We have to learn how to stop wasting water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water i~ used only once and then sere out into a sewer system（下水道）. From there it returns to the sea or goes underground.
But even though every large city reused its water, we would still not have enough. So we should make use of sea water by removing the salt in it. If we can take these steps, fresh water won't be used up.
1. The world is thirsty for water because______.
A．we don't have enough fresh water
B．a lot of water goes into sewer systems
C．only 70% of the earth's surface is water
D．sea water is widely used rather than fresh water
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2. The underlined word "face" means"______".
A．turn the face down B．turn the face up
C．turn the face to D．turn the face back
3. From this passage, we know acid rain________.
A．is only bad for living things
B．is not bad for buildings and factories
C．can be produced in factories
D．is bad for people, animals, plants and buildings
4. One difficult way we can solve the problem is to ______.
A．use the water with salt in it B．remove the salt from sea water
C．get water from underground D．reuse the water in cities
5. What is the best title for this passage?
A．Fresh water and sea water B．A thirsty country
C．The importance of water D．The world's water problem
参考答案ACDBD
【能力选练】 B
【****吉林省实验中学】( B )
The Internet is a big place and has lots of different kinds of information. Nobody has enough time to find something on the Internet. Yahoo gives us a lot of help.
Two Stanford University students Jerry Yang and David Filo started it in 1994. They made a list of their favorite web pages. When their list got bigger, they made a database
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(数据库) to keep a lot of information. They let everyone use it for free. Soon, thousands of people were using it.
Then they made a new kind of software（软件）. It could store much more information, and people can find information by using it. If you look for “animals”, it will give you a list of web pages with the word.
Yahoo became a public company in 1996. As the company grew, Yang and Filo went on working hard. They put more uses in the software, such as shopping and free e-mails. They started Yahoo in many different countries and in different languages.
Yahoo is famous on the Internet. It really makes money unlike（不像…）most other web companies.
根据短文内容选择正确答案。（5分）
( ) 76 Yahoo was started in 1994 by _________________.
A. Bill Gates B. two college students
C. American scientists D. thousands of people
( ) 77. After the company became bigger, Yang and Filo _____.
A. became lazy B. worked less
C. continued working hard D. stopped working
( ) 78. The passage doesn't tell us if we can _____by using the Yahoo software.
A. go shopping B. look for information
C. send and receive e-mails D. make telephone calls
( ) 79. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Yahoo is another name of Internet. B. Yahoo is a public company.
C. Yahoo doesn't offer free e-mail D. Yahoo is losing money.
( ) 80. What does the writer think of most other Internet companies?
A. They don't make much money. B. They are all famous.
C. They are just like Yahoo. D. They are better than Yahoo.
参考答案 76-80 BCDBA
【能力选练】 C
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【****北京】
My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we used 2 go 2 NY2C my bro, his GF&thr 3 ：－@ kids FTF. ILNY, its gr8.
Can you understand this sentence? If you can’t, don’t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: the language of computerized communication found on Internet of cellphones. To newcomers, it can look like a completely foreign language. So, what is the “translation” of the sentence above? My summer holidays were a complete waste of time. Before, we used to go to New York to see my brother, his girlfriend, and their three screaming kids face to face. I love New York; it’s great.
Schoolteachers and parents say this new form of writing is harming(破坏) the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students’ writing. They fear the language could become corrupted(面目全非的)．
Everyone should just relax, say linguists(语言学家). They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crystal, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. “People get better at writing by writing，” he says. “Kids who are now doing text messaging, email, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.
Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today’s teenagers become tomorrow’s parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”； they simply change to meet the new needs.
However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, “I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and it’s important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.”
Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, “I wouldn’t use text language in my homework. Texting is just for fun.”
( )1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To give an example of a foreign language.
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B. To show an example of creative methods.
C. To express worries about using Netspeak.
D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.
( )2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Cynthia McVey points out teenagers can deal with Netspeak properly.
B. Geoffrey Nunberg believes Netspeakers can write Standard English.
C. David Crystal thinks Netspeak helps develop the habit of writing.
D. James Milroy says that language is changing and improving.
( )3. The expression “bet your bottom dollar” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A. be fairly sure
B. be greatly surprised
C. think it a pity
D. find it interesting
( )4. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Netspeak: A WidelyUsed Language on Internet
B. Is Netspeak Harming the English Language?
C. Is Netspeak Helpful in the English Language?
D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages
语篇解读：要把这篇文章完全读明白是需要一定功底和阅读技巧的。它的难点就在于众多不认识的人名会干扰阅读，另外这些人的言论都是不一样的，需要考生自己提炼作者的态度。
1. D。推理判断题。在审题过程中需要注意的是main purpose而不是 main idea ，第一段就一句话，而且是让人咋看一头雾水的句子，这样的句子用在开头，很明显是为了引出下文。或者大家可以运用排除法，文章主要对象是Netspeak ，而A，B两项没有提到 netspeak，故排除，又因为C选项在感情色彩上是负面，与原文感情色彩相违背，故选D。
2. C。判断正误题，也叫做细节推断题，解题方法依据选项中的人物专有名词来定位找要点，A 定位词为CM在原文倒数第二个自然段出现，其中引号的句子中用了worries 与答案中的properly 相反，所以排除；B定位词为GN和Standard English，文中出现Standard English是在倒数第二个自然段与CM相关的信息，所以此选项为典型的张冠李戴；D选项为片面的夸大其辞，文章层面只能看到language is changing 而没有任何细节提到improving，所以根据文章第四自然段可以推断出C为正确选项。
3. A。概括归纳题。本题为短语推断题，解题方法：结合上下文逻辑关系，上文提到年轻人会harming 语言，下文接着说当他们成为父母后，“they too will think this way.(他们也会这么想)”，那么中间空出一定是强调，并突显出下文，那么最满足条件的解释是A选项。
4.
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B。概括归纳题。结合专家的观点，从引号中的句子我们可以断定，全文的中心思想是为了突显出Netspeak的好。A选项文章没有突显出widelyused；C选项没有重点提及到language learning；文章观点很鲜明，并不是D选项正反观点的论证。故选B。
【能力选练】 D
左栏是五个人物喜欢阅读的书本的介绍，右栏是七位作家的描述。请将左栏的人物与右栏他们会感兴趣的作家进行配对。
( ) 11. Mandy loves picture books. She dreams of being a writer of picture books one day, so after work, she often reads picture books from famous writers to get more ideas.
( ) 12. Peter is studying science. He is very interested in the universe (宇宙) and likes reading science fictions in his free time.
( ) 13. Mark enjoys writing. His favorite writer is Lu Xun. He likes reading books written by Lu Xun and wants to be a good writer like him some day.
( ) 14. Sarah is an office worker. She is busy every day.But when she is free, she spends her free time reading love stories to relax herself.
A. Arthur Charles Clarke is one of the world's best writers of science fiction. His famous books are A Space Odyssey, Islands in the Sky and The City and the Stars.They tell us a lot about the universe.
B. B. J. K Rowling is a British children's writer. Her best famous books are the Harry Potter books series. They are very popular with children and become the bestselling book series in history.
C. Lu Xun was one of the most famous Chinese writers in the 20th century. He was known as the father of modern Chinese literature (文学). Some of his novels were made into films such as The True Story of AH Q.
D. Qiong Yao is one of the most famous writers of romantic novels in Taiwan. There are a lot of beautiful love stories in her novels.
E. Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize for literature. In his writing, he describes his life experiences in the place where he was born.
F. Guo Jingming is one of the most famous modern writers. His novels are very popular among the young and his novel Tiny Times is made into movies and becomes a big success.
G. Jimmy is the best selling writer of picture books.
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( )15. Steve hopes to be a famous writer in the future. Every night before going to bed, he likes reading some famous books, especially the books written by Mo Yan.
He has created many famous picture books and one of the best selling books is Turn Left and Turn Right.
参考答案11～15 G A C D E
【能力选练】 E
（选自2016中考训练）阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案，
Are you shy？If you are，you are not alone．In fact，close to 50percent of people are shy．Almost 80percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives．These days，shyness is becoming more and more common．Now，scientists are trying to understand shyness．They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy．
Is it possible to be born shy？Many scientists say yes．They say 15to 20percent of babies behave shyly．These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies．Interestingly，these shy babies usually have shy parents．As a result，scientists think that some shyness is genetic．
Family size might cause people to be shy as well．Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children．They found that 66percent of them had older brothers and sisters．As a result，they became shy．At the same time，children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well．Growing up alone，they often play by themselves．They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families．
You may also be shy because of where you were born．When scientists studied shyness in different countries．They found surprising differences．In Japan，most people said they were shy．But in Israel，only one of three people said so．What explains the difference？One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure．In Japan，when people do not succeed，they feel bad about themselves．They blame（责备）themselves for their failure．In Israel，the opposite is true．Israelis
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often blame failure on outside reasons，such as family，teachers，friends，or bad luck．In Israel，freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported．This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy．
For shy people，it can be difficult to make friends，speak in class，and even get a good job．But scientists say you can get over your shyness．They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation．And don’t forget﹣﹣﹣if you are shy，you are not the only one．
50．What is the passage mainly about？ B
A．Happiness． B．Shyness． C．Kindness． D．loneliness．
51．What does the underlined word“genetic”in paragraph 2probably mean？ A
A．Passed down from parents． B．Learned from friends．
C．Taught by teachers． D．Made up by brothers．
52．What can be learned from the passage？ C
A．Most little babies are born shy and quiet．
B．If you are shy now，you will be shy forever．
C．Many shy children have older brothers and sisters．
D．Most Israeli people are shy of expressing opinions．
53．We can learn from the passage that B may cause shyness．
A．genetics，grown﹣﹣ups and birthplace B．genetics，family size and birthplace
C．family size，grown﹣﹣ups and failure D．genetics，family size and freedom
54．Scientists suggest that shy people can get over their shyness by B ．
A．blaming their failure on outside reasons
B．trying new things and practicing conversation
C．getting themselves away from their shy parents
D．trying to understand reasons for their shyness
55．Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage？（P=Paragraph） A
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【考点】科普知识类阅读．
【分析】翻译：你害羞吗？如果是，不止你一个．事实上，接近50%人害羞．几乎80%的人在他们的生活中感到害羞，现在，害羞越来越普遍．科学家们正在试图理解害羞．他们有一些有趣的想法为什么人很害羞．
它可能是出生就害羞？许多科学家说，他们说是的，百分之十五到百分之二十的婴儿表现出害羞．这些婴儿比其他婴儿安静一点、更警惕．有趣的是，这些害羞的孩子通常有害羞的父母．因此，科学家们认为有些害羞是遗传．
家庭成员的数量可能使人害羞．科学家在哈佛大学研究害羞的孩子．他们发现百分之六十六的有兄弟姐妹的孩子．他们变得害羞．同时，没有兄弟姐妹的孩子，也害羞．他们独自成长，他们经常自己玩．来自大家庭的孩子他们不能够学到同样的社会技能．
你可能也会因为你的出生地而害羞，科学家们研究在不同的国家害羞．他们发现了惊人的差异．在日本，大多数人说他们很害羞．但在以色列，只有三分之一的人这么说．为什么会有这样的区别？一位科学家说，日本和以色列对失败有不同意见．在日本，当人们不成功，他们自我感觉不好．他们责备他们自己的失败．在以色列，恰恰相反．以色列人常常把自己的失败归咎于外部原因，如家庭，朋友，老师，或者运气不好．在以色列，自由的观点和冒险的精神强烈支持着他们．这可能是为什么以色列人并不担心失败而不害羞．
对于害羞的人来说，交朋友，在课堂上演讲，甚至得到一份好工作，都是很难的，但科学家说你可以克服你的羞怯，他们建议尝试新事物，练习对话，不要忘记﹣﹣﹣如果你是害羞的，你不是唯一的一个．
【解答】50．B．文章第一句话就问道“你害羞吗？如果是，那么你不是一个人”接着文章介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因，最后说害羞虽然有很多害处，但是可以改变的．所以本文讲的主要是害羞．故选B．
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51．A．前文说到Interestingly，these shy babies usually have shy parents．As a result 有趣的是，这些害羞的婴儿通常有害羞的父母，由此判断“genetic”意为从父母传下来的基因．故选A．
52．C．文章第三段中提到They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters．害羞的孩子中百分之六十六有哥哥或者姐姐．文章中说有些孩子生下来会害羞和安静，但不是大部分，排除A；害羞是可以改变的，排除B；以色列人表达观点更自由更大胆，而不是更害羞，排除D；故选C．
53．B．文章的二三四段，分别介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因．分别是：基因、家庭人数和出生地，故选B．
54．B．文章最后一段说到They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation．他们建议尝试新事物，练习交谈，这样可以改变害羞的性格．故选B．
55．A．文章第一段引出本文讲述的主题：害羞，接着二三四段分别介绍了可能导致害羞的三个原因，分别是：基因、家庭人数和出生地，最后一段总结了害羞的害处和改变这种性格的办法．所以是总分总的结构．故选A．
【点评】首先理解问题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的句子，并理解大意，最后仔细斟酌，找出答案．，并核对．
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