专题十一 动词及动词短语辨析
1. (2018福建A卷33.) Grandma wants to watch the program Legal Report. Please ______ the TV.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down
2. （2018菏泽26.）The Boeing 737 0f Cuba airline crashed（坠毁） in Havana on May 18, 2018, which ___more than 100 deaths.
A. caused B. influenced C. forced
3. （2018菏泽29.）During the Spring Festival, the young ____kowtow《磕头》to the elders, but now they only give them best wishes.
A. used to give B. were used to give C. were used to giving
4. (2018·山西23.) If a student is able to _______ somebody else what he’s learnt from textbooks, it shows he’s understood it well.
A. post B. lend C. teach
5. (2018·山西29.) Nowadays China has made great achievements in many fields. We really ______ our amazing China.
A. take pride in B. take care of C. take an interest in
6. (2018·襄阳31.)—Mom, can I leave the chores till tomorrow?
—I’m afraid not. You can’t _______today’s work till tomorrow.
A. put off B. turn down C. give away D. look up
7. (2018·襄阳27.)—Is your brother at home? I want to tell him about our picnic.
—Oh, he is out at the moment. Can I a message for him?
A. find B. give C. take D. tell
8. (2018·襄阳28.)—China has _______great progress in the fight against poverty(贫困) in the past five years.
—That’s true. The government has helped more than 68 million people get out of poverty.
A. done B. made C. offered D. caught
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9. (2018·新疆30.)—Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?
—Thank you. It _______ me 30 dollars.
A. spend B. paid C. cost D. take
10. (2018·新疆31.) —Jim, it’s dark now. Please _______ the light in the room.
—OK, mum.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn off D. turn down
11. (2018福建A卷22.) —Do you enjoy Chinese Folk Songs?
—Yes, the folk songs _______ nice.
A. sound B. smell C. look
12. （2018·广东深圳14.） —Jack __ to help at the underground station on Saturdays.
—Cool! Let's join him next Saturday.
A. offers B. refuses C forgets
13. （2018·广东深圳15.）— Have you noticed that Anna's spoken English is greatly improved?
—Yes, she sets us a good example. Hard work always______.
A. makes a deal B. makes a difference C. makes a problem
14. (2018•河南中考32.) —Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
—Pay no attention to him. He is just _____
A. taking off B. showing off C. driving off D. setting off
15. (2018•河南中考26.) —Hey, Jeremy. Tony and I want to _____ the new Italian restaurant tonight. Come with us!
—Why not?
A. try B. taste C. choose D. search
16. (2018·河北32.)Can you help me ______ the pen? It’s under your chair.
A. ask for B. look for C. pick up D. put up
17. (2018·滨州28.)People now in many big cities have to __________ early to avoid the heavy traffic in the morning.
A. set out B. put out C. take out D. give
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out
18. (2018·东营21.) The 119 passengers are ________ Liu Chuanjian. Without him, they would probably have lost their lives.
A. hard on B. thankful to C. friendly to D. responsible for
19. (2018·东营22.) —I’ve tried hard at my school work but still ________ .
— Don’t be upset. Sometimes losing is only a sign that you really tried.
A. failed B. worried C. improved D. succeeded
20. (2018·东营26.) —The government is trying to protect the environment now.
—Yeah. It is reported that some factories will be ______ soon.
A. set up B. shut off C. given up D. turned off
21. (2018·东营27.) Because it might encourage teenagers to try smoking, Sina Weibo ______ the “smoking” emoji .
A. cut up B. took down C. gave away D. found out
22. (2018·东营29.) —Jack, the Maldives (马尔代夫) may _______ because of the rising sea levels.
—God! We must do something to stop that happening.
A. rise B. move C. grow D. disappear
23. (2018潍坊26.)The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be________ on the website.
A. put away B. put off C. put up D. put on
24. (2018·达州27.)—Have you heard of the big fire that broke out at Hao Yixing Clothes Market on June 2nd?
—Yes.Luckily,hundreds of firemen immediately drove there and ______ the fire.
A.put off B.put away C.put down D.put out
25. (2018·南充25.)—Do you think it is popular to red envelops(红包) on Wechat during festivals?
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to family members.
A. give out B. give away C. give back D. give up
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26.（2018·青岛中考9.）— I can’t find my mobile phone.
— Don’t worry. Maybe you ______ it at home.
A. forgot B. missed C. lost D. left
27. （2018·青岛中考12.）Larry hopes ______ his English, so he keeps practicing it every day.
A. to solve B. solving C. to improve D. improving
28. （2018·青岛中考14.）— It’s time to work now.
— OK. I’ll wake Carl up. He ______ for an hour.
A. has fallen asleep B. has been asleep C. fell asleep D. falls asleep
29. (2018·安徽34.)—I’m afraid I might forget to buy the bread after work.
—Don’t worry. I will ______ you then.
A. notice B. allow C. remind D. promise
30. (2018·安徽37.)Some animals can ________ the color around to protect themselves.
A. take on B. give up C. put away D. see off
31. (2018·临沂26.) A primary school in England has ______ signs at its three entrances (入口), saying: Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.
A. put into B. put off
C. put on D. put up
32. （2018·德阳28.） —Could you please help me the picture on the wall?
—OK, no problem.
A. put up B. put on C.put off D. put out
33. (2018·乐山34.)— The jeans are very nice. I’ll take them.
— You’d better ______ first. I’m afraid the size is a bit small for you.
A. pay for them B. take them off C. try them on
34. (2018·宜宾中考27.)My sister _______ be lazy. But now she’s working really hard.
A. used to B. is used to C. was used to
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35. (2018·天津23.)I am afraid we can not ________ to take a taxi. Let’s go by underground instead.
A. refuse B. afford C. forget D. fall
36. (2018·天津26.) Mum asked me to_________ for dinner.
A. lay the table B. go to sleep C. keep a diary D. take a vacation
37. （2018·重庆B卷28.）Please _____ the TV. It’s time to go to bed.
A. turn on B. turn off C. put on D. put off
38. （2018·重庆B卷29.）Their parents don’t allow them _____ in the river because it’s really dangerous.
A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam
39. (2018·苏州7.) —What do you think of Jason?
—He has me with his good sense of humor.
A. impressed B. admired C reminded D warned
40. (2018·苏州11.) —Little Jenny looks unhappy today.
—Don't worry. A box of chocolates will her .
A give, up B. wake, up C. cheer, up D. pick, up
41. （2018 ·凉山41.）--Can you help me meet my friend Steve at the airport, Joe?
--With pleasure. What does he look like?
--He of medium height and he small eyes.
A. has; has B.is; is C. has; is D. is; has
42. (2018·武汉中考37.) —He said he wanted to own a big farm.
—Who ______what he says? He is such a big mouth.
A. knows B. wonders C. cares D. remembers
43. (2018·武汉中考38.) I took the subway and at the downtown station.
A. got through B. got over C. got on D. got off
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参考答案
1. B 考查固定短语辨析。句意：奶奶想看《今日说法》这个节目，请打开电视。turn off关闭，turn on打开，turn down调低。由句意可知，奶奶想看电视，因此需要打开电视。故选B。
2. A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：2018年5月18日，古巴航空波音737客机坠毁，造成100多人死亡。caused造成；influenced影响；forced强迫。分析句意可推知：客机坠毁造成100多人死亡，故选A。
3. A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：春节期间，年轻人过去常常给长辈们磕头，但现在他们仅仅是送去美好祝福。used to do sth 过去经常做某事；be used to do sth 被用来做某事；be used to doing sth 习惯做某事；根据语境可知是过去经常磕头，现在不这样做了。故选A。
4. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果一个学生能够把他从课本上学到的东西教给其他的人，这就显示他已经理解得很好了。post邮寄；lend借出；teach教。课本上的所学的东西可以教给别人，一般不用来邮寄或转借。故选 C。
5. A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如今中国在很多领域都取得了巨大的成就，我们真的为我们伟大的国家而骄傲。take pride in为……感到自豪；take care of照顾，照看；take an interest in对……感兴趣。根据第一句话表达中国取得的成就，很自然地我们会因它而骄傲；故选 A。
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6. A 考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：——妈妈，我可以把家务放到明天做吗？——我想恐怕不行。你不能把今天的工作推迟到明天。put off 推迟；turn down 调低；拒绝；give away 赠送；look up 抬头；查阅。今天的事明天做，应该是“推迟”。故选A。
7. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：——你的弟弟在家吗？我想告诉他有关我们野餐的事。——哦，他此刻出去了。我可以给他捎个口信吗？find发现；give 给；给予；take 拿；取；tell 告诉；讲。由前句不在可推测，此处考查固定短语take a message “捎个口信”。故选C。
8. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：——在过去五年，中国在治理贫困方面取得了巨大进步。——是的，我们政府已经帮助68, 000,000人们克服贫穷。由后句的成就可知，这是我们取得的进步，及固定短语：make progress。故选B。
9. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：—哇，你的毛衣很漂亮！多少钱？—谢谢你。它花了我30美元。spend表示某人花费多少时间或金钱做某事，结构为Sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth./on sth.；paid表示某人为某物而付款，结构为Sb. pays (some money) for sth.；cost表示某物价值多少钱或某物花费某人多少钱，结构为Sth. costs (sb.) some money；take表示某人花费多少时间做某事，结构为It takes sb. some time to do sth. 由空格后面的me 30 dollars及主语it可知答案为C。
10. A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：—Jim，现在天黑了。请打开房间里的灯。—好的，妈妈。由前句Jim, it’s dark now.及常识可推知，天黑了，需要打开房间里的灯。turn on打开；turn up调高；turn off关闭；turn down调低。故选A。
11. A 考查感官动词辨析。句意：—你喜欢中国民歌吗？—是的，民歌听起来不错。欣赏歌曲需要用耳朵听，sound 听起来，smell闻起来，look看起来。故选A。
12. A 考查动词的用法辨析。句意：——杰克每周六主动到地铁站帮忙(做义工)。——太棒了，下周六让我们也加入吧。 A选项表示“主动提供”; B选项表示“拒绝”; C选项表示‘忘记;遗忘”。原题题意为:杰克每周六主动到地铁站帮忙(做义工)。根据题意选择A。
13. B 考查短语辨析。句意： ——你有注意到安娜的口语大幅度提高了吗? ——是的，她给我们树立了好榜样。勤奋刻苦总能带来改变。A项表示“达成协议”; B项表示“对....同/有影响/有改变/有重要作用;C项表示“制造问题”。根据句意选择B。
14. B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。——杰克见人就说他买了一辆新车。——别理他。他只是在炫耀。take off起飞；show off 炫耀；drive off赶走，击退；set off出发；开始。根据句意选B。
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A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——嗨,杰米。托尼和我今晚想去那家新开的意大利餐馆试试。和我们一起来吧!——为什么不呢？try尝试；taste品尝，尝起来，后面多跟食物；choose选择；search搜寻。结合句意及用法选A。
16. C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：你能帮助我拾起那钢笔吗？它在你的椅子底下。ask for请求；look for寻找；pick up拾起；put up举起，张贴。根据后一句句意可知，空白处应用pick up表示“捡起”。故选C。
17. A 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：现在住在大城市的人们必须及早出发，以避免早上的交通高峰。set out 出发，开始；put out熄灭，扑灭；take out 把……倒出；取出；give out分发；发出。由严重交通可推测，应该与行为有关。故选A。
18. C【解析】考查动词短语的用法辨析。句意：(飞机上的)119名乘客都对(飞机长)刘传建________。没有他，他们将都或许已经丧失了生命。be hard on“对……苛刻”；be thankful to“对……充满感激”；be friendly to“对……友好”；be responsible for“对……负责任”。根据后面的假设“Without him, they would probably have lost their lives”可知：乘客应该对这位英雄机长表示感激。故选D。
19. A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——我已经努力学习我的功课，但是仍然_______。——不要灰心难过。有时失败只是你真正尽力的一个标志。fail失败；worry担心；improve提高；succeed成功。由“Don’t be upset”可知是指“尽管尽力了，仍然没有成功”。故选A。
20. B 【解析】考查动词短语的用法辨析。句意：——现在政府正在尽力保护环境。——是的。据报道说一些工厂将很快被关闭。set up“建立”；shut off“停止；关闭”；give up“放弃”；turn off“关闭(电源等)”。由“protect the environment”可知是指“关停工厂”。故选B。
21. B【解析】考查动词短语的用法辨析。句意：因为这个标志可能会误导青少年尝试吸烟。新浪微博_________ 用这个表情符号表示“吸烟”。cut up“切碎”；take down“拆卸；撤掉”；give away“泄露”；find out“弄清楚，搞明白”。由“might encourage teenagers to try smoking”可知是指“撤掉下来”这个标志。故选B。
22. D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——杰克，因为海平面不断上升，马尔代夫可能会________。——天哪！我们必须采取措施来阻止那种情况的发生。rise上升；move移动；grow增长；disappear消失。由“the rising sea levels”可知是指沿海国马尔代夫可能会“消失”。故选D。
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C 【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：在比赛中获得一等奖的照片将张贴在网站上。put off推迟，拖延；put away收起来，放好；put on 穿上；put up张贴，建造。主语“照片”提示和动词短语put up构成被动关系，“张贴照片”符合句意，故选C。
24. D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你听说了6月2日发生在宜兴宜兴服装市场的大火了吗？——是的。幸运的是，数百名消防员立刻开车赶到那里____大火。put off推迟； put away放好，收起来；put down放下；put out扑灭。 根据语境可知，消防员及时赶来，扑灭了大伙。故选D。
25. A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。give out“分发”；give away“赠送”；give back“归还”；give up“放弃”。句意：—你认为节日期间微信发红包很流行吗？—是的。但我更喜欢给家人礼物。结合句意，故选A。
26. D【解析】考查动词的用法辨析。句意:——我找不到我的手机了。——别担心。或许你把它落在家里了。由答语中at home可知，手机落在家里了，因此用left it at home； 而forgot表示“忘记……”时不能与表示地点的词语连用；missed“错过”；lost“丢失”均与此处语境不符。故选D。
27. C【解析】考查动词的用法辨析。句意:拉里希望提高他的英语水平，因此他每天坚持练习。hope的用法是后面接to do不定式做宾语，所以排除B和 D两项;根据句意可知“提高英语水平”，所以用“improve”。故选C。
28. B【解析】考查延续性动词的用法。句意:——现在工作时间到了。——好的，我把卡尔叫醒。他已经睡了一个小时了。fall asleep“入睡，睡着”是非延续性动词词组，需转换成be asleep。由于句中“for an hour”是指一段时间，动词要用延续性动词词组has been asleep。故选B。
29. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：——恐怕在下班后我会忘记买面包。——别担心。我到时会提醒你的。notice通知；allow允许；remind提醒；promise发誓。根据语境知选C。
30. A 考查动词短语辨析。take on穿上，呈现；give up放弃；put away收拾；see off告别。根据选项理解句意：一些动物呈现周围的颜色，目的是为了保护自己。故选A。
31. D 考查动词短语辨析。句意：英国的一所小学在它的三个入口处已经张贴了指示牌，上面写着：笑迎你的孩子，而不是盯着你的手机。表示“张贴”，应用put up。故选D。
32. A 考查动词辨析。句意：——请问你能帮我在墙上挂一幅画吗？——好的，没问题。put up张贴，挂起；put on穿上，增重；put off推迟；put out扑灭，根据地点状语on the wall可知用put up和picture构成动宾短语，表示“挂起图画”，故答案选A。
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33. C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：— 这条牛仔裤很漂亮。我就买它们。— 你最好先试穿一下。恐怕这个尺寸对你来说有点小。pay for 为……而付款，take off脱下，try on试穿。根据句意可知，故选C。
34. A. 考查used to结构。used to 表示“过去常常做某事”；be used to 意为“习惯于……”；句意：我妹妹过去很懒，但是现在她学习真的很努力。
35. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐怕打车去我们支付不起，咱们改坐地铁吧。Refuse意为“拒绝”，afford意为“买得起；担负得起”，forget意为“忘记”，fall意为“摔倒”；根据句意分析可知应该用afford to do sth.，意为“支付得起做某事”。故选B。
36. A【解析】考查动词短语的词义辨析。句意：妈妈叫我摆好饭桌准备吃饭。lay the table表示“摆好饭桌，摆好餐具”，go to sleep表示“去睡觉”， keep a diary表示“记日记”，take a vacation表示“去度假”。根据后半句for dinner可以理解是为了开饭要先摆好饭桌，须用lay the table。故选A。
37. B 考查动词短语。句意：请关掉电视，该睡觉了。”turn on”打开、”turn off”关掉、”put on”穿上、”put off”推迟，根据下文”go to bed”可知，此处指关掉电视，故选B。
38. C 考查动词的用法。句意：他们的妈妈不允许他们在河里游泳，因为这非常危险。”allow sb to do sth”是固定搭配，表示允许某人做某事，故选C.
39. A 考查动词用法辨析。句意：—你觉得杰森怎么样？—他的幽默感给我留下了深刻的印象。impress给…以深刻印象，admire钦佩，remind使想起，warn警告。根据句意可知，他的幽默感应该是“留下印象”。故选A。
40. C 考查动词短语用法辨析。句意：——小珍妮今天看起来不高兴。——别担心。一盒巧克力会让她高兴起来。give up放弃，wake up叫醒，cheer up使高兴，pick up捡起。根据句意可知，珍妮不开心，应使她高兴起来。故选C。
41. D 考查动词辨析。句意：——你能帮我到机场接我的朋友史蒂夫,乔? ——很乐意。他长什么样? ——他中等个，有两只小眼睛。表中等身材或中等高度，用be +of + medium/height；表有什么样的特征用have + adj. + eyes/ears/mouth等,故答案选D。
42. C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——他说他想有个有一个大农场。——谁在乎他说什么？他就是个大嘴巴。know“知道”；wonder“想知道”；care“在乎”
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；remember“记住”。根据句意，故选C。
43. D【解析】考查短语动词词义辨析。句意：——我乘坐地铁在市中心站下车。get through“通过”；get over“克服困难”； get on“上车”； get off“下车”。根据句意，故选D。
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