第20课 九年级 Units 11—12
课前预热
中考词汇拓展
重点易错单词
1. friendship 友谊;友情
2. king 国王;君主
3. pale 苍白的;灰白的
4. queen 王后;女王
5. palace 王宫;宫殿
6. wealth 财富
7. grey 灰色的
8. shoulder 肩膀
9. goal 球门;射门;目标
10. besides 而且;除……之外还……
11. courage 勇敢;勇气
12. pull 拉;拖
13. backpack 背包;旅行包
14. block 街区
15. worker 工人;工作者
16. above 在……上面;在上面
17. alive 活着;有生气的
18. airport 机场
19. till 到;直到
20. market 市场;集市
21. fool 傻瓜;愚弄
22. cancel 取消;终止
23. officer 军官
24. disappear 消失;不见
词汇拓展
1. friend(n.)→ friendly (adj.)友好的
→ friendship (n.)友谊;友情
2. power(n.)→ powerful (adj.)强大的;有影响力的
3. bank(n.)→ banker (n.)银行家
4. exam(n.)→ examine (v.)(仔细地)检
13. expect(v.)→ expected (adj.)预期要发生的;期待中的
→ unexpected (adj.)出乎意料的;始料不及的
→ unexpectedly (adv.)出乎意料地
14. work(v.)→ worker (n.)工作者;工人
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查;检验
5. wealth(n.)→ wealthy (adj.)富有的
6. comfort(v.)→ comfortable (adj.)使人舒服的;舒适的
→ uncomfortable (adj.)使人不舒服的;令人不舒适的
7. weigh(v.)→ weight (n.)重量;体重
8. nod(v.)→ nodded (过去式/过去分词)
→ nodding (现在分词)点头
9. agree(v.)→ agreement (n.)(意见或看法)一致;同意
10. disappoint(v.)→ disappointment (n.)失望;沮丧
→ disappointing (adj.)令人失望的
→ disappointed (adj.)感到失望的
11. oversleep(v.)→ overslept (过去式/过去分词)睡过头;睡得太久
12. ring(v.)→ rang (过去式)
→ rung (过去分词)(钟、铃等)鸣;响
15. burn(v.)→ burned/burnt (过去式/过去分词)
→ burning (现在分词)着火;燃烧
16. west(adj. & adv.)→ Western (adj.)西方的,在西方的
17. discover(v.)→ discovery (n.)发现
18. office(n.)→ officer (n.)军官;官员
→ official (adj.)官方的;正式的
19. believe(v.)→ believable (adj.)可相信的;可信任的
→ unbelievable (adj.)不可相信的
→ disbelief (n.)不信;怀疑
20. appear(v.)→ disappear (反义词)消失
→ appearance (n.)出现;露面;外貌
21. embarrassed(adj.)→ embarrassing (adj.)令人害羞的
22. lady(n.)→ ladies (pl.)女士
23. coach(n.)→ coaches (pl.)教练;私人教师
24. fame(n.)→ famous (adj.)著名的
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中考词组短语
词 组
1. the more...the more... 越……越……
2. be friends with sb. 是某人的朋友
3. neither...nor... 既不……也不……
4. to start with起初
5. let...down使……失望
6. kick sb. off开除某人
7. rather than而不是
8. show up露面
9. be sold out被卖完
10. have a lot in common有很多相同之处
11. explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事
12. take one’s position取代某人的职位
13. in three days’ time在3天的时间内
14. on one’s shoulders在某人的肩膀上
15. miss doing... 错过做……
16. walk through the door走过门
17. hear sb. knocking on the door 听到有人敲门
18. learn from mistakes从错误中吸取教训
20. in one’s heart在某人心中
21. be close to winning the game接近赢得比赛
22. to his surprise and relief使他惊讶和释怀的是
23. nod in agreement点头赞同
24. leave sth. at sp. 把某东西落在某地
25. be late for class上课迟到
26. put on穿上
27. arrive at... 到达……
28. wait in line排队等候
29. stare at sth. in disbelief不相信地盯着某物看
30. jump out of bed跳出床
31. get dressed穿好衣服
32. on April Fool’s Day在愚人节
33. be fooled by others被他人愚弄
34. lose weight减肥
35. be canceled被取消
36. spread across the whole country在整个国家
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19. with courage带着勇气
传播
37. thousands of数以千计的
中考句型回顾
书面表达素材
1. 感受、情绪调节
①Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy . 等待艾米使蒂娜发疯。
②Whatever it was, don’t be too hard on yourself .
不管(结果)怎样,不要对自己要求太苛刻。
③You should learn to relax and not put so much pressure on yourself.
你应该学会放松,不应该把太多的压力压在自己身上。
④Then she won’t feel left out . 那她就不会感觉自己被忽略了。
⑤He slept badly and didn’t feel like eating. 他睡得不好,也不想吃东西。
⑥But I think if we continue to pull together , we’re going to win the next one.
但我觉得,只要我们坚持齐心协力,下次一定会赢。
2. 写人记事
①It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds of tricks and jokes on each other.
每年的4月1日,当日很多人会互相作弄对方和开对方玩笑。
②Luckily, Carl’s dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car.
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幸运的是,卡尔的父亲在街上看见了我,用车载了我一程。
③My bad luck had unexpectedly turned into a good thing.
我的坏运气出乎意料地变成了一件好事。
语法精萃
① When/By the time I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
当我到学校时,我意识到我把书包忘家里了。(过去完成时)
② Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left .
在我到车站之前,公交车已经离开了。(过去完成时)
③I was about to go up to my office when I decided to get a coffee first.
当我即将上楼去办公室时,我突然决定先去喝杯咖啡。(时间状语从句)
④ As I was waiting in line, I heard a loud sound.
当我正在排队等候时,我听到一声巨响。(时间状语从句)
⑤Money and fame don’t always make people happy .
金钱和名誉并不总能使人们开心。(make sb.+adj.)
⑥The sad movie made her cry .
那部悲伤的电影使她哭了。(make sb. do)
课堂突破
中考重点单词与短语
一、would rather do sth. than do sth. 的用法
【例句展示】
1. You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party.
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你也宁愿待在家里读一本好书,也不愿意去参加聚会。
2. Linda would rather have a cold than wear thick clothes.
琳达宁愿感冒也不愿意穿厚衣服。
3. The children would rather buy books than snacks.
这些孩子宁愿买书也不愿买零食。
【精讲辨析】
由例句1、2可知,would rather do sth. than do sth.是一个固定结构,连接两个动词原形,意为“宁愿……(也)不愿……;与其……不如……”。由例句3可知,当该结构前后连接的是同一个动词时,后面的动词可以省略。would...rather than也是此意。
【活学活用】
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
我宁愿做家务也不愿玩电脑游戏。
I__________ some housework than__________ computer games.
二、help的用法
【例句展示】
1. He needs some help. 他需要一些帮助。
2. They help with the housework and do most unpleasant jobs.
他们帮助做家务并且做大部分令人讨厌的工作。
3. With the help of our teachers, we try our best to deal with each challenge in our education.
在老师的帮助下,我们尽力处理我们学业中的每一个挑战。
【精讲辨析】
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help可作名词或动词,意为“帮助”。
相关短语:help sb. (to) do sth.=help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事;help a lot(=be helpful)帮助很大;with one’s help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助之下;help out帮助走出困境。
【活学活用】
用适当的词填空。
1. He often helps me__________ my English.
2.__________ her help, I finished the work successfully.
3. They want to help the boy__________ the heavy box.
4. Reading good books is__________ to us.
三、work的用法
【例句展示】
Working on the farm is hard work.
在农场工作是艰辛的工作。
【精讲辨析】
work既可作名词,也可作动词,作名词时为不可数名词,常用于以下结构:work as做……(工作);work on从事;at work在工作。它的另一个变化形式是hard-working,意为“用功的”。而另一个表示“工作”的名词是job,是可数名词。
【活学活用】
用适当的词填空。
1. He works__________ a reporter.
2. He is working__________ a new book.
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3. Mr. Wang is__________ work.
4. He is a__________ boy.
四、neither...nor...的用法
【例句展示】
1. Neither medicine nor rest can help him.
药物和休息都不能帮助他。
2. It’s neither too cold nor too hot in Hong Kong.
香港天气既不太冷也不太热。
3. Neither my father nor my mother is interested in dancing.
我的爸爸和妈妈对舞蹈都不感兴趣。
4. Neither Jim nor I am reading English.
吉姆和我都没在读英语。
5. Neither Jim nor I are reading English.
吉姆和我都没在读英语。
【精讲辨析】
1. neither...nor...用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词,用于否定两者,意为“既不……也不……;……和……都不”。
2. 若连接的两个成分作主语,其谓语的单复数通常与靠近的主语单复数保持一致,如例3、例4。但在非正式文体中也可用复数,如例5。
【活学活用】
用适当的词填空。
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—Where is James now?
—He’s__________ in the office__________ in the library. You can’t find him there.
五、feel like的用法
【例句展示】
1. He slept badly and didn’t feel like eating.
他睡眠很差并且不想吃东西。
2. It feels like silk.
它摸起来像丝绸。
3. My legs feel like cotton.
我的腿感觉像棉花一样。
4. Do you feel like a drink?
你想喝点饮料吗?
5. I don’t feel like eating.
我不想吃。
6. I feel like I want to cry.
我觉得我想哭。
【精讲辨析】
“feel like+名词/动名词”有如下含义:
1. 表示“摸起来像……”。
2. 表示“感觉像(是)……”。
3. 表示“想吃或喝……”。
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4. 表示“想做……”。
5. 表示“想……”,后接句子。
【活学活用】
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
今天早上我身体不太好,我感觉不想吃。
I was not very__________ this morning and I didn’t__________ eating.
中考重点句型
一、sth. makes/made sb.+形容词/do
某物使某人……
【例句展示】
Loud music makes me tense.
吵闹的音乐使我紧张。
【归纳提高】
make me tense是“make+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构,make作使役动词,本句中的补足语为形容词,补足语也可以由名词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式等充当。如:
①We made him our monitor.
我们选他当我们的班长。
②Mother made her coat into my skirt.
母亲把她的外套改成了我的裙子。
③The boy makes faces just to make others laugh.
这个男孩做鬼脸的目的是让其他人笑。
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注:1. make sb. do sth.省略的to在被动语态中要加上。类似的词还有see, hear, notice, watch等。
2. make+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中it作形式宾语。同时think, find, feel等也有此用法。
3. make除了作使役动词以外,还作行为动词,一般意为“制造”,用途很广。常见短语:be made in产于某地;be made from由……制成(成品中看不出原材料);be made of由……制成(成品中可以看出原材料);be made into被制成(主语是原材料);be made up of由……组成。
make的相关短语:make a cake (for sb.); make a decision; make friends with; make mistakes; make up one’s mind to do sth.; make (a) noise; make sb. (feel) at home; make progress in/with; make a living by...; make money; make a fire; make it; make a list of; make a plan for; make soup; make sure; make the bed。
【活学活用】
A)用所给词或词组的适当形式填空。
1. The boss made him__________(work) 12 hours a day. He was made to__________(feel) very tired.
2. The scientist tried his best to make his view__________(understand).
3. Grapes can also__________(make into) wine.
B)选词填空。
4. Don’t waste paper!It is made__________(of/from/into) wood.
二、By the time/When...(一般过去时),...had done...
当……时,……已经……
【例句展示】
1. By the end of last week, we had learned nine lessons.
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到上周为止,我们已经学了九课。
2. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
到她起床的时候,她哥哥已经进了浴室。
3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my English book at home.
当我到学校的时候,我意识到把英语书落在家里了。
【归纳提高】
例句均用了过去完成时。过去完成时由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)+动词的过去分词”构成。其否定形式是在had后加not,变疑问句是将had移到句首。
过去完成时的主要用法:
1. 表示在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态(也称为“过去的过去”)。过去完成时常用的时间状语有:by the end of...(如例句1);by the time+从句(如例句2)。
2. 表示过去某一个动作发生在另一个过去的动作之前。先发生的动作用过去完成时,后发生的动作用一般过去时。从句常用when, before等引导。例句3中,“到达”这一动作与“意识到”这一动作基本同时发生,所以都用了一般过去时,而“落在家里”这个动作发生在“意识到”这个动作之前,所以leave用了过去完成时。
【活学活用】
用所给词组的适当形式填空。
The plane__________(take off) when we got to the airport.
三、It’s+形容词+that+从句
【例句展示】
1. It is crucial that I study for it (the math test) because it makes up 30% of the final exam.
它(这次数学考试)占期末考试的30%,所以为此次考试而学习很重要。
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2. It is true that I am famous and everyone loves my songs.
我很出名,而且每个人都爱我的歌曲,这是真的。
【归纳提高】
以上例句的结构均是:It’s+adj.+that从句。例句1中,第一个it是形式主语,真正的主语是that I study for it;第二个it和第三个it都指代the math test。例句2中,it也是形式主语,真正的主语是that I am famous and everyone loves my songs。
【活学活用】
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
众所周知,这岛屿在历史上一直属于中国。
__________that this island belongs__________ China all the time in history.
中考词语辨析
一、as, when与while
【例句展示】
1. He watched TV as he shouted.
他一边喊一边看电视。
2. It was snowing when we got to the airport.
我们到达机场时,天正下着雪。
3. Some students were reading while others were writing.
有些学生在读书,而有些学生在写字。
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4. While we were having a meeting, Li Ming came in.
我们正在开会时,李明进来了。
【辨异突破】
1. as意为“当……的时候”,含有“一边……一边……”之意,强调的是不同的动作同时发生。
2. when意为“当/在……的时候”,主从句所表示的动作、事件可同时发生,也可先后发生。从句的时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时,从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是非延续性动词。
3. while意为“正在……时”,用于指同时进行的两个延续性动作相伴随而发生,常把同类的两个动作作对比,while从句中的动词须用延续性动词,从句常用进行时;如果主句和从句中的动作是两个同时进行的动作或事件,那么主句也要用进行时。
【活学活用】
用as, when或while填空。
1. I was about to leave home__________ the telephone rang.
2. My mother was cooking__________ my father was
sweeping the floor.
二、reply与answer
【例句展示】
1. You must reply to our proposal in two days.
两天内你必须要答复我们的提议。
2. Can you answer the question?
你能回答这个问题吗?
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3. Have you had an answer to your letter?
你收到回信了吗?
【辨异突破】
1. reply作动词时是不及物动词,一般指回应,不需要确切的答案,意为“回复”。若要跟宾语则必须加介词to。
2. answer作动词时是及物动词。另外这两个词均可作名词,若想表达“什么的答案”应加介词to。类似的表达还有:the key to the door(门的钥匙),the ticket to the film(电影票),the way to...(去……的路),a visit/trip to...(一次去……的旅行),the main entrance to the cinema(电影院主入口)等。
【活学活用】
用reply或answer填空。
1. Jenny, could you__________ the telephone for me?I am busy cooking.
2. I said goodbye to her but she made no__________.
三、true, truly, truth与real
【例句展示】
1. His words are true.
他的话是真的。
2. This is a true story.
这是个真实的故事。
3. I’m truly sorry that I hurt you.
伤害到了你,我真的很抱歉。
4. Let me tell you the truth.
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让我告诉你真相。
5. Santa Claus isn’t a real person.
圣诞老人不是一个真实的人物。
【辨异突破】
这四个单词“形似意连”,但用法却不同。
例1、2中true是形容词,意为“真实的”,强调与实际情况相符,并非杜撰的、捏造的。在句中既可作表语又可作定语。例3中的truly修饰形容词sorry,我们可以知道它是副词,意为“真诚地;衷心地”;truly也有“确实”的意思。例4中的truth是不可数名词,常与the连用。但当它表示“真理”时,是可数名词。real强调客观存在,并非想象或虚构,是形容词,意为“真正的”。
【活学活用】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. David, could you please tell me the__________(真相)?
2. His dream__________(实现) at last with his great effort.
3. In the end, the__________(真正的) criminal was a short and heavy old man.
四、so that, so...that...与such...that...
【例句展示】
1. Mr. Wang did not work hard, so that he was out of work when he was young.
王先生工作不努力,因此他年轻时就失业了。
2. The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.
那个小女孩太累了,以至于她不能再往前走了。
3. He is such a little boy that I can’t believe him.
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他是如此小的一个男孩,以至于我不能相信他。
4. It’s so good a book that we all like reading it.
=It is such a good book that we all like reading it.
这本书太好了以至于我们都喜欢读。
【辨异突破】
1. so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,so后接形容词或副词原级。常用于下列结构中:
so+形容词/副词形容词+a/an+单数可数名词many/few+复数可数名词much/little+不可数名词+that...
2. such...that...也表示“如此……以至于……”,但such修饰名词,常用于下列结构中:
such+a/an+单数可数名词a/an+形容词+单数可数名词(形容词+)复数可数名词/不可数名词+that...
3. so that表示“以便;为了”时,引导目的状语从句,从句中的谓语动词常和can, may, could等情态动词连用;表示“因此;所以”时,引导结果状语从句,从句中一般不用情态动词,在so that前可以用逗号。
【活学活用】
用so that, so...that...或such...that...填空。
1. I’ve got__________ many falls__________ I’m black and blue all over.
2. He is__________ an honest boy__________ we don’t believe he told us a hoax.
3. There are__________ many hot days__________ there’s little water in the river.
4. Please turn on the light__________ we can see it clearly.
五、relaxed与relaxing
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【例句展示】
1. Jim felt very relaxed after listening to that song.
听完那首歌后,吉姆感到很放松。
2. The party was relaxing. We were all relaxed after it.
这场聚会令人放松。聚会过后我们都很轻松。
【辨异突破】
1. relaxed为形容词,意为“放松的;轻松自在的”,其主语通常是人。如:
Jim seems to be very relaxed and happy.
吉姆看起来非常轻松愉快。
2. relaxing也为形容词,意为“使人放松的”,其主语通常是物。
有类似用法的词还有:surprised/surprising, excited/exciting, frightened/frightening, moved/moving等。
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
The boys like playing basketball because they think they can be__________(relax).
六、a bit与a little
【例句展示】
1. Get up a bit/a little earlier, and you will see the star.
起早一点你就会看到这颗星星了。
2. He ate a little food/a bit of food this morning.
他今天早上吃了一点点食物。
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3. She is not a little tired.
她很累了。
4. She is not a bit tired.
她一点也不累。
【辨异突破】
1. 两者都意为“一点儿”,都用来修饰形容词、副词及其比较级,也可修饰动词。都可修饰不可数名词,但a little后直接加不可数名词,a bit后加of再加不可数名词。
2. a bit和a little在否定句中的意思恰恰相反,not a bit相当于not at all(一点儿也不),not a little相当于very (much)或extremely(很;非常)。
【活学活用】
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
1. 这家酒店小了点。
This hotel is__________ small.
2. 这本书一点也不有趣。
The book is not__________ interesting.
3. 餐桌上还剩下点食物。
There was__________ food left on the table.
当堂检测
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一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I am sorry to say I’ve__________(leave) my key in my car.
2. The poor girl won first prize__________(expect).
3. There are hundreds of__________(work) in this small factory.
4. We have been friends for nearly twenty years. Nothing can break off our__________(friend).
5. He was one of the best__________(king) in Chinese history.
6. He was__________(kick) off the soccer team because of the big mistake he made.
7. She__________(nod) to me when she passed me in the street.
8. The Internet is__________(power) than books. It is influencing our lives a lot.
9. You can lose__________(weigh) by eating less and keeping exercise more every day.
10. The__________(work) are building the subways now. The traffic in our city will be better soon.
二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。
expect beside disappear agree believe
1. The man__________ quietly before I could say thanks to him.
2.__________ singing English songs, you can also learn English by reading English magazines.
3. Danny is really a__________ man, so he has many good friends.
4. The two cities have reached an__________ to develop science and technology together.
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5. We’ll have a three-day off. All of us couldn’t help jumping when hearing the__________ news.
三、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示,在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
David Beckham is one of the most famous football players in the world. When he was very young, he liked football very much and he spent a lot of time practicing football. However, his first show in the World Cup 1__________(使失望) him in 1998. He was made to leave out of a match. His 2__________ (教练) Alex Ferguson didn’t feel mad at him. Instead, he told David he should have 3__________ (勇气) to get through the difficulty. Alex Ferguson thought a real man should use his 4__________ (肩膀) to accept the weight of much pain, so he 5__________ (鼓励) David to go on working hard. He believed David must be able to achieve his dream.
David Beckham won many prizes because he was very good at 6__________ (踢) football. He said, “My success comes from the team 7__________ (力量). No matter which team I play for, I always cooperate(合作) closely with my 8__________ (队友). I think the good 9__________ (友情) in a team is also a kind of 10__________ (财富).”
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参考答案
课堂突破
【中考重点单词与短语】
一、would rather do, play
二、1. with 2. With 3. carry 4. helpful
三、1. as 2. on 3. at 4. hard-working
四、neither, nor
五、well, feel like
【中考重点句型】
一、1. work, feel 2. understood 3. be made into4. from
二、had taken off
三、It’s well-known, to
【中考词语辨析】
一、1. when 2. while
二、1. answer 2. reply
三、1. truth 2. came true 3. real
四、1. so, that 2. such, that 3. so, that 4. so that
五、relaxed
六、1. a little/a bit 2. a bit 3. a little/a bit of
当堂检测
一、1. left 2. unexpectedly 3. workers 4.
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friendship
5. kings 6. kicked 7. nodded 8. more powerful
9. weight 10. workers
二、1. disappeared 2. Besides 3. believable 4. agreement
5. unexpected
三、1. disappointed 2. coach 3. courage 4. shoulders
5. encouraged 6. playing 7. power 8. teammates
9. friendship 10. wealth
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