第14课 八下 Units 9—10
课前预热
中考词汇拓展
重点易错单词
1. somewhere 在某处;到某处
2. camera 照相机
3. progress 进步;进展
4. rapid 迅速的;快速的
5. unusual 不寻常的
6. toilet 厕所;坐便器
7. encourage 鼓励
8. perfect 完美的
9. itself 它自己
10. province 省份
11. thousand 一千
12. fear 害怕(动词)
13. whenever 无论何时
14. spring 春天
15. mostly 主要地;通常
16. yard 院子
17. sweet 甜蜜的
19. check 检查;审查
20. clear 清理;清除
21. bedroom 卧室
22. honest 诚实的
23. while 一段时间;一会儿
24. hometown 家乡
25. nowadays 现今;目前
26. among 在(其)中;……之一
27. shame 羞耻;惭愧
28. regard 把……视为
29. count 数数
30. opposite 与……相对;对面的
31. especially 尤其;特别
32. childhood 童年
33. consider 注视;仔细考虑
34. hold/held/held 抓住;举办;拥有
35. memory/memories 记忆
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18. soft 软的
词汇拓展
1. believe(v.)→ believable (adj.)可信的
→ unbelievable (adj.)难以置信的;不真实的
2. rapid(adj.)→ rapidly (adv.)迅速地;快速地
3. usual(adj.)→ usually (adv.)通常地;寻常地
→ unusual (反义词)特别的;不寻常的
4. encourage(v.)→ encouragement (n.)鼓励
→ courage (n.)勇气
5. society(n.)→ social (adj.)社会的
6. peace(n.)→ peaceful (adj.)和平的;平静的
7. perfect(adj.)→ perfectly (adv.)完美地
8. it(pron.)→ its (形容词性物主代词)它的
→ its (名词性物主代词)它的
11. simple(adj.)→ simply (adv.)仅仅;只;不过
12. India(n.)→ Indian (n. & adj.)印度人;印度的
13. Japan(n.)→ Japanese (adj. & n.)日本(人)的;日语
14. most(adj.)→ mostly (adv.)主要地;通常
15. make(v.)→ maker (n.)制作者;造物主
16. scarf(n.)→ scarves/scarfs (pl.)围巾;披巾;头巾
17. honest(adj.)→ dishonest (反义词)不诚实的;不老实的
→ honesty (n.)诚实;正直
18. especial(adj.)→ especially (adv.)尤其;特别;格外
19. child(n.)→ children (pl.)孩子们
→ childhood (n.)童年;幼年
20. fox(n.)→ foxes (pl.)狐狸
21. hold(v.)→ held (过去式/过去分词)拥
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→ itself (反身代词)它自己
9. German(adj. & n.)→ Germans (pl.)德国人
10. safe(adj.)→ safety (n.)安全
→ safely (adv.)安全地
有;抓住
22. soft(adj.)→ softly (adv.)轻轻地;柔和地
23. truth(n.)→ truthful (adj.)诚实的;真实的
24. collect(v.)→ collection (n.)收集品;收藏品
中考词组短语
词 组
1. on the one hand...on the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
2. all year round全年
3. check out观察
4. clear out清理
5. no longer不再
6. close to几乎;接近
7. go somewhere different去某个不同的地方
8. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
9. be as enjoyable as... 和……一样赏心悦目
10. hear of听说
14. wake up醒来
15. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
16. give sth. away to people in need
把某物捐给需要的人们
17. for more than 10 years长达10多年
18. feel sad to do sth. 做某事感到悲伤
19. move to sp. 搬到某地
20. one of the oldest buildings最古老的建筑物之一
21. return home回到家
22. regard...as... 把……当作……
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11. take a ride on the boat坐船兜风
12. three quarters of... 四分之三的……
13. have problems doing sth. 做某事有困难
23. according to... 根据……
24. most of the children in my time
我那个时代的大部分孩子
25. in order to为了
中考句型回顾
书面表达素材
1. 谈论有趣的地方
①The most interesting museum I’ve ever been to is the American Computer Museum.
我曾经去过的最有趣的博物馆是美国计算机博物馆。
②It’s unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way!
技术发展得这么迅速实在是难以置信!
③I’ve already been there a couple of times, but I’m happy to go again.
我已经去过那儿好多次了,不过我很高兴再去一次。
④For thousands of tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday.
对成千上万的中国游客来说,这个位于东南亚的小岛屿是一个既好又安全的度假胜地。
⑤You can choose to go whenever you like—spring, summer, autumn or winter.
你可以选择春、夏、秋、冬任何你喜欢的时候去。
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2. 谈论生活所拥物品和家乡
①Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back her sweet memories.
艾米想保存她的旧东西,因为它们给她带回甜蜜的回忆。
②My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.
我女儿更懂事些,尽管她失去某些玩具很伤心。
③ As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but to behonest , I have not played for a while now.
至于我,我不想放弃我的足球衬衫,但说实话,我现在已经有段时间没有踢过足球了。
④Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.
如今,数百万中国人离开乡村去城市找工作。
⑤I used to return home at least once a year, but I haven’t beenback for almost three years now.
我过去常常每年至少回家一次,但是现在我几乎三年没有回去了。
⑥Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.
在我们的内心深处,家乡留给我们太多温暖又甜美的回忆。
语法精萃
①—How long have you had that bike? 你拥有那辆自行车多久了?
—I’ve had it for five years. 我拥有它5年了。(含 for的现在完成时)
②My daughter has owned these toys since she was four years old.
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我女儿自从四岁起就拥有这些玩具。
③— Have you ever been to a science museum?
你曾去过科技博物馆吗?
—No, I have never been to a science museum.
不,我从没去过科技博物馆。(含been, ever, never的现在完成时)
课堂突破
中考重点单词与短语
一、encourage的用法
【例句展示】
This kind of contest encourages people in China to speak English.
这种比赛鼓励中国人讲英语。
【精讲辨析】
encourage作动词,意为“鼓励”,后接动词不定式。encourage sb. (not) to do sth. 鼓励某人(不)去做某事。类似用法的词还有:tell(告诉),invite(邀请),allow(允许),ask(请求),want(想要),promise(答应),wish(希望),expect(预料;盼望;认为)。
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. When I failed, he always encouraged me__________(try) again.
2. They decided__________ (tell) me the truth.
二、consider的用法
【例句展示】
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1. Our director is considering Tom’s advice.
我们主任正在考虑汤姆的建议。
2. Why not consider visiting Paris?
为什么不考虑游览巴黎呢?
3. We consider her (as) a good teacher.
我们认为她是一个好老师。
4. My mother considers that I should play the violin every day.
妈妈认为我应该每天拉小提琴。
【精讲辨析】
1. 由例句1、2可知,consider意为“考虑;思考”。consider后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,但不能接不定式。
2. 由例句3、4可知,consider意为“认为”,与think意思相近。由例句3可知,consider sb. (as)...意为“认为某人是……”。由例句4可知,consider后面还可以接宾语从句。
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
Mr. Smith is considering__________ (buy) a new car.
三、notice的用法
【例句展示】
1. All of the students noticed the new sign at the school gate.
所有的学生都注意到了学校门口的新标牌。
2. He noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell.
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他注意到水里面的叶子散发出一种怡人的气味。
3. Did you notice Mike go out?
你注意到迈克出去了吗?
4. She noticed a little boy crying at the street corner.
她注意到一个小男孩正在街道拐角处哭泣。
【精讲辨析】
1. 由例句可知,notice是动词,意为“注意到;察觉到”。
由例句1、2可知,notice后可接名词、代词和宾语从句;由例句3、4可知,notice后还可接复合宾语,即:notice sb. do/doing sth.。接动词原形时指注意到一个动作或事情的全过程或结果,接动词-ing形式指注意到一个动作正在进行。
2. notice还可作名词。作可数名词时,意为“通告;布告”;作不可数名词时,意为“注意;察觉”。
【活学活用】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. I__________ (注意到) him enter the hall.
2. Did you see the__________ (通知) at the gate?
四、分数的表达
【例句展示】
1. More than three quarters of the population are Chinese.
超过四分之三的人口是中国人。
2. One fifth of the water is dirty.
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五分之一的水是脏的。
3. Three fifths of the students in our class are girls.
我们班里五分之三的学生是女生。
【精讲辨析】
1. three quarters意为“四分之三”。英语中的分数表达法为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母要用复数形式。如:a quarter四分之一;a half二分之一;two thirds三分之二。
2. 分数作主语时,谓语的单复数要与其后面的名词的数保持一致。若名词为可数名词复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;若名词为可数名词单数形式或不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
【活学活用】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
—What does the fresh juice contain?
—__________ (五分之四) of the juice is orange. It’s very pure.
中考重点句型
一、主语+have/has been to...
……去过……
【例句展示】
I’ve never been to a water park.
我从没有去过水上公园。
【归纳提高】
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区别have gone to, have been to与have been in:
1. have gone to意为“到某地去了”,表示已经去往某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿,实际上讲的是现在的情况,着重指现在人不在,限用于第三人称,不用于第一、二人称。如:
She has gone to Tibet.
她去西藏了。(现在还未回来)
2. have been to表示“某人曾经去过某地”,现在已经回来了。如:
I have been to Tibet three times.
我去过西藏三次。(现在不在西藏,强调曾经去过)
3. have been in意为“到某地多长时间了”,常用于以下几种情况:
(1)其后接表示时间段的状语时,指到目前为止的一段时间一直在某处。如:
I have been in Australia for three years.
我在澳大利亚已有三年了。
(2)其后还可接表示组织、团体的名词,意为“加入某组织已有多长时间了”。如:
He has been in the Party for two years.
他入党有两年了。
注:have gone to, have been in与have been to后接表示地点的副词there, here等时,介词to和in常省略。如:
①You have never been there before, have you?
你以前从来没有去过那儿,是吗?
②They have gone there. 他们已经去那儿了。
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【活学活用】
用适当的短语填空。
1. —Where’s Joan?
—She__________ America. She will be back in three days.
2. We__________ the city for two months.
3. They__________ the zoo many times.
二、It’s really interesting, isn’t it?
这真的很有趣,是吗?
【例句展示】
1. The bus stops here, doesn’t it?
公共汽车停在这儿,是吗?
2. He won’t come back, will he?
他不会回来了,是吗?
3. There was little water in the glass, was there?
玻璃杯里几乎没水,是吗?
4. Don’t smoke here, will you?
不要在这儿吸烟,好吗?
5. I think he is a good man, isn’t he?
我认为他是一个好人,是吗?
【归纳提高】
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1. 反意疑问句指说话人对所陈述的事情有所怀疑或不确定,想通过对方的回答来加以肯定或否定,结构为“陈述句+反意疑问句”,遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”原则。疑问句的助动词及主语应与陈述部分保持一致。
注:陈述部分若含有never, few, little, hardly, nothing等具有否定意义的词时,后面的疑问部分用肯定形式。
2. 祈使句的反意疑问中,陈述部分无论是肯定还是否定,后面的疑问部分都用“will you?”,但Let’s...的反意疑问部分要用“shall we?”。
3. 当陈述部分为I think+that从句时,反意疑问部分应与that从句的主语和谓语一致。
【活学活用】
完成反意疑问句。
1. John had a short walk after lunch,__________ ?
2. He didn’t go there yesterday,__________ he?
3. —Your father often disagrees with you,__________ he?
—__________ . We often have different ideas.
4. Let’s visit the National Museum this weekend__________ ?
5. I think he does his homework at home,__________ ?
三、It is one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
它是这个小镇上最古老的建筑物之一。
【例句展示】
Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.
北京是中国最大的城市之一。
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【归纳提高】
“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最……之一”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
—What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?
—Oh!It’s one of____________________(interesting)films I’ve ever seen.
中考词语辨析
一、it, one与that
【例句展示】
1. How nice your watch is!Where did you buy it? I want to buy one.
你的手表真漂亮!你在哪儿买的?我想买一块。
2. The weather in Beijing is different from that in Wenzhou.
北京的天气和温州的不一样。
【辨异突破】
1. it可用来指代前文提到的那个事物,前后是同一个事物。
2. one用来指代前文出现的可数名词,表示同类事物中的一个。
3. that用来指代前文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词。它与前面的名词是同类但不是同一事物,多用于事物的比较时避免重复。若指代内容为复数,常用those。
【活学活用】
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用it, one, that或those填空。
1. The apple is so sweet, can you please give me another__________ ?
2. Could you record the football game for me? I can watch__________ later.
3. The weather in summer here is like__________ in Beijing.
4. As for learning English, students who read a lot can do much better than__________ who don’t.
二、somewhere, anywhere与everywhere
【例句展示】
1. —My ID card is missing. I looked for it everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.
我的身份证丢了。我到处找,可是任何地方都找不到它。
—I saw it somewhere this morning.
今天早上我在某个地方看见过它。
2. I’m going to move somewhere interesting.
我打算搬到某个有趣的地方。
【辨异突破】
somewhere用于肯定句,强调是某一处或某些地方;anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中,强调的是任何地方;everywhere强调的是每一个地方。
注:形容词修饰不定副词somewhere/anywhere/everywhere,须置后。
【活学活用】
用somewhere, anywhere或everywhere填空。
1. When we found him__________ in the forest, he seemed ill.
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2. I can’t find my pen__________ .
3. Sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost__________ .
三、for与since
【例句展示】
1. I have had the dictionary for two weeks.
这本字典我买了两星期了。
2. I have been collecting stamps since I was five years old.
我自从五岁起就一直在收集邮票。
【辨异突破】
for和since都可用在现在完成时或现在完成进行时中。for表示时间的持续,后加时间段,表示一段时间,多与带数词的名词连用,其谓语动词须用延续性动词;since表示自从过去某一时间点以来,后面接时间点,强调动作或状态一直延续到现在。
【活学活用】
用for或since填空。
His grandpa has been dead__________ 1996,__________ about 20 years.
四、become, turn与get
【例句展示】
1. Mary became angry.
玛丽生气了。
2. The leaves are turning brown.
树叶在变成棕色。
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3. The food is getting cool.
饭菜凉了。
【辨异突破】
become, turn和get都有“变化”的意思,用在“主语+become/turn/get+表语”的句式中,相当于系动词。become可用于人和事,并可与大部分不同类型的形容词连用;turn在句子中常与表示颜色的形容词连用;get强调有一定的过程变化,如日子长短、天气冷暖、饭菜冷热、病情变化等。
【活学活用】
用become, turn或get填空。
1. Mr. Lin__________ angry because someone broke the window.
2. We__________ wet in the rain without raincoats.
3. Her face__________ red when hearing this.
4. I__________ interested in the book when I saw it.
五、not...anymore(any more)/no more与not...
any longer/no longer
【例句展示】
1. Please don’t go there anymore.
请别再去那里了。
2. We are no longer young.
我们不再年轻。
【辨异突破】
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1. not...anymore(any more)/no more表示次数上的“不再”,常修饰非延续性动词,多用于将来时态,有时也用于过去时态。
2. not...any longer/no longer表示时间上的“不再”,常修饰延续性动词。
【活学活用】
用not...anymore/no more或not...any longer/no longer填空。
1. The baby__________ cry__________ .
2. Even though my father is__________ with us, I will miss him forever.
中考写作突破
观点阐述篇
【话题解读】
此类试题的命题者一般是给出某一现象,要求考生就该现象进行简要描述,然后提出建议并阐述自己的观点。此类题目通常以要点提示或表格的形式进行考查。文章常用一般现在时态。
【常见表达】
1. In my opinion, doing some suitable homework is necessary and helpful.
2. Today, many students are interested in going online.
3. We shouldn’t spend too much time using mobile phones.
4. Most of them think the shows are relaxing and funny.
5. However, a few students hold the opposite view.
【典型例题】
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(湖州中考)英语课上,老师组织大家就以下两幅图进行“To Change or Not”的话题讨论。请用英语阐述你对此话题的看法。
注意:(1)短文可结合图片信息或自身经历,作适当发挥;(2)文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名;(3)词数:80—100。短文首句仅供选择使用,不计入总词数。
【范文展示】
Last week, we had a discussion about the topic “To Change or Not”. I think different people have different choices to deal with problems. For example, when meeting with the weight problem, some people decide to take exercise to lose weight while others think they can’t do anything about it.
When I was in Grade 7, I had difficulty with my spoken English. Instead of giving up, I chose to change. I tried my best to listen to tapes and practice speaking every day. Now my pronunciation has been improved a lot.
In a word, facing problems, we should take actions to change. Surely it will make a great difference.
【亮点点评】
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1. 文章把图片提示和自身经历结合起来,要点齐全,观点阐述明确。
2. when, while从句的运用使文章表述多样化,行文跌宕起伏,增加了可读性。
当堂检测
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. I had an__________ (usual) experience last Sunday.
2. You can’t imagine how__________ (rapid) the technology has progressed.
3. Chinese government encourages__________ (society) groups to think about ways to improve our environment.
4. My cousin has__________ (search) for work in Shanghai for two weeks.
5. It’s__________ (believe) that he has passed the exam.
6. The cat washes__________ (it) in the morning every day.
7. Did you have any problem__________ (collect) tea sets in India?
8. You__________ (simple) can’t imagine how terrible the earthquake is.
9. Jessica’s parents always encourage her__________ (speak) out her opinions.
10. The cinema is one of the oldest__________ (build) in the town.
二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。
consider toy camera honest hold
1. We__________ our sports meeting on the playground last week.
2. Don’t play with__________ anymore. You have grown up.
3. We can take lots of beautiful pictures with__________ .
4. For your next vacation, why not__________ visiting Paris?
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5. He is an__________ boy. He always tells the truth.
三、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示,在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Last week, my youngest son and I went to visit my father at his new house in Arizona, my 1__________ (家乡).
In my earliest 2__________ (记忆), my father was a tall, handsome and successful man. He was 3__________ (诚实的) and tried his best to help others. He loved his work and family, but was strict with his children, 4__________ (尤其) with me. As a child, I loved him; as a schoolgirl and young adult, I was afraid of him.
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch. His house is 5__________(在……对面) my father’s. We did many things that afternoon. My father’s strict rules were gone. He seemed so friendly and interesting to be with us.
The next day, when I was sitting in the 6__________(庭院), my father showed me some pictures of his 7__________ (童年). He told me many stories. 8__________ (在……中) them, his experience in another city interested me most. At that time, I felt closer to him. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father, a(n) 9__________ (真实的) new happy father. I hope he can 10__________ (拥有) such happiness forever.
参考答案
课堂突破
【中考重点单词与短语】
一、1. to try 2. to tell
二、buying
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三、1. noticed 2. notice
四、Four fifths
【中考重点句型】
一、1. has gone to 2. have been in 3. have been to
二、1. didn’t he 2. did 3. does, Yes 4. shall we
5. doesn’t he
三、the most interesting
【中考词语辨析】
一、1. one 2. it 3. that 4. those
二、1. somewhere 2. anywhere 3. everywhere
三、since, for
四、1. got/became 2. got 3. turned 4. became
五、1. didn’t, anymore 2. no longer
当堂检测
一、1. unusual 2. rapidly 3. social 4. searched
5. unbelievable 6. itself 7. collecting 8. simply
9. to speak 10. buildings
二、1. held 2. toys 3. cameras 4. consider
5. honest
三、1. hometown 2. memory 3. honest 4. especially
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5. opposite 6. yard 7. childhood 8. Among
9. truthful 10. own
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