第11课 八下 Units 3—4
课前预热
中考词汇拓展
重点易错单词
1. rubbish 垃圾
2. fold 折叠
3. pass 递；走过
4. hate 厌恶；讨厌
5. waste 浪费
6. provide 提供
7. depend 依靠
8. since 既然；自……以来
9. neighbor 邻居
10. allow 允许
11. wrong 错误的
12. argue 争吵
13. elder 年纪较长的
14. instead 代替
15. whatever 无论什么；任何
16. nervous 焦虑的；紧张的
17. offer 自动提出；自愿给予
18. proper 正确的；恰当的
19. secondly 第二；其次
20. explain 解释
21. return 归还；回来
22. member 成员
23. pressure 压力
24. opinion 意见；看法
25. continue 持续；继续存在
26. compare 比较
27. crazy 疯狂的
28. push 督促；推动
29. cause 造成；引起
30. perhaps 可能；大概；也许
词汇拓
1. sweep（v.）→ swept （过去式/过去分词）扫；打扫
10. argue（v.）→ argument （n.）争论；争吵
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展
2. throw（v.）→ threw （过去式）
→ thrown （过去分词）扔；掷
3. lend（v.）→ lent （过去式/过去分词）供给；借出
→ borrow （反义词）借；借用
4. develop（v.）→ development （n.）发展；发育；成长
→ developing （adj.）发展中的
→ developed （adj.）发达的
5. fair（adj.）→ fairness （n.）公正；公平
→ unfair （反义词）不合理的；不公正的
6. ill（adj.）→ illness （n.）疾病；病
7. drop（v.）→ dropped （过去式/过去分词）落下；掉下
8. relation（n.）→ relationship （n.）关系；联系
9. communicate（v.）→ communication （n.）交流；沟通
11. cloud（n.）→ cloudy （adj.）多云的
12. proper（adj.）→ properly （adv.）合适地；适宜地
13. two（num.）→ second （序数词）第二
→ secondly （adv.）第二；其次
14. clear（adj.）→ clearly （adv.）清楚地；明白地
15. typical（adj.）→ typically （adv.）典型地
16. quick（adj.）→ quickly （adv.）很快地
17. usual（adj.）→ unusual （反义词）不常见的；不普通的
18. depend（v.）→ dependent （adj.）依靠的；依赖的
→ independent （adj.）独立的；自主的
→ dependence （n.）依赖；依靠；信任
中考词组短语
词 组
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1. take out the rubbish倒垃圾
2. all the time反复
3. as soon as 一……就……
4. in order to为了
5. depend on依靠
6. take care of照顾；处理
7. look through浏览
8. big deal重要的事
9. work out解决
10. cut out删除
11. compare with... 与……比较
12. in one’s opinion依某人看
13. get a ride搭车
14. finish doing sth.完成做某事
15. come over走上前来
16. work all day整天工作
17. in surprise惊讶地
18. pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物
19. lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物
20. spend time on sth. 把时间花在某事上
21. provide sth. for sb./offer sb. sth.=offer
24. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
25. give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人
26. offer to help主动提供帮助
27. communicate with sb. 和某人交流
28. leave sth. at sp. 把某东西忘在某地
29. not...anymore不再……
30. borrow my things without returning them
借了我的东西不还
31. speak in front of people在人群前发言
32. compete with... 与……竞争
33. take so many after-school classes
上如此多的课后补习班
34. the Taylors泰勒一家
35. not...until... 直到……才……
36. have a quick dinner迅速吃饭
37. it’s time for sth./to do sth. 是时候做某事了
38. turn down the TV把电视音量调低
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sth. to sb.
提供某人某物
22. as a result结果是
23. fall ill生病
中考句型回顾
书面表达素材
1. 对分担家务的看法
① The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。
②Housework is a waste of their time. 家务活浪费他们的时间。
③Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
每个人都应该尽自己的职责来保持它的干净和整洁。
④Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how tolook after themselves.
做家务有助于培养孩子们的独立性，并且教会他们如何照顾自己。
⑤It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
在家里给他们的孩子提供一个干净又舒适的环境是家长们的责任。
⑥I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.
我认为对孩子们来说学习怎样做家务和帮助他们的父母做家务很重要。
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2. 人际交往与沟通
①My problem is that I can’t get on with my family.
我的问题是我不能与家人好好相处。
② Why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother?
你为什么不坐下来和你兄弟谈一谈？
③I hope things will be better for you soon.
我希望事情对你来说很快就变得更好。
④Although it’s normal to want successful children, it’s even more important to have happy children.
虽然想要成功的孩子这一想法很正常，但拥有快乐的孩子更加重要。
语法精萃
①He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s sorry.
他应该和他朋友交谈以便他能对朋友说对不起。
②You shouldn’t wait until the last minute to study for a test.
你不应该等到最后一刻才去考前学习。
③ Although he’s your best friend, you should still tell him that copying others’ homework is wrong.
虽然他是你最好的朋友，你仍需告诉他抄他人作业是不对的。
情景交际
①— Could you please take the dog for a walk? 请你遛一下狗好吗？
—Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for my math test. 对不起，我不能。我要为数学考试而学习。
②— Could I watch TV?
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我可以看电视吗？
—Yes, you can, but first you have to clean your room.
可以，但你必须先打扫房间。
课堂突破
中考重点单词与短语
一、instead的用法
【例句展示】
1. Jim didn’t buy himself anything. Instead, he bought his mother a scarf.
吉姆没给自己买任何东西，而给他的妈妈买了一条围巾。
2. At last, I decided to cook at home instead of eating outside.
最终我决定在家烧饭，而不在外面吃。
【精讲辨析】
1. instead作副词，意为“代替；反而”。常放在句首或句尾，放在句首常用逗号与句子隔开。
2. instead of后跟名词、代词或动名词，意为“代替……；而不是……”。
【活学活用】
用instead或instead of填空。
1. If you have no cream, you can use milk__________ .
2.__________ going out, he invited his friends to his home.
二、return的用法
【例句展示】
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1. Please return the book to the library on time.
请按时把书归还给图书馆。
2. When would you like to return?
你想要什么时候回来？
【精讲辨析】
return作动词，意为“归还”时相当于give back；意为“返回”时相当于come/go back。
【活学活用】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
When the hero__________ （回到） his hometown, most people came to meet him.
三、whatever的用法
【例句展示】
Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition.
无论你做什么，你都不要错过本次展览。
【精讲辨析】
whatever是代词，意为“不管什么；无论什么”，可用来引导让步状语从句，whatever可用no matter what替换。如：
Whatever you do, I always believe you.=I always believe you no matter what you do.
无论你做什么，我总是相信你的。
其他类似的词：whenever无论什么时候；wherever无论在哪；however无论怎样；whoever无论谁。
【活学活用】
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根据汉语提示完成句子。
It’s warm there all year round. So you can go there__________（无论何时） you like.
四、care的用法
【例句展示】
1. I know my mother cares about me.
我知道妈妈关心我。
2. Care for Mother Earth.
关爱地球母亲。
3. She doesn’t seem to care for him.
她似乎不喜欢他。
【精讲辨析】
1. care作不及物动词，意为“关心；照顾；喜爱；在乎；在意”。常用短语：care for喜欢，关爱，照顾；care about担心，在乎，关心。
2. care作名词，意为“当心；注意；照料”。常用短语：take care小心，当心，注意；take care of照顾。
【活学活用】
用方框中所给词或词组的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
take care care for care about care
1. Lily spent years__________ her sick uncle.
2. Coffee or tea, either is OK. I don’t__________ .
3.__________ , a car may hit you.
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4. Don’t__________ what other people think of you, do what you like.
五、neither的用法
【例句展示】
1. Neither of them is welcome.
他俩都不受欢迎。
2. Neither book was very interesting.
两本书都没什么意思。
【精讲辨析】
1. neither作代词，意为“（两者之中）无一个；任何一个都不”。常用于neither of...结构中，此时谓语动词用单数。
2. neither作形容词，意为“两者都不的”，修饰单数名词。
3. Me neither. 是Me，too. 的反义句，表示说话者的情况与上述否定句所说的内容一样，是省略句型，不可用主格。如：
①—I’d like to go to the movies tonight.
我今晚想去看电影。
—Me, too.
我也想去。
②—I don’t want to attend the meeting, it’s boring.
我不想去开会，它令人心烦。
—Me neither.
我也不想去。
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相关词组：neither...nor...（既不……也不……），它可以连接主语、谓语、宾语等成分，但它连接主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则；either...or...（或者……或者……）和not only...but （also）...（不但……而且……）连接主语时也遵循就近原则。但both...and...（两者都）连接主语时谓语动词则用复数。
【活学活用】
A）用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. —Do you like your new T-shirt?
—Yes. Not only I but also my mother__________（like） it.
B）用适当的词填空。
2. —Which would you like, milk or coffee?
—__________. Tea, please.
六、look through的用法
【例句展示】
I need some money. I’m going to look through the newspaper for a holiday job.
我需要一些钱。我打算浏览报纸找一份假期工作。
【精讲辨析】
1. look through意为“浏览”。如：
There are two people looking through books in a bookstore.
有两个人正在书店里看书。
2. look through还有“检查；审查”之意。如：
You’d better look through your examination papers before you hand them in.
在你们上交考试卷之前最好仔细检查一下。
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3. 有关look的短语：look at看着；have a look看一下；look for寻找；look like看起来像；look after照料；look up（在书中）查阅；look the same看起来一样；look around环顾四周；look down on轻视，看不起；look forward to盼望，期待；look out注意；look over仔细检查；look up and down上下打量。
【活学活用】
用look构成的短语的适当形式填空。
After the students’ exercise books had been handed in, the teacher__________ the exercises and marked the mistakes.
中考重点句型
一、Could you please take out the rubbish?
你能倒一下垃圾吗？
【例句展示】
1. —Could you please open the door?
请开一下门好吗？
—Sure.
当然。
2. Could I use your dictionary?
我可以用一下你的字典吗？
3. Can you give us your ideas?
你可以给我们一些你的意见吗？
4. May I ask you a question?
我可以问你一个问题吗？
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【归纳提高】
can, could, may与might都表示请求、许可。其区别如下：
1. may的语气比can委婉。
2. could是can的过去式，但在Could you/I...?中没有时态的概念，表请求帮助或请求允许，用以表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气。
3. might是may的过去式，在请求对方许可时，Might I...?比May I...?更礼貌些。其肯定回答常用：Sure./OK./All right./Of course./Certainly.；否定回答则常用：Sorry./Oh, please don’t./Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t.。
【活学活用】
根据上下文语境给出恰当的回答。
1. —I can’t find my seat. Could you show me, sir?
—__________ . May I see your ticket, please?
2. —Could I smoke here?
—__________ . Some children are here.
3. —Could I try on those shoes in the window?
—__________ . They are just on show.
二、The+比较级， the+比较级. 越……就越……。
【例句展示】
1. The more I learn Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.
对中国历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。
2. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。
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【归纳提高】
“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，意为“越……就越……”。还有“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越……”。
【活学活用】
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
1. 读越多的英语杂志，你就能记住越多的单词。
__________ English magazines you read,__________
words you can remember.
2. 你学习越努力，得到的成绩越好。
__________ you work,__________ grades you will get.
3. 越来越多的人认识到保持健康是最重要的。
__________ people realize that keeping healthy is the most important.
三、Why don’t you talk to your parents?
为什么不和你的父母谈一谈？
【例句展示】
What a sunny day!Why not go for a walk?
多么晴朗的天气！为什么不出去散步呢？
【归纳提高】
1. Why not do...?=Why don’t you do...?，是提建议的两种表达方式。
2. 类似的表达方式：
Shall we do sth.?
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Let’s do sth..
Would you like sth./to do sth.?
Will/Could you please do sth.?
How/What about sth./doing sth.?
You’d better do sth..
You should/must/have to...
其肯定回答为：Good idea!/OK./Wonderful!/Great!/Sounds good.等；其否定回答为：Sorry, but...等。
【活学活用】
用适当的词填空。
—A nice day today, isn’t it?
—Yes.__________ go for a picnic and relax ourselves?
四、否定句+and+neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
【例句展示】
1. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
她一个星期没做家务活，我也没有做。
2. He doesn’t like swimming and neither do I.
他不喜欢游泳，我也不喜欢。
3. You can’t speak Japanese and neither can I.
你不会说日语，我也不会。
4. He’s been to Hong Kong and so have I.
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他去过香港，我也去过。
【归纳提高】
1. “neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也不”。neither此处用作副词，意为“也不”。
2. “so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“……也是”。
【活学活用】
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
我不会弹钢琴，我妹妹也不会。
I can’t play the piano, and____________________ .
中考词语辨析
一、pass与past
【例句展示】
1. You will pass a bank on your left.
在你的左边你会路过一个银行。
2. She passed her math exam.
她通过了数学考试。
3. He slowly walked past the house.
他慢慢地走过这座房子。
4. It is half past eleven in the evening now, the shop is closed.
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现在是晚上11点半了，商店关门了。
【辨异突破】
1. pass作动词，意为“通过；经过；传递”。常用短语：pass on to传递给；pass by从旁边经过；pass sb. sth. 递给某人某物。
2. past作介词，意为“经过；过”。常用短语：walk past走过；half past 过半。
3. passed是pass的过去式，音与past同。也可作形容词，意为“过去的”。
【活学活用】
用pass或past填空。
1. —Please__________ me the salt, Bill.
—OK.
2. Work harder and you’re sure to__________ the exam.
3. Class begins at five__________ eight.
4. In the__________ few years, he has made some great action movies.
二、drop与fall
【例句展示】
1. If I drop this glass, it will break.
如果我让杯子掉下，它就会摔碎。
2. Don’t drop, you’ll succeed.
别放弃，你会成功的。
3. Tears began to fall down my face.
眼泪开始从我的脸上滚落下来。
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【辨异突破】
1. drop既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“落下”，可指有意行为，也可指无意行为。当表示无意行为时可与fall互换。drop又可意为“放弃”，相当于give
up。
2. fall多指由于身体失去平衡或某种原因而向下坠落，多为无意行为。常作不及物动词，不能直接接宾语。
3. drop作名词时，意为“（液体）滴”。
4. fall作名词时，意为“秋天”。
【活学活用】
用drop或fall的适当形式填空。
1. She__________ the plate and it broke into pieces.
2. Jim__________ off his bike on his way home. Luckily, he didn’t hurt badly.
三、above, on与over
【例句展示】
1. There is a book on the desk.
课桌上有一本书。
2. Her village was 2,000 meters above sea level.
她的村庄在海平面2 000米以上。
3. There is a light over the dining table.
餐桌的正上方有一盏灯。
【辨异突破】
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三者都是介词，都表示“在……之上”，但用法不同。
on指在物体的表面上，和物体接触；above指在物体的上方，不和物体接触，也不一定是在物体的正上方；over指在物体正上方，不和物体接触。
【活学活用】
用above, on或over填空。
1. In the day, the temperature will stay__________ 15℃.
2. The T-shirt__________ the bed is Mike’s.
3. There is a national flag__________ the blackboard in our classroom.
四、borrow, lend, keep与return
【例句展示】
1. I borrowed a book from the library yesterday.
我昨天从图书馆借了本书。
2. He lent his bike to me.
他把他的自行车借给了我。
3. You can keep the book for two weeks.
这本书你可以借两周。
4. If you can’t return the book on time, you must renew it.
如果你不能准时归还这本书，你必须续借。
【辨异突破】
以主语为标准，borrow意为“借进”；lend意为“借出”；keep本意为“保留”，可用于表示“借一段时间”；return意为“归还；返回”，return...to...相当于give...back to...，意为“归还……给……”，但不能说return...back to...。
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相关短语：borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物；lend sth. to sb./lend sb. sth. 借某物给某人。
【活学活用】
用borrow, lend, keep或return的适当形式填空。
—Jim, can I 1__________ your car?
—Sorry, I 2__________ it to Steven just now.
—How long will he 3__________ it?
—Two days.
—Can you 4 it to me when Steven 5 it to you?
—Sure.
五、offer与provide
【例句展示】
1. He offered me a cup of coffee.
=He offered a cup of coffee to me.
他给了我一杯咖啡。
2. He offered to help me with my math.
他主动帮助我学数学。
3. The hotel provides shoe cleaning service for guests.
这家酒店为客人提供擦鞋服务。
【辨异突破】
1. offer作动词，意为“提供”。offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to
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sb.为某人提供某物，用法相当于give, show，后接双宾语；offer to do sth.主动做某事。
2. provide意为“提供”。其用法为：provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物。
【活学活用】
用offer或provide的适当形式填空。
1. Soft drinks are__________ to children for free in some restaurants on Children’s Day.
2. I really want to__________ my parents with abetter life if I find a good job.
六、begin与start
【例句展示】
1. The English evening party will begin at 9:00.
英语晚会将在9点开始。
2. Let’s start to sweep the room at once.
我们现在就开始打扫房间吧。
【辨异突破】
begin指开始某一行动或进程，与end相对；start动作性较强，着重于开始或着手这一动作，带有突然开始的意思，其反义词为stop。这两个动词都可以作及物或不及物动词。作及物动词时都可后接名词、动词-ing形式或动词不定式。在许多场合它们实际上没有什么区别。但如果表示“（机器）开动；创办；开设；出发；动身”等情况，只能用start，不能用begin。
【活学活用】
用begin或start的适当形式填空。
1. This program was__________ by the Ministry ofEducation.
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2. When I got home, it__________ to rain.
3. Our class__________ at 8:00 a.m.
中考写作突破
烦恼压力与问题解决篇
【话题解读】
日常生活中同学们经常会遇到各种问题，从而引发烦恼和压力，命题者常见两种形式命题：
1. 说说你的成长烦恼和所面临的压力。
2. 针对对方的问题，请提出合理建议帮助对方解决问题，此类题目常以表格要点提示或邮件、书信的形式出现，文章多用一般现在时。
【常见表达】
1. Too much pressure is not good for a child’s development.
2. In my opinion, to deal with stress, we’d better plan and prepare well.
3. We should also form some good habits, such as enough exercise and healthy diets.
4. My problem is that I can’t get on with my family.
5. Why don’t you talk about these feelings with your family?
6. You shouldn’t wait until the last minute to study for a test.
7. I hope things will be better for you soon.
【典型例题】
（海宁模拟）Bob收到了Tony的一封来信，请仔细阅读全文。
Dear Bob,
Every time I get a phone call or a mail, my parents want to know whom the call/mail is from,
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and how I got to know the person—no matter who calls me or writes to me. Last week, they found out that I drank and hung out（闲逛） with my friends by looking through my diary. Now they tell me I can’t hang out with my friends ever again. I’m so angry and I think something must be done to stop them. I think my privacy（隐私） was violated（侵犯）. As a teenager, I know what I did isn’t right, but this is making me so sad. I don’t know what to do. What should I do?
Please write to me soon and tell me what I can do.
Tony
假如你是Bob，请根据信件内容及下面的提示给Tony写一封回信，给他一些建议。
提示：（1）理解父母，理解他们的做法；（2）尝试和父母沟通，减轻他们的担心；（3）……
要求：（1）回信必须包括以上内容，可适当发挥想象，增加内容；（2）词数：80—100；（3）信的首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。
【范文展示】
Dear Tony,
I’m very happy to hear from you. I feel sorry about what your parents did. But I think you need to understand them more. Parents do those just because they want to protect their children and don’t want them to get into trouble. Of course, I do agree that your parents should respect your right of privacy, so you’d better have a good talk with them and try to make them believe you again. Maybe you need to help them to ease their fears. Try to explain that you have nothing to hide and want to share your experiences with them.
I hope you can solve it successfully.
Sincerely,
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Bob
【亮点点评】
1. 本文针对Tony来信中的问题一一提出了建议，要点齐全、行文婉转、观点明确。
2. 宾语从句...sorry about what your parents did, ...agree your parents should respect your right of privacy, ...explain that you have nothing to hide...的运用是本文的一大亮点。
当堂检测
一、根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。
1. Yesterday afternoon, Kevin__________ （借） two books to me.
2. He does nothing all day. He is just__________ （浪费） his time.
3. They__________ （提供） him with a good job when he was in Japan.
4. It’s very important for parents to develop their kids’__________（独立性）.
5. Do you get on well with your__________ （邻居）?
6. He didn’t work hard and his grades__________ （下降）.
7. He often c__________ to do housework after finishing his homework.
8. Boys and girls, education is an important part of yourd__________.
9. He used to c__________ a lot of trouble for his family.
10. Maybe parents should c__________ out a few of their kids’ activities.
11. What are your o__________ about his problem?
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12. If you want to go in, please p__________ the door.
13. Both of us h__________ traveling by plane, but we like taking a car.
14. I often help my mom do chores. I take out the r every day.
15. We s__________ the floor just half an hour ago, so it’s clean now.
二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
look allow fair clear copy
1. I don’t like Peter because he always__________ others’ homework.
2. It’s our responsibility to make the sky__________ than before.
3. I don’t think seventeen-year-old teenagers should be__________ to drive.
4. I found my mother__________ through the newspaper when I got home yesterday.
5. I think it’s__________ to judge a person before you really know him.
三、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Two days later, she__________ （return） the book to the library.
2. The__________ （fair） of the match is very important for sports players.
3. We don’t mind__________ （wait） for you for another hour.
4. Rubbish shouldn’t be__________ （throw） into the river because it pollutes the water.
5. Jim always__________ （depend） on his sister. He can’t make decisions by himself.
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参考答案
课堂突破
【中考重点单词与短语】
一、1. instead 2. Instead of
二、returned to
三、whenever
四、1. caring for 2. care 3. Take care
4. care about
五、1. likes 2. Neither
六、looked through
【中考重点句型】
一、1. Sure/Certainly 2. Oh, please don’t 3. Sorry, you can’t
二、1. The more, the more 2. The harder, the better 3. More and more
三、Why not
四、neither can my sister
【中考词语辨析】
一、1. pass 2. pass 3. past 4. past
二、1. dropped 2. fell
三、1. above 2. on 3. over
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四、1. borrow 2. lent 3. keep 4. lend
5. returns
五、1. offered 2. provide
六、1. started 2. started 3. begins
当堂检测
一、1. lent 2. wasting 3. provided 4. independence
5. neighbors 6. dropped 7. continues 8. development
9. cause 10. cut 11. opinions 12. push
13. hate 14. rubbish 15. swept
二、1. copies 2. clearer 3. allowed 4. looking
5. unfair
三、1. returned 2. fairness 3. waiting 4. thrown
5. depends
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