第17课 九年级 Units 5—6
课前预热
中考词汇拓展
重点易错单词
1. mention 提到;说到
2. chopstick 筷子
3. coin 硬币
4. fork 叉子
5. silver 银;银色的
6. glass 玻璃
7. cotton 棉;棉花
8. produce 生产;制造
9. process 加工;处理
10. local 当地的;本地的
11. avoid 避免
12. product 产品;制品
13. handbag 小手提包
14. mobile 可移动的
15. surface 表面;表层
16. material 材料;原料
17. traffic 交通
19. international 国际的
20. its 它的
21. scissors 剪刀
22. style 样式;款式
23. project 项目;工程
24. website 网站
25. list 列表;名单
26. nearly 几乎;差不多
27. ruler 统治者
28. boil 煮沸
29. remain 保持不变;剩余
30. national 国家的;民族的
31. fridge 冰箱
32. low 低的;矮的
33. earthquake 地震
34. instrument 器械;仪器
35. sour 酸的
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18. glove 手套
36. customer 顾客
词汇拓展
1. glass(n.)→ glasses (pl.)眼镜
2. leaf(n.)→ leaves (pl.)叶;叶子
3. produce(v.)→ product (n.)产品;制品
→ production (n.)生产;制造;出产
4. wide(adj.)→ widely (adv.)广泛地;普遍地
5. France(n.)→ French (n. & adj.)法国人,法语;法国的,法国人的,法语的
6. German(n. & adj.)→ Germany (n.)德国
7. postman(n.)→ postmen (pl.)邮递员
8. nation(n.)→ national (adj.)国家的;民族的
→ international (adj.)国际的
9. live(v.)→ alive (adj.)活着的;在世的
→ lively (adj.)生机勃勃的;(色彩)鲜艳的
10. complete(v. & adj.)→ completely
12. day(n.)→ daily (adj.)每日的;日常的
13. rule(v.)→ ruler (n.)统治者;支配者
14. smell(v. & n.)→ smelled/smelt (过去式)
→ smelled/smelt (过去分词)发出……气味;闻到
15. translate(v.)→ translation (n.)翻译
→ translator (n.)翻译员
16. sudden(adj.)→ suddenly (adv.)突然(地)
17. music(n.)→ musical (adj.)音乐的;有音乐天赋的
→ musician (n.)音乐家
18. custom(n.)→ customer (n.)顾客;客户
19. Canada(n.)→ Canadian (adj.)加拿大的;加拿大人的
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(adv.)完全地;完整地
11. please(v.)→ pleased (adj.)高兴的
→ pleasure (n.)高兴;愉快
20. hero(n.)→ heroes (pl.)英雄;男主角
21. ring(v.)→ rang (过去式)
→ rung (过去分词)(使)发出钟声或铃声;打电话
中考词组短语
词 组
1. be known for... 以……闻名
2. no matter无论
3. by accident偶然;意外地
4. take place发生
5. without doubt毫无疑问
6. all of a sudden突然
7. by mistake错误地
8. divide...into...把……分成……
9. look up to钦佩
10. be made of/from... 由……制成
11. be famous for... 因……著名
12. be picked by hand由手工采摘
13. be sent for processing被送去加工
21. be carefully shaped by hand
被小心翼翼地用手工加工成形
22. be fired at a very high heat被高温烧制
23. at midnight在午夜
24. in our daily lives在我们的日常生活中
25. over an open fire在篝火上
26. fall into the water掉进水里
27. a few thousand years later几千年之后
28. during the 6th and 7th centuries在第6和第7世纪期间
29. in less than 100 years在不到100年的时间里
30. spread the popularity of tea to...
把茶普及到……
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14. be made in在某地制造
15. avoid doing... 避免做……
16. be good at making everyday things擅长制造日用品
17. be painted with... 绘有……
18. be turned into objects of beauty被转变成美丽的物品
19. in trouble处于麻烦中
20. be cut with scissors用剪刀剪
31. be sold at a low price低价销售
32. translate...into... 把……翻译成……
33. be enjoyed by sb. for fun and exercise
被某人作为娱乐和锻炼而喜欢
34. on a hard floor在坚硬的地板上
35. stop...from... 阻止……做……
36. come up with the idea想出这个主意
中考句型回顾
书面表达素材
1. 物品的材质、产地和用途等
①The shirts are made of cotton. 这些衬衫是棉质的。
②He found it interesting that so many products in the local shops were made in China.
他发现了一件有趣的事,在当地的商店里,很多的商品是中国制造的。
③It is used for scooping really cold ice-cream.
它被用来舀相当冷的冰淇淋。
2. 发明
①Potato chips were invented by mistake . 炸薯条是无意中被发明的。
②The zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.
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拉链是由Whitcomb Judson在1893年发明的。
3. 文化风俗
① It’s said that a Chinese ruler called/named Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
据说一个名叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶这种饮料的。
② According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming.
根据中国的历史,孔明灯首先是被诸葛孔明使用的。
③They are seen as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes .
他们被看作是幸福和美好祝福的光明的象征。
④ Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
尽管现在很多人了解茶文化,但中国人无疑是最懂茶性的人。
⑤ For example , Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea.
例如,安溪和杭州都是因它们的茶而广为人知。
语法精萃
⑥ As far as I know , tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains.
据我所知,茶树被种在山的周围。
⑦Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art.
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每个中国不同的区域都有它特殊的传统艺术形式。
⑧During the Spring Festival, they are put on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.
春节期间,它们(剪纸)被贴在窗户、门以及墙上,象征好运、新年快乐。
情景交际
①They are made of bamboo and covered with paper.
它们是由竹子制造的,并用纸覆盖着。(一般现在时的被动语态)
②But at that time, it wasn’t used widely.
但是在那时它没有被广泛地使用。(一般过去时的被动语态)
课堂突破
中考重点单词与短语
一、produce的用法
【例句展示】
1. The plant produced a terrible smell.
这株植物散发出难闻的气味。
2. The factory produces mobile phones.
这家工厂生产手机。
【精讲辨析】
由例句1、2可知,produce是及物动词,意为“生产;制造;产生”。它有名词形式product,意为“产品”。
【活学活用】
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根据汉语意思翻译句子。
1. 那家工厂每个月生产多少玩具?
How many toys__________ in that factory every month?
2. 这混合物散发出令人愉快的气味。
The mixture__________ a pleasant smell.
二、no matter的用法
【例句展示】
1. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
无论你买什么,你可能会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。
2. No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.
无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
3. No matter who you are, you must obey the rules.
无论你是谁,都必须遵守规则。
4. No matter where you go, you should remember your home.
=Wherever you go, you should remember your home.
无论你去哪儿,你都应该记得你的家。
【精讲辨析】
1. no matter意为“无论;不论”。与what, who, when, where, which, how等疑问词连用,引导让步状语从句。状语从句的位置可放在主句前或主句后。在这样的让步状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
2. 引导让步状语从句时,“no matter+疑问词”结构相当于“疑问词+ever”。如:
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no matter how=however
no matter what=whatever
no matter when=whenever
no matter where=wherever
【活学活用】
用适当的词填空。
1. You can go to Singapore__________________you like—spring, summer, autumn or winter.
2. My dog always follows me__________ I go.
三、postman的用法
【例句展示】
1. The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s homes.
邮递员把信和明信片带到人们的家里来。
2. The postman has brought a parcel for you.
邮递员给你带来了一个包裹。
【精讲辨析】
1. postman是可数名词,意为“邮递员”,其复数形式为postmen。
2. 以-man结尾的名词,变复数形式时把-man变为-men的词还有:
woman(女人)→women
policeman(男警察)→policemen
policewoman(女警察)→policewomen
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Frenchman(法国人)→Frenchmen
Englishman(英国人)→Englishmen
businessman(商人)→businessmen
3. 以-man结尾,其复数形式在-man后加-s的词有:
human(人;人类)→humans
German(德国人)→Germans
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. They want to be________(postman) when they grow up.
2.________(German) are from Germany.
四、divide的用法
【例句展示】
1. He divided the cake among the children.
他把这个蛋糕分给了孩子们。
2. Let’s divide ourselves into several groups.
让我们分成几个小组吧。
3. The students in our class are divided into eight groups.
我们班的学生被分成了8个小组。
【精讲辨析】
divide是及物动词,意为“分开;分割”。divide...into...与separate...into...同义,意为“把……分成……”,此短语可用于被动语态,即be divided into,意为“被分为”。
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【活学活用】
用适当的短语填空。
A year has four seasons and it__________ twelve different star signs.
中考重点句型
一、It is believed that... 人们认为……
【例句展示】
1. It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
人们认为在第6世纪和第7世纪期间,茶被带到了韩国和日本。
2. It is believed that it is well worth seeing.
人们认为它是很值得看的。
3. It is said that they have won the game.
据说他们赢得了那场比赛。
【归纳提高】
It is believed that...相当于People believe that...,意为“人们认为……”,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句。类似的句型还有:It is said that...据说……;It is reported that...据报道……;It is known that...众所周知……;It is supposed/thought that...人们认为……。
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
It__________ (report) that the haze(雾霾) in Beijing caused many problems last week.
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二、sth. be used for doing... 某物被用来做……
【例句展示】
It’s used for scooping really cold ice-cream.
它是被用来舀相当冷的冰淇淋的。
【归纳提高】
1. be used for doing sth. 表示“被用来做某事”,可与be used to do sth. 进行转换。
2. be used还可与介词by连用,表示“被……使用”,介词by后接动作的执行者。如:
Bikes are used by most people in China.
自行车在中国被大部分人所使用。
3. be used还可与as连用,表示“作为……被使用”,as表示主语的性质。如:
English is used as the first language in England.
英语在英国被作为第一语言使用。
【活学活用】
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
1. 灯泡被用来在黑暗中照明。
Light bulbs__________ in the dark.
2. 竹子能被用来造纸。
Bamboo(竹子) can__________ make paper.
三、am/is/are+done被……
【例句展示】
1. This knife is made of wood and metal.
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这把刀是由木头和金属制造的。
2. Bananas are produced in Hainan.
香蕉在海南种植。
3. I am taken care of by my uncle.
我由我的叔叔照顾。
【归纳提高】
一般现在时的被动语态的构成:在一般现在时态的句子中,被动语态由“be(am, is, are)+及物动词的过去分词”构成。be动词随人称、数的变化而改变。
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. This kind of bike________(make) in Suzhou.
2.________ tea plants________(grow) in Hangzhou?
3. Now computers________(use) all over the world.
四、was/were+done过去被……
【例句展示】
1. The desk was made by my father.
这张桌子是我爸爸做的。
2. They were invented by Julie Thompson.
它们是由朱莉·汤普森发明的。
【归纳提高】
一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/were+及物动词的过去分词。
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【活学活用】
用所给词或短语的适当形式填空。
1. —Frog, Mo Yan’s latest novel, please!
—Sorry, it__________ (sell out) just now. But we will have it soon.
2. On June 11th, 2013, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts__________ (send up) into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.
3. Do you know when the first train__________(produce) in China?
4. —Have you heard about that car accident near the school?
—Yes, luckily, no one__________ (hurt).
中考词语辨析
一、invent与discover
【例句展示】
1. I think the calculator was invented before the computer.
我认为计算器是在计算机之前被发明的。
2. Tea was discovered by Shen Nong.
茶是由神农发现的。
【辨异突破】
invent是及物动词,意为“发明(前所未有的东西)”,名词形式有:invention发明物;inventor发明家。与discover的区别在于:
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invent指经过认识和实践创造出前所未有的事物;discover意为“发现”,指发现原来已经存在的事物(只是以前人们没有发现)。如:
Who discovered America?
谁发现了美洲?
【活学活用】
根据汉语意思翻译句子。
1. 这种电池供电的拖鞋是由两个人发明的。
The battery-operated slippers__________two people.
2. 后来他发现他儿子其实很聪明。
Later he__________that his son was very clever in fact.
3. 他总能发明新游戏逗孩子们开心。
He can always__________ new games to cheer kids up.
二、be made of与be made from
【例句展示】
1. Paper is made from wood.
纸是由木头制造的。
2. The desk is made of wood.
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这桌子是由木头做的。
【辨异突破】
be made作为被动语态的结构,它有多个词组搭配,且意义都不相同。be made of意为“由……制成”,材料是很明显看得出的;be made from也意为“由……制成”,但其材料不能从表面看出。还有be made in意为“在……(地方)制造”;be made up of意为“由……组成”;be made into意为“被做成……”;be made by则是“由……制造”之意。
【活学活用】
用适当的介词填空。
1. Our class is made________ 20 girls and 22 boys.
2. The bags made________ plastic are bad for our environment. Don’t use them anymore.
3. This kind of watch is made________ Japan.
三、please, pleased, pleasant与pleasure
【例句展示】
1. You can’t please everyone.
你不可能使每个人都满意。
2. The boy wasn’t pleased with his performance andcried.
这个小男孩对自己的表演不满意,哭了。
3. They can offer you a pleasant trip.
他们会给你提供一次愉快的旅行。
4. Reading books makes my life full of pleasure.
阅读使我的生活充满了快乐。
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【辨异突破】
please(v.)意为“使……满意”,please(int.)意为“请”;pleased(adj.)意为“满意的;感到高兴的”(人作主语);pleasant(adj.)意为“令人愉快的”(物作主语);pleasure(n.)意为“乐趣”。With pleasure.=Certainly.好的(用于回答对方请求);It’s a/my pleasure.不用谢(用于回答对方的感谢)。
【活学活用】
用please, pleased, pleasant或pleasure填空。
1. I’m________ with the________ trip.
2. —________clean up the room.
—With________.
四、everyday, every day与daily
【例句展示】
1. This is our everyday homework.
这是我们每天的作业。
2. He reads books every day.
他每天都看书。
3. He writes for the daily newspaper.
他为那家日报写稿。
【辨异突破】
1. everyday是形容词,意为“每天的;日常的”,在句中作定语,一般位于名词前面。
2. every day是副词词组,意为“每天”,在句中作状语,一般位于句首或句末。
3. daily作形容词或副词,意为“每天的(地)”,作形容词时,相当于everyday;作副词
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时,相当于every day。
【活学活用】
用everyday, every day或daily填空。
It’s necessary for us to go to school________ to learn________ English.
五、be known for, be known as与be known to
【例句展示】
1. Hangzhou is known for the West Lake.
杭州因西湖而闻名。
2. Zhou Jielun is known as a singer.
周杰伦以歌手身份而知名。
3. The Great Wall is known to the people around the world.
长城为全世界的人们所知。
【辨异突破】
1. be known for意为“因……而著名”,for表原因,其后跟表示某个人或物的特长、特点的词。
2. be known as意为“以……而知名”,as后多跟表示某个人的身份、职业的名词。
3. be known to意为“为……所知”。
【活学活用】
用for, as或to填空。
1. Han Han is known________ a writer.
2. The place is known________ its hot springs.
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3. Hangzhou is known________ the people all over the world.
六、each与every
【例句展示】
1. Each of the students has a new bike.
=The students each have a new bike.
=The students have a new bike each.
=Each student has a new bike.
每个学生都有一辆新自行车。
2. Every student has a new bike.
每个学生都有一辆新自行车。
【辨异突破】
1. each用于两者或两者以上中的每一个,强调个体;可用作形容词、副词或代词,可作定语、状语、主语和同位语。
2. every用于三者或三者以上,强调整体;用作形容词,作定语。
【活学活用】
用each或every填空。
1. There are some flowers on________ side of the river.
2. They go to Hong Kong________ year.
七、lively, living, live与alive
【例句展示】
1. The lecture is very lively.
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这个讲座很生动。
2. The old woman is still living.
这位老妇人仍然健在。
3. Don’t touch it. It’s a live snake.
别碰它,它是一条活蛇。
4. She was alive when they took her to the hospital.
他们把她送往医院时,她还活着。
【辨异突破】
1. lively意为“生气勃勃的;(色彩)鲜艳的”,作定语(前置)、表语或宾语补足语,既可指人,又可指物。
2. living意为“活着的”,强调说明“健在”,常作表语或定语,多用于指物,也可指人。
3. live读作/laiv/时,意为“活的”,一般作定语,只修饰物,不修饰人。
4. alive意为“活着的”,侧重生与死之间的界限,常作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语,多用于指人,也可指物。
【活学活用】
用适当的词填空。
He has a strange way of making his classes________and interesting.
当堂检测
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
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1. Many of Mo Yan’s works________(translate) into foreign languages last year.
2. Glass didn’t become________(wide) used until the 13th century.
3. When autumn comes, the________(leaf) on the trees turn brown and fall in piles.
4. On weekends, the supermarket is usually full of (customer).
5. Among all the cinemas, Movie World sells the tickets at the________(low) price.
6. When Tony got to school, he found the classroom door(lock).
7. Are they Germans or________(Canada)?
8. Parents always care about the________(safe) of the children.
9. The class is________(divide) into four groups to discuss the problem.
10. The boys are________(throw) stones into the river.
二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。
see hero German process lively
1. I have never been to France or________.
2. I don’t like this man. I try to avoid________ him.
3. All the meat________ in this factory.
4. Shanghai is one of the________ cities in China.
5. Lin Zexu was one of the most famous nationalin the recent history.
三、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示,在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
The beautiful sound of bamboo xiao reminds people of a lonely moon. That’s a moon highly hanging in the sky of a cold autumn night. It is the sound of the nature. There are even some xiao 1 (展览会) in China every year. It’s a kind of Chinese traditional instrument. Nowadays, it has become one of the 2
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(国际的) instruments.The earliest xiao was 3 (生产) during the Han Dynasty. And 4 (它的) name was then qiangdi, which was popular among the Qiang people in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces. Qiangdi was a 5 (当地的) instrument then. In the first century BC, it became popular in the Yellow River area. Later, it was 6 (广泛地) used in China and it developed into an instrument with six holes, which was extremely 7 (相似的) to today’s xiao.
Its structure is quite simple, very much like the flute(长笛), but it’s longer. Its 8 (材料) is usually bamboo. There is a mouth on the top and five sound holes on the front side and one hole at the back. Besides, there are other holes that are designed to adjust the tunes(曲调), smooth the tones(音调), and raise the volume(音量). Xiao sounds soft and peaceful.
The performance 9 (形式) are mainly the same as those of the flute. However, it is less 10 (有生气的) than the flute. For that reason, it is only suitable to play slow and peaceful lyrics, which expresses people’s feelings and draws a beautiful picture of nature.
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参考答案
课堂突破
【中考重点单词与短语】
一、1. are produced 2. produces
二、1. no matter when/whenever 2. no matter where/wherever
三、1. postmen 2. Germans
四、is divided into
【中考重点句型】
一、was reported
二、1. are used for seeing 2. be used to
三、1. is made 2. Are, grown 3. are used
四、1. was sold out 2. was sent up 3. was produced 4. was hurt
【中考词语辨析】
一、1. were invented by 2. discovered 3. invent
二、1. up of 2. of 3. in
三、1. pleased, pleasant 2. Please, pleasure
四、every day, everyday/daily
五、1. as 2. for 3. to
六、1. each 2. every
七、lively
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当堂检测
一、1. were translated 2. widely 3. leaves 4. customers
5. lowest 6. was locked 7. Canadians 8. safety
9. divided 10. throwing
二、1. Germany 2. seeing 3. is processed 4. liveliest
5. heroes
三、1. fairs 2. international 3. produced 4. its
5. local 6. widely 7. similar 8. material
9. forms 10. lively
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