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Section_ⅣLesson 2 & Lesson 3 — Language Points
一、这样记单词
记得准·写得对
记得快·记得多
Ⅰ.基础词汇
1.alcohol n． 酒；酒精
2.reception n. 招待；招待会
3.retire vi. 退休
4.salary n. 薪水
5.teenager n. 青少年
6.bunch n. 束，串
7.ceremony n. 典礼，仪式
8.entrance n. 入口
9.attend vt. 出席，参加
10.link vt. 连接
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
1.invitation n．请柬；邀请→invite vt.邀请
2.contribute vt.捐献；贡献→contribution n．贡献
3.apply vi.申请；vt.应用→application n．申请；应用→applicant n．申请人
4.depend vi.依赖，依靠→dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的
5.smartly adv.潇洒地；漂亮地→smart adj.潇洒的；漂亮的；聪明的
6.congratulation n．祝贺→congratulate vt.祝贺
1.salary n．薪水
[同义] ①wage工资 ②pay工资 ③income收入
2.teenager n．青少年
[同义] adolescent n．青少年
[联想] 人生阶段各不同
①baby n．婴儿 ②kid/child n．小孩③youth n．青年 ④adult/grownup n．成年
3.ceremony n．典礼，仪式
[词块] ①a wedding/marriage ceremony婚礼
②a(n) opening/closing ceremony开幕式/闭幕式
4.entrance n．入口
[反义] exit n．出口[词块] the entrance to ...……的入口
5.attend vt.出席，参加
[联想] “参加”词汇小结
①take part in (＝participate in)参加(活动、运动等)②join in参加；加入 ③enter v．参加(比赛)
④join v．成为……的一员；参加；加入
6.link vt.连接
[同义] ①connect v．连接 ②combine v．结合，联合
7.depend vi.依赖，依靠
[搭配] depend on依赖/靠；取决于
[同义] rely/count on
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二、这样记短语
记牢固定短语
多积常用词块
1.apply for 请求，申请
2．on time 准时
3．congratulate sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺某事
4．a bunch of 一串/束
5．retire from 从……退休
6．depend on 依靠，依据，根据
7．go through 穿过；浏览
8．go with 与……一起；与……相配
1.win the match/competition 赢得比赛
2．get married 结婚
3．That’s brilliant! 太棒了！
4．pass driving test 通过驾驶考试
5．a wedding ceremony/reception 结婚庆典/喜宴
6．get an invitation 收到请柬
7．drink alcohol 喝酒
8．go to the church 去教堂
三、这样记句式
先背熟
再悟通
后仿用
1.Don’t worry if you can’t understand everything.
如果你无法全部听懂，也不要担心。
not ... everything是部分否定，表示“并不都……”。
Everything/All that glitters is not gold.
并非所有发光的都是金子。
2.Listen more than once, if possible.
如果可能的话，不止一次地听。
if possible为省略句，其完整的形式应为：if it is possible。
If_possible,_try and go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。
3.Finally, I told them that they really ought not to argue so much because it makes me hate weddings for life.
最后，我告诉她们确实不应该争得这么厉害，因为那使我一辈子都讨厌婚礼。
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处动词原形作宾补。
What our English teacher said at the meeting made_us_feel more confident.
我们的英语老师在大会上的发言让我们感到更自信了。
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1．(教材P38)There were twenty other people applying for the job!
另外有二十人申请这项工作。
apply v．申请；应用；运用
apply to (doing) sth. 适用于(做)某事
apply ... to (doing) sth. 把……应用于(做)某事
apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于，专心于(做)某事
apply (to ...) for sth. (向……)申请某物
①The rules haven’t applied to new situations now.
这些规章制度已经不适应现在的新形势。
②We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case should theory be separated from practice.
我们必须把所学的知识应用到日常工作中去，因为理论与实践绝不能分开。
③Over the years, he has applied himself to improving (improve) the living conditions of the migrant workers.
数年来，他一直致力于改善农民工的生活条件。
④The graduate applied to the company for a job but was refused.
这个大学毕业生向这家公司申请工作但被拒之门外了。
2．(教材P39)depend on根据，依据；依靠；信赖；取决于，视……而定
depend on sb./sth. 依赖某人/事，相信某人/事可靠
depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠/指望某人做某事
depend on sb. for sth. 指望/依靠某人/事得到某物
depend on it that ... 相信……；指望……
That/It (all) depends. 视情况而定。(常作为交际用语)
①Many young people don’t want to depend on their parents.
许多年轻人不想依赖父母。
②He is so selfish that you can’t depend on him to_help (help) you.
他很自私，别指望他能帮助你。
③We can depend on it that he will arrive here on time.
我们可以相信他会准时到这儿。
④—Can you finish the work before Sunday?
—That_depends./It_(all)_depends.
——你可以在星期天之前完成这项工作吗？
——这要看情况而定。
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[名师点津] depend on后边跟从句时常用 it 作形式宾语。
3．(教材P39)You should be on time!
你应该准时来！
on time准时
ahead of time 提前
all the time 一直
at times 有时
at one time 曾经，一度
in time 及时；最终
from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔
at a time 一次，每次
at any time 随时，任何时候
at no time 从未，决不(置于句首，句子要倒装)
in no time 立刻，马上
①Tell him that he must be at the meeting on time.
请告诉他，他务必按时到会。
②At no time did (do) anyone involved speak to the press.
任何相关人员都没有向媒体发表过言论。
③At_one_time Jean and I were good friends. She was a kind girl and I could go to her for help at any time when I had trouble because I knew she would always solve the problems ④in_time. Jean was clever, and at the same time she was diligent. She liked to finish her homework ⑤ahead_of_time in order to have time to practise writing. Jean also liked walking. From time to time we would take a walk along a river after supper.
我和琼曾经是好朋友。她是一个善良的女孩，当我有麻烦时，我随时向她求助，因为我知道她总是能帮我及时解决问题。琼很聪明，同时她也很勤奋。她喜欢提前完成作业，以便有时间练习写作。琼也喜欢散步。我们吃过晚饭后会有时沿着河边散步。
4．(教材P39)congratulation n．祝贺；贺词(常用复数)
(1)congratulations (to sb.) on (doing) sth.
祝贺某人(做)某事
offer/send/express one’s congratulations to sb.on sth.
向某人祝贺某事
(2)congratulate v. 祝贺
congratulate sb.on (doing) sth. 就(做)某事向某人祝贺
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①—I have won the first place in the debating competition.
—Congratulations (to you)!
——我赢得了这次辩论赛的第一名。
——祝贺你！
②We offer our congratulations to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.
我们祝贺你们通过了高考。
③She congratulated me warmly on my good exam results.
她热烈祝贺我考试取得好成绩。
[辨析比较] congratulate, celebrate
congratulate
意为“祝贺”，其宾语是人，常用于congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.结构
celebrate
意为“庆祝”，限于事物，如生日、节日、纪念日、胜利之类的名词
选用上述单词填空
Li Ming held a party to ④celebrate his admission to Tsinghua University, and all his friends came to ⑤congratulate him on it.
李明举行了一个聚会庆祝自己被清华大学录取。他的朋友们都来祝贺他。
5．(教材P40)Everyone can attend the reception afterwards.
人人都可参加典礼后的婚宴。
attend vt.出席，参加；看护，照料
attend a meeting/wedding 出席会议/参加婚礼
attend classes/school/church 上课/上学/去教堂
attend to 处理，对付；照顾；招待
①The famous musician was far too busy. He didn’t attend her wedding ceremony though he was invited.
这位著名的音乐家实在是太忙了。即便受到了邀请，他也无法参加她的婚礼仪式。
②You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend_an_international_meeting.(2013·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
你知道，我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市参加一个国际会议。
③I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to_attend_to.
今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。
[辨析比较] take part in, join, join in, attend
take part in
指积极地参加群众性活动、会议等并起作用
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join
指加入某党派、组织或社会团体而成为其中的一员(become a member of)。其宾语常为 party, army, club, group 等
join in
多指参加某项活动活、聚会或讨论等，口语中常与take part in通用。表示“与人一起做事”，用 join sb. in (doing) sth.
attend
一般用于指参加会议(meeting)，出席典礼(ceremony)或招待会(reception)等，也可以指上学(school)、听课(lecture)、听演讲或讲座(speech)等
选用上述词语填空
④All the league members attended the meeting, at which ten students joined the League.
全体团员参加了会议，在会上10名学生入了团。
⑤I often attend a meeting and sometimes take_part_in/join_in its discussion.
我经常出席会议，有时会参与会议的讨论。
[名师点津] attend to作“处理”讲时，与do (deal) with近义；作“照顾”讲时，与take care of, look after近义。
6．(教材P40)But don’t worry, you don’t have to contribute a lot of money.
但别担心，你不必放很多钱。
contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；投稿；有助于，导致
(1)contribute ... to ... 把……捐献给……；给……撰稿
contribute to 为……做出贡献；有助于，增进；
导致；给……投稿
(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿
make a contribution/contributions to
对……做出贡献
①Many people are willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.
很多人愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
②From this story, I am firmly convinced of the importance of honesty, which will contribute to building (build) a warm and harmonious society.
通过这个故事，我坚信诚实的重要性，这将有助于建立一个温暖和谐的社会。
③She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多稿件。
④Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and
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make_some_contributions_to the class.
参加比赛对我来说是个难得的好机会，它让我展示舞蹈技艺，并对班级做出贡献。
[语境串记] Kindhearted people contributed money to the poor kids, which contributed to their returning to school. A writer wrote an article about this and contributed it to a magazine.
好心人为贫困的孩子捐钱，这使他们重返校园。一位作家就这件事写了一篇文章，并投稿给一家杂志社。
[名师点津] 以上搭配中，to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。
7．(教材P40)A long silk ribbon that links the crowns is a symbol of a long and happy life for the couple.
连接花冠的长长丝带象征着一对新人幸福长久的生活。
link
(1)vi.& vt.连接，联系
link ... to/with/and .. .把……与……连接/联系起来
be linked to/with ... 与……有联系
link up (with) (与……)连接/结合
①The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
这座新的大桥将这座岛屿与大陆连接起来。
②You’d better give up smoking, Tom; for many diseases are linked to/with smoking, you know.
你最好把烟戒掉，汤姆，你应该知道，很多疾病都与抽烟有关。
③From the map we can see the two highways link up here.
从地图上我们看到，两条公路在这里连接起来了。
(2)n.联系；纽带
a link between ... and ... ……与……之间的联系
a link with ... 与……的联系
④As a matter of fact, there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
事实上，吸烟和肺癌有直接关联。
[名师点津] “连接”表达法多又多：
把……和……连接起来
1. Don’t worry if you can’t understand everything.
如果你无法全部听懂，也不要担心。
not ... everything是部分否定，表示“并不都……”。
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①I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with everything.
我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。
(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
②It’s impossible for all the applicants (求职者) to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.
＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them aren’t fit for them.
并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。
③Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.
＝Not_both of the two math problems are very difficult.
这两道数学题并非都很难。
(2)若表示完全否定，可借助于none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, never 等。
④None of us knows how to face the problem.
我们中没有人知道该如何去面对这个问题。
⑤—Is there anyone absent today?
—No one.
——今天有人缺席吗？
——没有。
2．Finally, I told them that they really ought not to argue so much because it makes me hate weddings for life!
最后，我告诉她们确实不该争得这么厉害，因为那使我一辈子都讨厌婚礼。
makes me hate属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式有：
(1)“make＋宾语＋n.” 意为“使、让某人/某物(成为)……”。当宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词时，名词前无冠词
①We made him captain of our football team.
我们推选他作我们足球队队长。
(2)“make＋宾语＋adj.” 意为 “使某人/某事(变得)……”。
②The news that our team had won made_us_very_happy.
我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
[名师点津] 当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
③The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
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(3)“make＋宾语＋do sth.(不带to的不定式)”意为“使某人做某事”。 在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的不定式符号to 要还原。
④Every day my mother made me have an egg and some milk.
＝Every day I am made to_have (have) an egg and some milk by my mother.
母亲每天要我吃一个鸡蛋，喝一些牛奶。
(4)“make＋宾语＋v.ed(过去分词)”，此时构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是动宾关系，也可表示宾补所发生的动作已经完成，意为“使某人/某事被……”。
⑤The strange noise made us frightened.
奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。
⑥He couldn’t make himself heard (hear) above the noise of the traffic.
在交通嘈杂声中，他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Is she in? If not,_could I speak to her sister?
2．Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
3．This Old Silk Road linked China with the West in ancient times.
4．You may depend on it that he will join our club.
5．The teacher managed to make herself understood (understand) in very simple English.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．An old lady came into our store just as it was open, so I went up to attend_to_her (招待她) immediately.
2．Not_all_men (并不是所有的人) can be masters.
3．With you to help us, we are sure to finish_the_work_on_time (按时完成工作)．
4．All living things depend_on_the_sun (依靠太阳) for their growth.
5．I made up my mind to apply_for_a_scholarship (申请奖学金)．
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The government offered the scientist ￥5,000,000 in reward for his great contributions (贡献)．
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2．I send you my warmest congratulations (祝贺) on your success.
3．Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, applying (申请) for a job in the company.
4．Li Ming suddenly fell ill while attending (参加) his friend’s wedding.
5．He turned down the invitation (邀请) to stay for lunch as he had to hurry back for a class.
6．It is impossible to bring up a family on such a low salary (薪水).
7．The president left his sick bed to attend the opening ceremony (仪式)．
8．All visitors are required to show their tickets at the entrance (入口) to the museum.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．You may depend on that I shall always support you.on后加it
2．We hope your suggestion will contribute to solve the problem.solve→solving_
3．The boy was made work twelve hours a day.work前加to
4．The bands have linked up with for a charity concert.去掉with
5．He applied himself to learn French.learn→learning
6．The letter arrived offering congratulation on my graduation from the university.congratulation→congratulations
7．The kids will be leaving home at no time.at→in
8．All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend a school.去掉a
Ⅲ.选词填空
even if/though， on time， go through， a bunch of， contribute to， apply for， attend to， depend on
1．It’s amazing that Tom is too fat to go_through the door.
2．I may be late — I have one or two things to attend_to.
3．His visit contributed_to a better understanding between the two countries.
4．Jack was worried about whether he’d be able to get there on_time.
5．You can depend_on him to make a sound choice.
6．Jack has been out of work for a long time, so he wants to apply_for a job in this factory.
7．Mary received a_bunch_of roses on Valentine’s Day.
8．He will make the same mistakes again, even_if/though they all have been pointed out.
Ⅳ.串点成篇微表达
在参加(attend)了一个志愿组织举办的会议之后，艾米便想申请(apply)做一名可以被依赖(depend on)的志愿者。尽管(even if/though)
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她还是一名学生，她希望能定期地给学校的孤儿们捐(contribute)一部分钱。如果可能的话(if possible)，她想联系一个贫困家庭并努力帮助他们的孩子学习。然而(however)，他的父母告诉她并不是一切(not everything)都会按照她计划的发展下去。因此他们建议她先帮助周围需要帮助的同学。
After_attending_a_meeting_held_by_an_volunteering_organization,_Amy_wanted_to_apply_to_be_a_volunteer_who_could_be_depended_on._Even_if_she_was_still_a_student,_she_hoped_to_contribute_some_money_to_the_orphans_at_school_regularly._If_possible,_she_wanted_to_get_in_touch_with_a_poor_family_and_tried_to_help_them_with_their_children’s_study._However,_her_parents_told_her_that_not_everything_could_go_as_she_planned._So_they_advised_her_to_help_the_classmates_in_need_around_her.
二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Carnival today is an international, multicultural experience. But how did it become so? To understand what carnival is all about, we need to look at the history of America and the meeting of two cultures — European and African.
The arrival of Europeans in America, and the opening of huge farms and plantations (种植园) to grow cotton, fruit and vegetables, meant there was an immediate need for people to work on them. This marked the beginning of the slave trade. For more than two hundred years, until the beginning of the 19th century, when the trade was finally stopped, millions of people were taken by force from their homes in Africa and transported to the New World to work as slaves. Six million were taken to the Caribbean islands where there were British and French landowners.
Naturally, the Europeans also imported their own festivals. So the slaves were forced to watch as their masters celebrated carnival with food, drink, and masked dances. In Trinidad, the slaves began to hold their own carnival celebrations: they painted their faces white, imitating (模仿) their masters and making fun of them. But at the same time they were continuing their own African traditions — such as walking round a village wearing masks and singing — a custom which they thought would bring good luck.
When the slave trade was abolished (废除) in 1838 the former slaves took over the carnival. It became more colourful and more exciting than it had been before. Magnificent costumes (服装) were made and musical bands created. Carnival became a celebration of freedom.
With the passing of time, the white inhabitants of the island began to take part in the carnival, too — and they were welcomed by their former slaves. Carnival became a way to unite different communities, as people forgot their everyday problems and enjoyed
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themselves eating, drinking, and dancing. Today, visitors from all over the world come to this small state in the Caribbean to join in the fun. Carnival has become a celebration of life itself.
1．Which is the topic of the passage?
A．The meaning of carnival
B．A celebration of freedom
C．The meeting of cultures
D．A celebration of life
解析：选A 主旨大意题。全文主题是介绍狂欢节的起源、演变、现状以及庆祝方式、参加人员及意义，A项正确，概括性强。B、D项均是某一段的概括。C项内容太宽泛。
2．Carnival has something to do with the following except ________.
A．the history of America B．African cultures
C．Asian cultures D．European cultures
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容用排除法可得出答案。
3．It can be inferred that carnival was taken from ________.
A．Australia B．America
C．Africa D．Europe
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知。
4．Carnival became a celebration of freedom mainly because ________.
A．the slaves wanted to make fun of their masters
B．slaves wanted to keep their African traditions
C．slaves trade was stopped
D．magnificent costumes and musical bands were made
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，废除奴隶买卖后奴隶成了狂欢节的主角，节日变得更丰富多彩更刺激，成为庆祝自由的节日。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My nephew is __1__ sunny boy and he is good at all of his subjects except English. This summer holiday I __2__ (have) to help him with his English because he failed his English test again. In my opinion he __3__ have learnt it well, because he is always working hard. I told him that he __4__ worry about it, above all he must believe __5__ himself and ignore the fact that he was a little poor in English and that __6__ he put his heart into English, he could catch up with others. __7__ (hear) my words, he looked confident and studied even __8__ (hard). To my __9__ (satisfy), he has made rapid progress since. I’m sure he will succeed because nothing is __10__ (possible) to a willing heart.
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答案：1.a 2.had 3.should 4.needn’t 5.in 6.if
7．Hearing 8.harder 9.satisfaction 10.impossible
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