语法专题(六)
形容词和副词
PART
TWO
第二篇
语法突破篇
【中考考点】
(
1
)形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级的基本用法。
(
2
)形容词与副词的基本用法及区别。
(
3
)形容词、副词的词义辨析。
考点一
形容词
1.
形容词的功能
(
1
)形容词作定语
①
单个形容词作定语时
,
放在被修饰的名词前。
She is a good girl.
她是一个好女孩儿。
②
形容词修饰不定代词时
,
要放在不定代词的后面。
There is nothing important.
没有什么重要的事情。
③enough
作形容词修饰名词时
,
既可放在名词前面
,
也可放在名词后面。
We have enough money/money enough to buy every book here.
我们有足够的钱可以买这里的每一本书。
④
“基数词
-
单数可数名词
-
形容词”为复合形容词
,
放在被修饰的名词前面。
Tom is an eight-year-old boy.
汤姆是一个八岁的男孩。
(
2
)形容词作表语时
,
与连系动词构成系表结构。
The meal is delicious.
这顿饭很美味。
(
3
)形容词作宾语补足语时
,
用来说明宾语的性质、状态或特征。
I found the book interesting.
我发现这本书很有趣。
2.-ing
类形容词和
-ed
类形容词的用法
-ing
类形容词多指事物对人的影响
,
一般修饰事物
;-ed
类形容词多指人对事物的感受
,
主语多是人。
I felt excited to take part in the exciting activity.
参加这个令人兴奋的活动我感到很兴奋。
考点二 副词
1.
副词的分类
类别
例词
类别
例词
时间副词
soon, now, early, finally,
once,recently
等
频度副词
usually, always, often, hardly, seldom, never
等
地点副词
here, nearby,outside,
upwards,above
等
疑问副词
how, where, when, why
等
方式副词
hard,well,fast,slowly, excitedly,really
等
连接副词
how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
等
程度副词
almost, nearly,very, fairly,quite, rather
等
关系副词
when, where, why
等
2.
副词的位置
(
1
)地点、时间和方式副词一般放在句末。频率副词放在
be
动词、情态动词及助动词之后
,
实义动词之前。
(
2
)副词修饰形容词或其他副词时
,
放在被修饰词之前。但副词
enough
通常放在被修饰词之后。
3.
形容词与副词的转换
构成
例词
与形容词同形
fast, late, early, deep, little, hard, only, back, well, enough, long, high
形容词后直接加
-ly
sad
→
sadly, polite
→
politely
以“辅音字母
+y
”结尾的形容词
,
变
y
为
i,
再加
-ly
happy
→
happily,
angry
→
angrily
以“辅音字母
+le
”结尾的形容词
,
去
e,
再加
-y
simple
→
simply,
terrible
→
terribly
少数以
e
结尾的形容词
,
去
e,
再加
-ly
true
→
truly
考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级的构成
1.
规则变化
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般在单音
节词尾
加
-er,-est
small
fast
quick
smaller
faster
quicker
smallest
fastest
quickest
以不发音的
e
结尾的单音节词加
-r,-st
nice
fine
nicer
finer
nicest
finest
以“辅音字母
+y
”结尾的双音节词
,
变
y
为
i,
再加
-er,-est
early
happy
earlier
happier
earliest
happiest
(续表)
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词
,
先双写末尾的辅音字母
,
再加
-er,-est
red
big
thin
redder
bigger
thinner
reddest
biggest
thinnest
部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加
more, most
interesting
important
more
interesting
more
important
most
interesting
most
important
2.
不规则变化
good/well
→
better
→
best,
many/much
→
more
→
most,
ill/bad/badly
→
worse
→
worst,
little
→
→
,
far
→
farther/further
→
farthest/furthest
less
least
【巧学妙记】
俩“好”俩“多”“坏病”“远
,
少”
考点四 形容词和副词常用的句型结构
1.
原级常用的句型结构
(
1
)“
as+
形容词
/
副词原级
+as
”表示“和……一样”。
Lucy is as old as Kate.
露西和凯特的年龄一样大。
Tom runs
Mike.
汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。
(
2
)“
not+as/so+
形容词
/
副词原级
+as
” 表示“……不如……”。
This classroom is
that one.
这间教室不如那间大。
He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.
他走路不像你那样慢。
(
3
)表示“
A
是
B
的……倍”时
,
用“
A+
v.
+
倍数
+as+
形容词
/
副词原级
+as+B
”结构。
Our school is three times as big as theirs.
我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。
[
注意
]
说明人或物自身体征、性质时用原级
,very, quite, so, too
只能用于修饰原级。
as fast as
not as/so big as
2.
比较级常用的句型结构
(
1
)“
A+
v.
+
比较级
+than+any other+
可数名词单数(
+
介词短语)”表示“
A
比同一范围内的任何一个人
/
物都……”
,
含义是“
A
最……”。
Xiaoming is taller than
in his class.
=Xiaoming is taller than
(
any of
)
the other boys in his class.
小明比他班上的其他任何男孩都高。
=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class.
小明是他班上最高的男孩。
(
2
)“
A+
v.
+the+
比较级
+of the two+
…”表示“
A
是两者中较……的”。
Look at the two boys. Xiaoming is
the two.
看那两个男孩
,
小明是两个当中较高的那个。
(
3
)“比较级
+and+
比较级”表示“越来越……”。
He is getting
.
他越来越高了。
He does his homework more and more carefully.
他做作业越来越认真了。
any other boy
the taller of
taller and taller
(
4
)“
the+
比较级
,the+
比较级”表示“越……
,
就越……”。
you work,
your grades will be.
你越努力学习
,
你的成绩就会越好。
(
5
)“特殊疑问词
+
v.
+
比较级
,A or B?
”
Which is bigger, the blue ball or the red one?
哪一个球更大
,
蓝球还是红球
?
[
注意
]
表示两者进行比较时用比较级
,
比较级前可用
much, even, a little, a bit, a lot, far
等词修饰。
The harder
the better
3.
最高级常用句型结构
(
1
)“主语
+
v.
+the+
最高级(
+
可数名词单数)
+in/of
短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。
Tom is the tallest
(
student
)
in his class.
汤姆是他班上最高的(学生)。
I jump
in my class.
我是我班上跳得最远的。
(
2
)“主语
+
v.
+one of the+
最高级
+
可数名词复数
+in/of
短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
Beijing is
in China.
北京是中国最大的城市之一。
(
3
)“特殊疑问词
+
v.
+the+
最高级
,A,B or C?
”用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较。
Which season do you like
, spring, summer or autumn?
你最喜欢哪一个季节
,
春天、夏天还是秋天
?
(
4
)“主语
+
v.
+the+
序数词
+
最高级
+
可数名词单数
+in/of
短语”表示“……是……中的第几最……”。
Tom is
boy in his class.
汤姆是他班上第二高的男生。
(
the
)
farthest
one of the biggest cities
best/
(
the
)
most
the second tallest
对接中考专练
Ⅰ.
单项选择
1.[2018
·河北
] This dog looks
. It’s wearing red shoes.
A.clever B.brave C.funny D.careful
2.[2017
·河北
] Eating dumplings at the Spring Festival is
in China.
A.patient B.lucky C.possible D.traditional
3.[2017
·河北
] Mr. Liu is a really nice person
—
the
person I know.
A.nicer B.nicest C.happier D.happiest
4.[2016
·河北
] You bought the last ticket for the concert. How
you are!
A.sweet B.lucky C.strange D.funny
5.[2016
·河北
] I can’t tell the exact time. My watch goes a few minutes
.
A.sooner B.faster C.later D.longer
C
D
B
B
B
对接中考专练
6.[2015
·河北
] Mom, I’m very
for all your love.
A.thankful B.careful
C.useful D.helpful
7.[2015
·河北
] The movie covers all of Chinese history. It is
worth seeing again.
A.mainly B.really
C.possibly D.hardly
7.B
句意
:
这部电影涵盖了全部中国历史
,
真的很值得再看一次。
mainly
意为
“
主要地
”;really
意为
“
真的
”;possibly
意为
“
可能
”; hardly
意为
“
几乎不
”
。由句意可知选
B
。
A
B
对接中考专练
8.[2014
·河北
] How
Cindy grows! She’s almost as tall as her mother now.
A.cute B.strong C.fast D.straight
9.[2014
·河北
] Water is the cheapest drink. And it is also
.
A.healthier B.healthiest C.the healthier D.the healthiest
10.[2013
·河北
] I’m sorry I’m late. I should get here 10 minutes
.
A.early B.earlier C.the earlier D.the earliest
11.[2013
·河北
] We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so
.
A.quick B.quickly C.useful D.usefully
C
D
B
B
对接中考专练
12.[2018
·邯郸一模
] Yummy!It is the
Chinese style cake that I have ever had.
A.worse B.worst C.nicer D.nicest
13.[2018
·秦皇岛海港区一模
]
—
Guess what! Teresa makes her own clothes!
—
Wow, she is so
. I could never do that.
A.simple B.creative C.popular D.careful
14.[2018
·唐山滦南县二模
] We all like her songs. How
her voice sounds.
A.sweet B.terrible C.low D.high
15.[2018
·张家口桥东区模拟
] Your shoes are
. You’d better wash it right now.
A.dirty B.old C.wet D.clean
D
B
A
A
对接中考专练
Ⅱ.
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.[2018
·武威
] I haven’t seen them
(
recent
)
.
2.[2018
·无锡
] The tourists had waited at the airport for two hours. They were
getting
(
patient
)
.
3.[2018
·徐州
] I bought the computer
(
simple
)
because it was cheap.
4.John speaks English as
(
good
)
as Mike. They are both good at English.
5.He is the only one who failed in the math exam. He studies the
(
little
)
carefully.
recently
impatient
simply
well
least