语法专题(十一)
主谓一致
PART
TWO
第二篇
语法突破篇
【中考考点】
(
1
)就近一致原则。(
2
)意义一致原则。
(
3
)语法一致原则。
考点一 就近一致
原则
就近一致原则就是谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
1.
由
either
…
or
…
,neither
…
nor
…
,not
…
but
…
,not only
…
but also
…等连接并列主语时
,
谓语动词的数与最靠近它的主语保持一致。
Neither her parents nor she herself
a bank clerk.
她父母和她本人都不是银行职员。
Either my father or my mother
on weekdays.
在工作日
,
不是我爸爸就是我妈妈做饭。
2.
当
there be
句型中的主语是一系列事物时
,
谓语动词的数应与离其最近的主语保持一致。
There
a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
书桌上有一支钢笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There
twenty boys and twenty-three girls in the classroom.
教室里有
20
名男生和
23
名女生。
3.
在
here
引导的句子中
,
当主语不止有一个时
,
谓语动词通常与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。
cooks
is
are
is
考点二 意义一致
原则
1.
有些集合名词
,
如
family,class,team
等
,
作主语时
,
若看作整体时
,
谓语动词用单数形式
;
若强调其中的每个成员时
,
谓语动词用复数形式。
Mr.Smith’s family
a big one.
史密斯先生家是一个大家庭。
Mr.Smith’s family
watching TV.
史密斯一家正在看电视。
2.all, either, neither, most, more, some, any, none
作主语时
,
若代表可数名词复数
,
谓语动词用复数形式
;
若代表可数名词单数或不可数名词
,
谓语动词用单数形式。
Now all
been changed.
现在一切都变了。
All
present.
所有的都在这儿。
is
are
has
are
3.
“分数或百分数
+of+
名词
/
代词”以及“
a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/
(
a
)
part of+
名词
/
代词”构成的短语作主语时
,
其谓语动词的数由
of
后面的名词或代词决定。若名词是可数名词复数
,
代词是除第三人称单数以外的人称代词
,
谓语动词用复数形式
;
若名词是可数名词单数或不可数名词
,
代词是第三人称单数
,
谓语动词用单数形式。
Lots of damage
caused by fire.
很多损失是由火灾造成的。
4.
名词所有格之后的名词被省略
,
表示“商店、工厂、住宅”等意义
,
且作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数形式。
The doctor’s
across from the bank.
诊所在银行的对面。
was/is
is
5.politics, physics, the United States, news, math
(
s
) 等词作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数形式。
The news
very exciting.
那则新闻是非常令人兴奋的。
Physics
a bit difficult for me.
物理对我来说有点儿难。
6.
表时间、距离、长度、价格、度量的词(短语)及动名词、动词不定式等作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数形式。加减乘除也常看作整体
,
谓语动词也用单数形式。
Twenty years
a long time.
二十年是一段很长的时间。
is
is
is
7.
“
a number of+
复数名词”作主语时
,
谓语动词用复数形式
;
“
the number of+
复数名词”作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of players
from America.
很多运动员来自美国。
The number of the students in our class
50.
我们班的学生数是五十。
8.
形式上虽为单数
,
但意义为复数的名词
,
如
people, police
等作主语时
,
谓语动词用复数形式。
A lot of people
dancing outside.
很多人正在外面跳舞。
The police
looking for the lost boy.
警察正在找那个丢失的男孩。
is
are/come
are
are
考点三 语法一致
原则
1.each
以及由
some-, any-, no-, every-
等构成的复合不定代词作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数形式。
Each of us
an English book.
我们每个人都有一本英语书。
everybody ready?
每个人都准备好了吗
?
2.
常以复数形式出现的名词
,
如
glasses, shoes, trousers, shorts
等作主语时
,
谓语动词用复数形式。若前面有“一条”“一副”“一把”之类的量词修饰时
,
谓语动词用单数形式。
has
Is
3.
主语后有
with, together with, along with, besides, except, but, as well as
等引导的短语作插入语时
,
谓语动词的数与它前面的主语保持一致。
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
老师和他的学生们将去参观博物馆。
4.
由
and
或
both
…
and
…连接的并列成分作主语时
,
谓语动词用复数形式。
Both he and I are right.
我和他都是对的。
对接中考专练
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Be quiet! The patients
(
be
)
sleeping.
2.My sister likes making friends. She often
(
share
)
her ideas with them.
3.Neither you nor I
(
be
)
talented in music, but we both like listening to it.
4.Two months
(
be
)
a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation.
5.Fish
(
be
)
the little boy’s favorite food.
6.Two thirds of the money
(
belong
)
to Jack.
7.20% of the students in my class
(
like
)
watching movies.
are
shares
am
is
is
belongs
like
对接中考专练
8.Something strange often
(
happen
)
in the neighborhood these days.
9.The number of new babies
(
increase
)
quickly after the policy comes out.
10.Either you or I
(
be
)
going to the teachers’ office after class.
11.This basket of apples
(
be
)
enough for these kids.
12.Both the students and the teacher
(
know
)
the history of the city.
13.Exercising every day
(
make
)
the boy called Wang Chenxuan stronger and stronger.
14.One hundred million dollars
(
be
)
a small goal of Wang Jianlin’s.
15.Yao Ming is one of China’s basketball players who
(
have
)
ever played in NBA.
happens
increases
am
is
know
makes
is
have