语法专题（十二）
简单句
PART
TWO
第二篇
语法突破篇
【中考考点】
（
1
）陈述句的概念及其结构变化。
（
2
）疑问句的分类及其答语。
（
3
）感叹句的结构及感叹引导词
what
和
how
的正确使用。
（
4
）
there be
句型的基本用法。
（
5
）连词成句。
考点一 陈述句
陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。
1.
陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型
（
1
）主语
+
系动词
+
表语
English is very easy.
英语很容易。
He looks tired.
他看上去累了。
（
2
）主语
+
不及物动词
The students work very hard.
学生们学习很努力。
（
3
）主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
She likes the flowers.
她喜欢这些花。
Dad bought a car.
父亲买了一辆小汽车。
（
4
）主语
+
及物动词
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语（间接宾语是人
,
直接宾语是物）
[
注意
]
带双宾语的及物动词
,
如果直接宾语置于间接宾语之前
,
间接宾语前必须加
to
或
for,
构成“主语
+
及物动语
+
直接宾语
+to/for+
间接宾语”句型。
“七给”（
give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand
）和“一带”（
bring
）
,
在直接宾语前置时
,
必须在后面加
to;buy, draw, make
在直接宾语前置时
,
必须在后面加
for
。
She sent me a present.
=She sent a present
me.
她给我寄了一份礼物。
My father bought me a bike.
=My father bought a bike
me.
我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。
to
for
【巧学妙记】
带双宾语的及物动词口诀
:
“七给”“一带”“
to
”不少
,
“买”“画”“制作”“
for
”来了。
（
5
）主语
+
及物动词
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
The teacher asked the students to listen carefully in class.
老师要求学生们上课认真听讲。
2.
陈述句的否定句式
（
1
）
be
动词
+not
（
2
）情态动词
/
助动词
+not+
动词原形
I didn’t get up at six o’clock this morning.
今天早上六点我没有起床。
（
3
）
no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither
…
nor, none
等词构成否定句。
I can hardly believe his story.
我几乎不相信他的故事。
（
4
）
think, believe, suppose
等词的否定前移的用法。
I don’t think he will come tomorrow.
我认为他明天不会来。
（
5
）“
too
…
to
…”句型本身具有否定的含义。
She is too young to go to school.
她太小
,
还不能去上学。
考点二 疑问句
1.
一般疑问句
（
1
）一般疑问句主要有三种结构
:
①Be+
主语
+
其他
?
②
助动词
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他
?
③
情态动词
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他
?
（
2
）一般疑问句的回答用
yes
或者
no
。
（
3
）否定疑问句的答语
否定疑问句通常以“
be
动词
/
情态动词
/
助动词
+not
”的缩写形式开头
,
表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语形式和汉语表达习惯不同。
—
Aren’t you a student?
你不是一名学生吗
?
—
/
不
,
我是。
/
是的
,
我不是。
Yes, I am
．
No, I am not.
2.
特殊疑问句
常见的疑问代词有
what, which, who, whom, whose;
常见的疑问副词有
when, where, why, how
。
特殊疑问句的一般语序为“特殊疑问词
+
一般疑问句”。
[
注意
]
如果特殊疑问词在特殊疑问句中作主语
,
此特殊疑问句要用陈述语序。
3.
选择疑问句
选择疑问句有两种
:
“一般疑问句
+
备选项”和“特殊疑问句
+
备选项”。
—
Would you like some juice or tea?
你想要些果汁还是茶
?
—
Neither.
都不要。
Which would you like, tea or coffee?
你想要哪样
,
茶还是咖啡
?
考点三 感叹句
a beautiful flower it is!
它是一朵多么漂亮的花啊
!
good news it is!
多好的消息啊
!
fine the weather is!
多么好的天气呀
!
fast Jim runs!
吉姆跑得多么快啊
!
time flies!
时光飞逝
!
What
What
How
How
How
【巧学妙记】
感叹句
,
并不难
,
what, how
放句前
;
名词词组跟
what,
how
与形副紧相连。
考点四 祈使句
Have a good holiday!
（祝你）假日愉快
!
Be careful when you cross the road.
当你过马路时要当心。
Let’s have a rest.
让我们休息一下吧。
No parking!
禁止停车
!
考点五
there be
句型
there be
句型表示“某处有某物”
,
主语是
be
动词后面的名词。
be
动词必须和后面的主语保持人称和数的一致。如果有两个或两个以上的主语时
,be
动词遵循“就近一致”原则
,
即与邻近的主语保持一致。其常见结构为
:There+be+
主语
+
地点
.
a river near our school.
我们学校附近有一条河。
a ruler and two pencils on the desk.
课桌上有一把尺子和两支铅笔。
There is
There is
对接中考专练
A [2018
·河北
]
1.it, outside, hot, is
?
2.on time, to, remember, arrive
.
3.for lunch, we, what, do, have
?
4.a cup of, Lucy, me, tea, brought
.
5.your, beautiful, are, how, kites
!
Is it hot outside
Remember to arrive on time
What do we have for lunch
Lucy brought me a cup of tea
How beautiful your kites are
对接中考专练
B [2017
·河北
]
6.birthday, is, gift, what, your
?
7.you, us, can, ride, give,a
?
8.five, in our group, there, students, are
.
9.helps, a, good, you, education, succeed
.
10.I, take a walk, think, after, we, supper, should
.
What is your birthday gift
Can you give us a ride
There are five students in our group
A good education helps you succeed
I think we should take a walk after supper
对接中考专练
C [2016
·河北改编
]
11.picture, is, the, new, third
.
12.it, I, yesterday, drew
.
13.under the tree, some, there are, children
.
14.that man, among, look at, them
.
15.popular, a, is, singer, he
.
The third picture is new
I drew it yesterday/Yesterday I drew it
There are some children under the tree
Look at that man among them
He is a popular singer
对接中考专练
D [2015
·河北改编
]
16.I, went on, yesterday, a trip
.
1 7.it, my, was, school trip, first
.
18.we, happily, sang, on the way
.
19.interesting activities, many, there were
.
20.what, we, a, wonderful, time, had
!
I went on a trip yesterday/Yesterday I went on a trip
It was my first school trip
We sang happily on the way/On the way we sang happily
There were many interesting activities
What a wonderful time we had
对接中考专练
E [2014
·河北改编
]
21.night, did, last, rain, it
?
22.your, what, is, shirt, size
?
23.gift, him, birthday, gave, a, I
.
24.flowers, what, are, beautiful, they
!
25.tennis, a, Nancy, twice, week, play
.
Did it rain last night
What size is your shirt
I gave him a birthday gift
What beautiful flowers they are
Nancy plays tennis twice a week
对接中考专练
F [2013
·河北
]
26.do, a, have, you, ruler
?
27.nice, the, taste, noodles
.
28.far, the, how, museum, is
?
29.pens, those, her, pass, black
.
30.match, a, now, be, TV, football, there, on
.
Do you have a ruler
The noodles taste nice
How far is the museum
Pass her those black pens
There is a football match on TV now/Now there is a football match on TV
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