语法专题（十三）
宾语从句
和定语从句
PART
TWO
第二篇
语法突破篇
【中考考点】
（
1
）宾语从句的引导词、时态和语序。
（
2
）定语从句的意义理解。
（
3
）关系词的正确理解和运用。
宾语从句
考点一 引导词
1.
在
that
引导的宾语从句中
,
若是陈述句作宾语
,that
可以省略。
The radio says
（
that
）
it will rain tomorrow.
收音机报道明天要下雨。
2.
连接代词
which,what,who
等或副词
how, where, why, when
等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语时
,
从句要用陈述语序。
Could you tell me
to you?
你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗
?
what he said
宾语从句
3.whether
或
if
引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语时
,
从句要用陈述语序。
I wonder
you have told the news to Li Lei.
我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。
[
注意
]
下列几种情况通常使用
whether:
（
1
）具有选择意义且又有
or
或
or not,
尤其是直接与
or not
连用时
,
往往用
whether;
（
2
）介词之后用
whether;
（
3
）不定式前用
whether
。
if/whether
宾语从句
考点二 时态
1.
当主句为现在时态时
,
宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。（主现从不限）
I remember he
me a book yesterday.
我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He has told me that he
for New York tomorrow.
他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。
2.
当主句为过去时态时
,
从句要用相应的过去时态。（主过从过）
We asked what Jean was doing then.
我们问琼那时正在做什么。
3.
当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时
,
宾语从句要使用一般现在时。（客观真理永不变）
Lisa asked whether light
faster than sound.
丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。
gave
will leave
travels/goes
宾语从句
考点三 语序
宾语从句一律用陈述语序
,
即
:
主语
+
谓语
+
其他。
I wonder whether it is true or not.
我想知道它是真是假。
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
你能告诉我火车什么时候离开吗
?
1.
陈述句改为宾语从句时
,
语序不变。
He is a good child. The teacher said.
→
The teacher said
（
that
）
he was a good child.
老师说他是个好孩子。
宾语从句
2.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时
,
语序改为陈述语序。
Does he work hard?I wonder.
→
I wonder if/whether
.
我想知道他工作是否努力。
When did he leave?I don’t know.
→
I don’t know when he left.
我不知道他是什么时候离开的。
[
注意
]
宾语从句与简单句的转换
:
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词
+to do
”结构的简单句。
I don’t know what I should say.
→
I don’t know what
.
我不知道要说什么。
to say
he works hard
定语从句
考点一 关系代词的基本用法
引导定语从句的关系代词有
who, whose, whom, which, that
。
关系代词的基本用法
:
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who/that
who/whom/that
whose
指物
which/that
which/that
whose
定语从句
考点二 关系代词的特殊用法
that
和
which
都可以修饰表示物的先行词。
1.
下列情况只能用
that
（
1
）先行词为不定代词
all, few, little, much, everything, anything, none, nothing
等时。
All
（
that
）
you have to do is to practice every day.
你要做的就是每天练习。
There isn’t much
（
that
）
I can do.
我能做的不多。
（
2
）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
The first lesson
（
that
）
I learned will never be forgotten.
我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。
This is the best film
（
that
）
I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
（
3
）先行词被
all, any, every, few, little, no, some
等不定代词修饰时。
I have read all the books
（
that
）
you gave me.
我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。
定语从句
（
4
）先行词被
the only, the very, the last, the same
等修饰时。
The white flower is the only one that I really like.
这朵白花是我唯一真正喜欢的。
This is the very book
I want to read.
这就是我想看的那本书。
（
5
）当主句是以
who
或
which
开头的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the man that is standing over there?
站在那边的那个人是谁
?
Which of us that know something about physics doesn’t know this?
在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个
?
that
定语从句
（
6
）先行词既有人又有物时。
We talked about the persons and things
we could remember.
我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。
（
7
）
time
作先行词且前面有序数词或
last
修饰时
,
定语从句用
that
来引导（
that
可省略）
;
如果没有序数词或
last
修饰时
,
既可用
when
也可用
that
来引导。
This is the last time
（
that
）
I shall give you a lesson.
这是我最后一次给你们上课了。
The first time
（
that
）
I saw him was in 1972.
我第一次见到他是在
1972
年。
that
定语从句
2.
下列情况只能用
which
（
1
）关系代词作介词的宾语时
,
用“介词
+which
”结构。
This is the book for
you ask.
这是你要的书。
（
2
）引导非限制性定语从句时
,
只能用
which
。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
这本我已经读了三遍的小说很感人。
which
定语从句
考点三 关系副词的用法
状语
先行词
关系副词
时间
day, year, date, time
…
when
地点
the place, the city, Shanghai
…
where
原因
the reason
why
对接中考专练
1.[2018
·河北
]
—
Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us
?
—
Yes. She said we should meet there at nine.
A.which was the way to the station B.why we should meet at the station
C.when we should get to the station D.who we should meet at the station
2.[2016
·河北
] I’m planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but still can’t decide
.
A.where I’m going B.how I’m going
C.why I’m planning D.when I’m planning
3.[2015
·河北
]
—
Could you tell me
?
—
Talking about festivals.
A.how they are playing B.what they are doing
C.where they are going D.why they are practicing
C
B
B
对接中考专练
4.[2014
·河北
] I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder
.
A.where you buy the tickets B.why you like to go there
C.if you’d like to come along D.when you watch the match
5.[2013
·河北
] If you can’t find the place, I will show you
.
A.what it is B.what it was
C.where it is D.where it was
6.[2018
·秦皇岛青龙一模
]
—
I wonder
.
—
Yes, of course.
A.why we will visit this museum B.when we will get to the museum
C.whether the museum is worth visiting D.what we can see in the museum
C
C
C
对接中考专练
7.[2018
·定兴二模
]
—
Could you tell me
?
—
Oh, I’m not sure. Probably at 3:00.
A.where we can go B.why we will go
C.when we will go D.how we can go
8.[2018
·石家庄裕华区一模
] In our life, we don’t always know
.
A.what will happen tomorrow B.who will we meet tomorrow
C.if can we be successful tomorrow D.how to do with the problems tomorrow
9.[2018
·唐山丰南区二模
]
—
What did you say to me just now? There is too much noise.
—
I wondered
.
A.what rules you had in your school B.how you come to school
C.where did you have lunch D.what size bowl of noodles would you like
C
A
A
对接中考专练
10.[2018
·唐山路南区二模
] In the UK, a woman usually doesn’t like to be asked
.
A.when did she get married
B.what is her age
C.where does she come from
D.how much she weighs
D
对接中考专练
Ⅱ.
英译汉
1.I want to know if the speech is worth listening to.
2.Please take what the teacher said seriously.
3.I don’t think he will say no to our asking him for help.
4.You do not win respect by showing who you are, but what you’re able to do.
5.Could you tell me how long such cold weather will last?
我想知道这个演讲是否值得一听。
请认真对待老师所说的话。
我认为他不会拒绝我们的求助。
你不是通过你是
“
谁
”
赢得尊重
,
而是通过你能做什么。
你能告诉我如此寒冷的天气将持续多久吗
?
对接中考专练
6.I like music which I can dance to.
7.I look up to the policeman who has helped me out.
8.We believe that success always belongs to the people who never say
“
give up
”
.
9.I really like the family photo which was taken on my grandpa’s 80th birthday.
10.She often parks her car near the house which she can easily get to.
我喜欢能随着跳舞的音乐。
我崇敬那位帮我摆脱困境的警察。
我们认为成功总是属于这些永不言败的人。
我真的很喜欢我们在爷爷
80
岁生日时拍的这张照片。
她总是把车停在她很容易到达的房子旁边。
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