语法专题(五)
介词和介词短语
PART
TWO
第二篇
语法突破篇
【中考考点】
(
1
)表示时间、方位介词的基本用法。
(
2
)易混介词的辨析。
(
3
)常见介词短语的运用。
考点一 时间介词
1.in/on/at
(
1
)
in
用在世纪、年份、季节、月份
,
不特定的上午、下午或晚上等词前面。
It often rains
July.
七月份经常下雨。
(
2
)
on
用在星期、具体的某一天或者某天的上午、下午、晚上或节日前。
She was born
the morning of May 10th.
她出生于五月十日的早晨。
(
3
)
at
表示在某个时刻或者某个瞬间。
I usually get up
6:00 in the morning.
我通常早上六点钟起床。
in
on
at
2.after/in
(
1
)“
after+
具体时刻”表示“在……之后”
,
常用于过去时。
He said that he would come here
5:00.
他说他五点钟之后会来这儿。
(
2
)“
in+
一段时间”表示“在多久之后”
,
常用于将来时。
My mother is coming back from England
about a month.
我母亲大约一个月以后从英格兰回来。
after
in
3.by/until
(
1
)“
by+
时间点”表示“到……时候为止”
,
常用于完成时和将来时。
Can you repair my bike
Saturday?
星期六之前你能修好我的自行车吗
?
(
2
)“
until+
具体时刻”表示“动作持续到某时”。
We must work here
ten o’clock.
我们必须一直在这里工作到十点钟。
by
until
4.since/for
(
1
)“
since+
具体时刻”表示“自从……起”。
Uncle Li has worked in this factory
2000.
李叔叔自从
2000
年起就在这家工厂工作了。
(
2
)“
for+
一段时间”表示“有……之久”。
Uncle Li has worked in this factory
over 10 years.
李叔叔在这家工厂工作十多年了。
5.during
during
后可接特定的某一段时间
,
即“
during+
时间段”表示“在……期间”
,
常与一般过去时连用。
since
for
考点二 地点
/
方位介词
1.at/in/on
(
1
)
at
用于小地点前。
(
2
)
in
用于大地点前。
(
3
)
on
表示“在……上面(有接触面)”。
2.between/among
(
1
)
between
表示“在两者之间”。
Don’t sit
the two girls.
不要坐在这两个女孩中间。
(
2
)
among
表示“在三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。
The village lies
hills.
这个村庄坐落于群山之间。
between
among
3.across/through
(
1
)
across
强调从表面穿过。
Go
the bridge, and you will find the park.
穿过这座桥
,
你就会找到公园。
(
2
)
through
强调从一定的空间内部穿过。
The river runs
the city.
这条河流经这座城市。
4.over/above
(
1
)
over
强调在某一物体的正上方
,
其反义词为
under
。
There is a bridge
the river.
河上有座桥。
(
2
)
above
强调在上方
,
但不一定是正上方
,
其反义词为
below
。
Raise your arms
your head.
把手臂举过你的头。
across
through
over
above
5.in front of/in the front of
(
1
)
in front of
表示在某一空间外部的前面。
There is a big tree
the house.
房子前面有一棵大树。
(
2
)
in the front of
表示在某一空间内部的前面。
There is a big desk
our classroom.
我们教室的前面有一张大桌子。
in front of
in the front of
6.in/on/to
(
1
)
in
表示在某地之内。
(
2
)
on
表示与某地是毗邻关系
,
相互接壤。
(
3
)
to
表示在某地之外
,
不接壤。
考点三 常考含有介词的短语
在家
at home
在学校
at school
在工作
立刻
at once
在晚上
at night
在一年中不好的时节
at a bad time of the year
在……的尽头
at the end of
在……的开始
at the beginning of
到达
arrive in/at
同意某人
agree with sb.
以……开始
at work
begin/start with
擅长……
be good at
对……有害处
be bad for
充满
be full of
确信
be sure of/about
习惯于……
对某人要求严格
be strict with sb.
对某事要求严格
be strict in sth.
忙于做某事
be busy with sth.
迟到
be late for
生某人的气
be angry with sb.
对某人感到满意
be pleased with sb.
对……感兴趣
be interested in
与……不同
be used to
be different from
以……为骄傲
be proud of
对……感到厌烦
be tired of
赶上
catch up with
依靠
depend on
在……方面做得好
do well in
用……装满……
fill
…
with
…
与……相处
听说
收到……的来信
在某方面帮助某人
help sb. with sth.
在……的前面(外部)
in front of
在……的前面(内部)
in the front of
在户外
in the open air
get on/along with
hear of/about
hear from
最后
,
终于
in the end
及时
匆忙
,
急忙
in a hurry
在阳光下
事实上
in fact
处于困境中
in trouble
看
look at
寻找
look for
照顾
,
照看
look after/take care of
嘲笑
动身去某处
in time
in the sun
laugh at
leave for
与……交朋友
make friends with
在某人回家的路上
on one’s way home
展出
究竟
,
到底
on earth
在……顶部
on the top of
另一方面
on the other hand
值日
;
值班
on duty
步行
on show/display
on foot
对接中考专练
1.[2017
·河北
] Just walk down this road and you’ll see the museum
your right.
A.on B.in C.at D.by
2.[2016
·河北
] Class, let’s see who can spell the most words
these letters.
A.at B.into C.on D.with
3.[2014
·河北
] You see, Kevin is writing
his left hand.
A.at B.as C.for D.with
4.[2013
·河北
]
age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.
A.In B.At C.On D.For
A
D
D
B
对接中考专练
5.[2018
·唐山丰南区二模
] The guests said goodbye to old Henry and headed back
home
the birthday party.
A.after B.at C.since D.during
6.[2018
·石家庄质检
]
the help of his teacher, he becomes good at English.
A.With B.On C.For D.Under
7.[2018
·石家庄裕华区一模
] It’s so nice
you to help me with my English.
A.for B.about C.of D.to
A
A
C
对接中考专练
8.[2018
·保定莲池区模拟
] When the bell rang, our English teacher came into the
classroom
a blue book.
A.in B.during C.on D.with
9.[2018
·沧州一模
] Time marches on! Our middle school life will be over
a month. I will miss it forever!
A.at B.during C.in D.on
10.[2018
·邢台一模
]
—
Excuse me, is there a computer room in your school?
—
Yes. It’s
the fifth floor.
A.on B.in C.at D.to
D
C
A
对接中考专练
Ⅱ.
根据句意或首字母提示填空
1.He found that he had put Sally’s sunglasses into his backpack b
mistake.
2.There will be four hours’ performances f
free in the theater each day next month.
3.We should protect the wild animals which are
danger.
4.Sometimes we use smartphones to take pictures instead
cameras.
5.Would you mind looking after my garden when I am
business?
by
for
in
of
on